| 词条 | Thomas Stewart Traill |
| 释义 |
Thomas Stewart Traill {{Post-nominals|post-noms=FRSE PRCPE MWS RSSA}} (29 October 1781 – 30 July 1862) was a Scottish physician, chemist, meteorologist, zoologist and scholar of medical jurisprudence. He was the grandfather of the physicist, meteorologist and geologist Robert Traill Omond FRSE (1858-1914). Early lifeTraill was born at Kirkwall in Orkney, the son of the Rev Thomas Traill (died 1782), the minister in Kirkwall, and his wife Lucia.[1] His father died the year after he was born.[2] He studied Medicine at the University of Edinburgh, gaining his doctorate (MD) in 1802.[3] He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1819. His proposers were Robert Jameson, John Murray, Lord Murray, and Thomas Charles Hope. He was Curator of the Society's museum from 1834 to 1856.[4] He practiced medicine for 30 years in Liverpool, and was a founder of the Royal Institution of Liverpool, the Liverpool Mechanics' Institution and the Literary and Philosophical Society of Liverpool. He became acquainted with the Arctic explorer William Scoresby, contributing a list of animals observed in eastern Greenland to Scoresby's Journal of a Voyage to the Northern Whale Fishery (1823). Scoresby named Traill Island in Greenland for him. Mount Traill in Nigeria was named after him by William Balfour Baikie. In 1812 he first suggested creation of a Royal Society of Liverpool which eventually came to fruition in 1821. When John James Audubon arrived in Liverpool in July 1826 Traill helped him to find a publisher for his The Birds of America. Audubon named the Traill's flycatcher after him, which at one time referred to a species which included both the willow flycatcher (Empidonax traillii) and the alder flycatcher (Empidonax alnorum). Always interested in railways, in October 1829 he and his family attended the famous Rainhill trials and saw first hand Stephenson's "Rocket" win the competition. During this trial he, his wife and two daughters were invited as passengers in a rival engine, the "Novelty" built by Braithwaite and Ericsson, one of the runners-up in the trials. This makes them possibly the first passengers on a steam train.[2] University of Edinburgh and the Encyclopædia BritannicaTraill returned to the University of Edinburgh in 1832 as a professor of medical jurisprudence, and served in this role until death, also serving as President of the Royal College of Physicians in Edinburgh 1852 to 1854.[3] In 1847 he replaced Macvey Napier as main Editor of the Encyclopædia Britannica (1852–61) and was creator of its 8th edition: works concluding a year before his death. He was a keen (but unsuccessful) supporter of women attending the university. He was President of the Royal Scottish Society of the Arts 1843-44.[5] In 1840 he was living at 10 Albyn Place in Edinburgh's Moray Estate close to Charlotte Square.[6] He died at his final home, 29 Rutland Square[7] in Edinburgh's West End on 30 July 1862, and was interred at St Cuthbert's cemetery.[3] The grave contains members of both the Omond family and Traill family and stands against an outer eastern wall of the southern section, under the shadows of Edinburgh Castle. FamilyIn 1811 he was married to Christian Robertson (d.1842), the widow of James Watson, an Orkney factor. She had five children when they married and they had a further five children together.[2] Their daughter Mary Eliza Traill married Robert Omond. Their children included Robert Traill Omond. Thomas appears to have been cousin or second cousin to Rev Robert Traill (and shows a strong family resemblance). Publications
Artistic RecognitionHis portrait by Alexander Mosses is held by the Scottish National Portrait Gallery in Edinburgh but rarely displayed.[8] References1. ^{{cite book |last1=Traill |first1=William |title=A Genealogical Account of the Traills of Orkney, with a Pedigree Table ... |date=1883 |publisher=J. Calder |location=Kirkwall, Orkney |pages=xiv|url=https://archive.org/details/agenealogicalac00unkngoog/page/n30 |accessdate=3 March 2019}} 2. ^1 2 http://www.aboutorkney.com/ttraill00.html 3. ^1 2 {{cite book |last1 = Waterston |first1 = Charles D |last2 = Macmillan Shearer |first2 = A |title = Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783-2002: Biographical Index |url = http://www.rse.org.uk/fellowship/fells_indexp2.pdf |accessdate = 22 March 2011 |volume = II |date = July 2006 |publisher = The Royal Society of Edinburgh |location = Edinburgh |isbn = 978-0-902198-84-5 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20061004113303/http://www.rse.org.uk/fellowship/fells_indexp2.pdf |archivedate = 4 October 2006 |df = dmy-all}} 4. ^{{cite book|title=Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002|date=July 2006|publisher=The Royal Society of Edinburgh|isbn=0 902 198 84 X|url=https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp2.pdf}} 5. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.rssa.org.uk/history/past-presidents.shtml|title=RSSA: History: Past Presidents|website=www.rssa.org.uk|language=en|access-date=2017-12-26}} 6. ^Edinburgh Post Office Directory 1840 7. ^Edinburgh Post Office Directory 1862 8. ^https://www.nationalgalleries.org/art-and-artists/4012/thomas-stewart-traill-1781-1862-professor-medical-jurisprudence-edinburgh-university
External links
16 : 1781 births|1862 deaths|19th-century Scottish people|Academics of the University of Edinburgh|Alumni of the University of Edinburgh|Encyclopædia Britannica|Founders of English schools and colleges|Medical jurisprudence|People from Kirkwall|Scottish book editors|Scottish chemists|Scottish encyclopedists|19th-century Scottish medical doctors|Scottish meteorologists|Scottish zoologists|19th-century philanthropists |
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