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词条 Throgs Neck Bridge
释义

  1. Description

      Design   Road connections   Traffic restrictions  

  2. Name

  3. History

      Planning   Construction   Opening and early years   Later years 

  4. Tolls

     Historical tolls 

  5. Incidents

  6. See also

  7. References

  8. External links

{{short description|Suspension bridge crossing the East River between Queens and the Bronx, New York}}{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2017}}{{Infobox bridge
|bridge_name= Throgs Neck Bridge
|image= Image:ThrogsNeckBridge.jpg
| image_size=300px
|caption= Throgs Neck Bridge from Fort Totten
|official_name=
|also_known_as=
|carries= 6 lanes of {{jct|state=NY|I|295}}
|crosses= East River
|location= New York City (Throggs Neck, Bronx – Bay Terrace, Queens)
|maint= MTA Bridges and Tunnels
|id=
|designer=Othmar Ammann
|design= Suspension bridge
|mainspan={{Convert|1,800|ft}}
|length={{Convert|2,910|ft}}
|width=
|clearance=
|below={{Convert|142|ft}}
|traffic=119,249 (2016)[1]
|cost = $92,000,000[2]
|open= {{start date and age|1961|1|11}}[2]
|closed=
|toll= As of March 31, 2019, $9.50 (Tolls By Mail and non-New York E-ZPass); $6.12 (New York E-ZPass)
| map_relief = no
| map_cue =
| map_image = {{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-align=center|frame-width=325|zoom=9|type=point|coord={{coord|40.802|-73.793}}}}
| map_text =
| map_width =
| map_caption = Location within New York City
| coordinates = {{Coord|40.802|-73.793|region:US-NY_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
}}

The Throgs Neck Bridge is a suspension bridge in New York City, carrying six lanes of Interstate 295 (I-295) over the East River where it meets the Long Island Sound. The bridge connects the Throggs Neck section of the Bronx with the Bay Terrace section of Queens.

Opened on January 11, 1961, it is the newest bridge across the East River and was built to relieve traffic on the Bronx–Whitestone Bridge, {{convert|2|mi|km}} to the west. The Throgs Neck Bridge is also the easternmost crossing of the East River. Due to this and its proximity to I-95, it is the closest route from Long Island to New Jersey via the George Washington Bridge, as well as points north.

The Throgs Neck Bridge is owned by the government of New York City and operated by the Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority (TBTA), an affiliate agency of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA).

Description

The Throgs Neck Bridge was designed by structural engineer Othmar Ammann, who also designed the George Washington, Bronx-Whitestone, Verrazzano-Narrows, and Triborough Bridges in New York City. It connects the boroughs of Queens to the south and the Bronx to the north, and is the third vehicular bridge to be constructed between Queens and the Bronx, after the Triborough and Bronx–Whitestone Bridges.[4]{{rp|127}} The bridge is a suspension bridge with six lanes, three in each direction.[5] Each three-lane roadway is {{convert|37|ft|m}} wide, and the two directions of traffic are divided by a {{convert|4|ft|m|adj=mid|-wide}} barrier. The roadway is paved with asphalt.[4]{{rp|133}} There is no pedestrian or bicyclist access of any kind.[2][3] The Throgs Neck Bridge is a toll bridge; it originally had tollbooths on the Bronx side,[4] but these were replaced by electronic toll collection gantries in 2017.[10]

Design

The Throgs Neck Bridge was not bound by any maritime constraints and as a result, did not need to be as long as other Ammann-designed bridges in New York City.[4]{{rp|129}} The center span is {{convert|1800|ft|m}}, and the distance between each suspension tower and anchorage is {{convert|555|ft|m}}, with an anchorage-to-anchorage total length of {{Convert|2,910|ft|m|0}}.[12][13][5] The bridge contains two long approach ramps, one on either bank, because both the Bronx and Queens are located on low elevations. The Throgs Neck Bridge has a {{convert|3,900|ft|m|adj=on}} approach ramp in the Bronx, curving over the SUNY Maritime College at Fort Schuyler on the Throggs Neck peninsula, as well as a {{convert|2,800|ft|m|adj=on}} ramp directly east of Cryder's Point in Bay Terrace, Queens.[15] Including approaches, the bridge spans more than {{convert|2|mi|km}}.[4]{{rp|127}}

The span is supported by two main cables, which suspend the deck and are held up by the suspension towers. Each main cable contains 37 strands, with each strand made of 296 individual wires, for a total of 10,952 wires per main cable.[4][18] The main cables weigh {{convert|1790|ST|LT}} each.[18] At each end of the suspension span are two anchorages that hold the main cables, both of which are freestanding concrete structures measuring {{convert|250|by|350|ft|m}}.[20][20] The bridge's Bronx anchorage is at the tip of Throggs Neck, and the towers are located in the middle of the Long Island Sound.[15] The Queens anchorage is located off the shore of Fort Totten, in the East River.[6]

The suspension towers of the Throgs Neck Bridge are of closed-box construction with arched struts at the top of each tower. The tops of the suspension towers are sharp and blocky atop the struts, and there are flattened segmental arches on the underside of the struts.[4]{{rp|129}} Both suspension towers are located on artificial concrete islands in the East River, which are {{convert|20|ft|m}} above mean high water.[25] Each suspension tower rises {{convert|326|ft|m}} above the islands,[26] or {{convert|346|ft|m}} above mean high water.[25] A colony of peregrine falcons have lived at the tops of the suspension towers since at least 1983, when they were first spotted.[7] They are thought to have nested there because the tops of the towers resembled their natural habitat of high cliffs.[8]

Instead of employing a rather streamlined-looking plate-girder system, Ammann constructed the Throgs Neck Bridge with {{convert|28|ft|m|adj=mid|-deep}} stiffening transverse trusses under the deck. These served as counterweights to the bridge and allowed any wind to simply blow through, instead of against, the bridge.[4]{{rp|129}} The asphalt roadway lies atop a {{convert|5|in|cm|adj=mid|-thick}} deck, which consists of dozens of panels that lie directly above the trusses.[4]{{rp|133}}

Road connections

The Throgs Neck Bridge was one of the few that were not part of the plans for the Belt Parkway around Queens and Brooklyn.[4]{{rp|125}} Instead, the bridge was built along with the Clearview Expressway in Queens and the eastern part of the Cross Bronx Expressway in the Bronx.[33]

The Throgs Neck Bridge carries Interstate 295 (I-295). On the Queens side, the bridge connects to the southbound Clearview Expressway (I-295) and the eastbound Cross Island Parkway. There is no direct connection to the westbound Cross Island Parkway or from the Cross Island Parkway service roads in either direction. On the Bronx side, there are connections to and from the community of Throggs Neck. The northbound entrance and exit leads to the Throgs Neck Expressway service road, while the southbound exit and entrance leads from the intersection of the Throgs Neck Expressway service road and Harding Avenue. Immediately afterward, the highway splits into the Throgs Neck Expressway (I-695), which connects to northbound I-95; and I-295, which connects to southbound I-95, westbound I-278, and northbound Hutchinson River Parkway at the Bruckner Interchange.[9]

Traffic restrictions

{{As of|2015}}, the Throgs Neck Bridge has a height limit of {{Convert|14|ft|7|in|m}} for southbound vehicles and {{Convert|15|ft|1|in|m}} for northbound vehicles. The maximum width of any vehicle is {{Convert|15|ft|0|in|m}}. Tractor-trailers exceeding 53 feet and traveling between Long Island and the Bronx are required to use the Throgs Neck Bridge.[10] A weight limit is imposed on heavy vehicles traveling on the bridge. The MTA allows 6 and 7-axle trucks with less than {{Cvt|105,000|lb|kg}} of gross vehicle weight, and 5-axle trucks with less than {{Cvt|102,000|lb|kg}} of gross vehicle weight, if they have valid divisible-load permits. Trucks carrying less than {{Cvt|80,000|lb|kg}} may also use the bridge, but all heavy loads are speed-restricted to {{Convert|30|mph|km/h}} and must use the center lane of the bridge. Heavy trucks carrying more than 80,000 lb without permits are prohibited from using the Throgs Neck Bridge.[11]

Name

The spelling of "Throgs Neck" in the bridge's name derives from John Throckmorton, who first settled Throggs Neck. The traditionally correct spelling is with two "g"s.[12] Robert Moses—chairman of the Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority (TBTA), which built the bridge—likely chose the variant with one "g" because it was easier to spell.[13][14]

History

Planning

Plans for a bridge between Throggs Neck and Queens date to a 1932 study by engineer J. Franklin Perrine. However, he discarded the proposed Throggs Neck-to-Queens span because it would have required the construction of new highways at either end.[15]

The Throgs Neck Bridge's construction was announced in January 1955 by the Port Authority and the TBTA as part of the Port Authority's Joint Study of Arterial Facilities, a $600 million plan to improve highway access in the New York City area. The plan also included the construction of the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge, the addition of a second deck to the George Washington Bridge, and the completion of connecting highways in and around the city. The Throgs Neck Bridge was to cost $93 million.[16][17][4]{{rp|125}} The span was needed because of increasing congestion on the Bronx–Whitestone Bridge {{convert|2|mi|km}} west, which was nearing its traffic capacity by the late 1950s.[18][45] Traffic loads on the Triborough and Bronx–Whitestone Bridges had more than doubled on both bridges after World War II.[4]{{rp|125}} The city and Port Authority came to a provisional agreement for the highway arterial plan in late March 1955,[19] and the plan was officially approved by the New York state legislature two weeks later.[20]

Initially, the bridge approach on the Queens side was controversial because of the number of people who would be displaced, and there were proposals to scrap the bridge entirely.[21] In September 1956, Queens borough leaders agreed on the location for the Queens approach of the Throgs Neck Bridge. From the Queens anchorage, the approach would descend to a point east of the Clearview Golf Course, approximately between 206th and 207th Streets, and continue south as the Clearview Expressway.[22][23] This routing would displace 421 homes, compared to 860 in the original plan.[22][24][4]{{rp|127}}

Shortly after the arterial plan was approved, drivers on the Triborough and Bronx–Whitestone Bridges were surveyed in order to assess demand for the Throgs Neck Bridge.[25] However, by February 1956, the funding for the Throgs Neck Bridge had not yet been acquired.[26] In January 1957, the Port Authority provided $13 million in funding for the New York City arterial plan,[27] and the New York state government gave another $469 million.[28]

With funding now secured, the Throgs Neck Bridge was ready for the start of construction. Then, at the end of March 1957, the New York state legislature suddenly changed the approach route for the Throgs Neck and Narrows Bridges without the city's knowledge.[29] The city then decided to defer any decision on either bridge for a year because both bridges' approaches would require potentially controversial home relocations.[30] One plan had the Throgs Neck Bridge approach in Queens connect directly to a road paralleling the Cross Island Parkway, rather than to the proposed Clearview Expressway.[31][32] TBTA officials warned that the Throgs Neck Bridge could not be approved for construction until an approach route was finalized.[33] The revised approach routes for both the Narrows and the Throgs Neck bridges were approved that June, which allowed construction on both crossings to begin.[34] As a result of the revisions to the Clearview Expressway approach, the cost estimate for the Throgs Neck Bridge increased to $126 million.[35]

The city approved the construction of the bridge that July.[36] A final obstacle was removed in August, when the United States Senate passed a bill stating that the construction of the proposed bridge over the SUNY Maritime College at Fort Schuyler was not a breach of a prior land conveyance, and authorized the United States Army to give the New York state government some land for the bridge's construction.[37] The SUNY Maritime College would receive {{convert|7|acre|ha}} of land in exchange for an easement to allow the bridge to be constructed over the college.[12][4]{{rp|128}}

Construction

TBTA chairman Moses commissioned Othmar Ammann for the construction of the Throgs Neck Bridge. This was Ammann's first long-span bridge project since 1940, which saw the collapse of his original Tacoma Narrows Suspension Bridge in Washington state.[38]{{rp|125}} A groundbreaking ceremony for the Throgs Neck Bridge occurred at the SUNY Maritime College on October 22, 1957. At the time, the approach roads alone were expected to cost $51 million, nearly half of the total bridge cost.[39][40] It was expected that the bridge would be complete by 1961.[40] A month later, six construction contracts worth $42.5 million were awarded, representing nearly half of the span's cost.[41] The contract for the suspension towers' metal was awarded to Bethlehem Steel at a cost of $10.2 million, and the contract for the towers' concrete went to Merrit, Chapman and Scott for $7.5 million. The suspension cables would then be built by U.S. Steel for $6.3 million.[6]

Work on the Queens anchorage began in March 1958.[6] The {{convert|162|by|72|ft|m|adj=on}} steel caissons for the Throgs Neck Bridge were shipped up the East River that summer.[42] The {{convert|73|ST|LT|adj=on}} steel assembly for the first of the two suspension towers were installed in April 1959. Afterward, the suspension towers were installed in pieces. Each piece measured {{convert|23.5|ft|m}} tall by {{convert|11|by|9|ft|m}} around.[43] Work on the towers proceeded quickly; by September 1959, the Bronx suspension tower was fully completed, and the Queens tower was 60% completed.[44] However, a steelworkers' strike in October 1959 threatened to delay further completion.[45][46]

By January 1960, both towers of the Throgs Neck Bridge had been completed, and the first {{convert|1800|ft|m}} wire between the two suspension towers had been installed.[47] This cable marked the location of the future bridge deck, but in the interim, it would be one of six wires that would support temporary catwalkss between the suspension towers.[48] The spinning of the main cables between the tops of each suspension tower began in March. The wires for the cables were spun from reels near the base of the bridge, and then pulled across to the opposite side by two wheels, one at each bridge tower.[49] The cables were fully spun by June 1960, and the vertical suspender cables connecting the main cables with the deck were installed.[85]

The steel girder sections that comprised the bridge deck were prefabricated at another location and then shipped to the site of the Throgs Neck Bridge.[38]{{rp|133}}[85] Each section measured {{convert|82|by|93|ft|m}} and weighed {{convert|200|ST|LT}}. The sections were installed on the bridge at a rate of two per day.[85] Installation of the deck started at each suspension tower and continued outward in either direction, extending toward the center and the approach viaducts on each side.[38]{{rp|133}} Afterward, concrete was poured atop the steel sections. The steelwork for the roadway was completed in summer 1960, and work on constructing the Throgs Neck Bridge's approaches progressed simultaneously.[50] The Queens approach viaduct had been completed up to the suspension span in September 1960.[51] The final work on the bridge consisted of sheathing the main cables, as well as paving the roadway with asphalt. By December 1960, tollbooths for the bridge were being installed, and a definite opening date had been set for the next month.[52][53]

Opening and early years

The Throgs Neck Bridge opened with a short ceremony on January 11, 1961, at a total cost of $92 million.[54][4] The bridge opened along with a segment of the Clearview Expressway southward to 73rd Avenue in Fresh Meadows, as well as the Cross Bronx and Throgs Neck Expressways in the Bronx.[55] The bridge's opening was attended by Robert Moses, as well as mayor Robert F. Wagner Jr., lieutenant Ggovernor Malcolm Wilson, City Council president Abe Stark, and Queens borough president John T. Clancy. The opening of the Throgs Neck Bridge had been accelerated in advance of the start of the 1964 New York World's Fair at nearby Flushing Meadows–Corona Park.[54] Immediately after the bridge's opening ceremony, the delegation attended the opening of a World's Fair attraction at Flushing Meadows–Corona Park.[5] The bridge's opening drew protests from homeowners in Queens who had been forced to relocate due to the construction of the Clearview Expressway. Several dozen women walked across the bridge, holding signs and attempting to block the first vehicles driving on the bridge.[54][56]

It was expected that the Throgs Neck Bridge's opening would initially cause 15 million vehicles annually to be diverted to the span from other bridges, and by 1981, the bridge would carry 37.5 million vehicles annually.[4] Within the first twelve hours of the bridge's opening, 20,000 vehicles had used the bridge.[57] The Throgs Neck Bridge had carried 16.4 million vehicles by the end of the year, and the Bronx-Whitestone Bridge recorded a corresponding 40% decline in traffic in 1961.[58]

The Throgs Neck Bridge was originally designated as part of I-78, which extended south to Hillside Avenue (NY 25), the southern terminus of the Clearview Expressway.[59][60][61] I-78 was to continue south and west across Queens, Brooklyn, and Manhattan to the Holland Tunnel.[62][63][64] Ultimately, nearly all sections of I-78 between the Holland Tunnel and Hillside Avenue were canceled by Governor Nelson Rockefeller in 1971.[65][66] This resulted in the renumbering of all of I-78 north of Hillside Avenue, including the Throgs Neck Bridge, to I-295 on January 1, 1970.[67]

Later years

The Throgs Neck Bridge's deck was renovated in 1983. That July, the MTA initially signed a contract to use steel imported from Japan and South Korea, around the same time that Governor Mario Cuomo signed a "Buy American" law giving preference to American steel.[68][114] The contract was controversial because, although importing Asian steel would have been $3.5 million cheaper than buying American steel, it would have also disadvantaged American workers.[69] Subsequently, Cuomo tried to get the MTA to reverse its decision.[70] In September 1983, Cuomo signed an executive order mandating the use of American steel,[71] and the MTA narrowly voted to reverse its prior decision.[72]

The construction of the Throgs Neck Bridge's Queens approaches bisected Clearview Park (renamed Little Bay Park in 1973), which had been established by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation in 1950. The park's athletic fields received a $666,000 refurbishment in 1998, and a bike path and roller hockey rink were installed in 1999 at a cost of $1.2 million.[73]

After a June 2005 inspection of the Throgs Neck Bridge, damage was found on the approach viaducts. The damage was found to be more severe away from the median barrier. As a result, heavy trucks carrying over 40 tons were permitted to use the bridge only between 11:00 p.m. and 5:00 a.m., when traffic was lightest.[74] The program was canceled in 2007, and overweight vehicles were only allowed to use the bridge with a special permit.[75] {{As of|2018}}, heavy trucks carrying less than 40 tons, as well as selected heavy trucks carrying more than 40 tons with permits, may use the Throgs Neck Bridge; all other trucks are restricted.[11]

Tolls

{{as of|2019|03|31|df=us}}, drivers pay $9.50 per car or $4.00 per motorcycle for tolls by mail. E‑ZPass users with transponders issued by the New York E‑ZPass Customer Service Center pay $6.12 per car or $2.66 per motorcycle. All E-ZPass users with transponders not issued by the New York E-ZPass CSC will be required to pay Toll-by-mail rates.[123]

Originally, the toll plaza of the Throgs Neck Bridge, located on the Bronx side, contained 14 toll lanes.[4] By 1996, the year that E-ZPass was introduced, it had been expanded to 20 lanes.[76] The initial rollout of E-ZPass at the Throgs Neck Bridge caused large delays, as some of the toll lanes were dedicated exclusively to E-ZPass users, unlike at other MTA crossings that did not have dedicated E-ZPass lanes.[77] In February 1998, the MTA discontinued the sale of toll tokens on the Throgs Neck Bridge.[78] Throggs Neck residents stated that they could not easily access the E-ZPass lanes from the Harding Avenue entrance to the bridge, as the E-ZPass lanes were located toward the center of the tollbooth, while the bridge entrance was on the far-right side.[79]

Open-road cashless tolling began on September 30, 2017.[80] The tollbooths, which were at the Bronx end of the bridge, have been gradually dismantled, and drivers are no longer able to pay cash at the bridge. Instead, cameras and E‑ZPass readers are mounted on new overhead gantries near where the booths were located.[130][131] Drivers without E-ZPass have a photograph of their license plate taken, and a bill for the toll will be mailed to them. For E-ZPass users, sensors detect their transponders wirelessly.[81][82]

Historical tolls

History of passenger cash tolls for the Throgs Neck Bridge
Years Toll in {{inflation-year>US{{Inflation-fn|USRef.|References cited
1961–1972 $0.25${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|0.25|1972|r=2}}}} – {{Inflation|US|0.25|1961|r=2}} [54][83]
1972–1975 $0.50${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|0.50|1975|r=2}}}} – {{Inflation|US|0.50|1972|r=2}}[83][84]
1975–1980 $0.75${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|0.75|1980|r=2}}}} – {{Inflation|US|0.75|1975|r=2}}[84][85]
1980–1982 $1.00${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|1.00|1982|r=2}}}} – {{Inflation|US|1.00|1980|r=2}}[85][86]
1982–1984 $1.25${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|1.25|1984|r=2}}}} – {{Inflation|US|1.25|1982|r=2}}[86][87]
1984–1986 $1.50${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|1.50|1985|r=2}}}} – {{Inflation|US|1.50|1986|r=2}}[87][88]
1986–1987 $1.75${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|1.75|1987|r=2}}}} – {{Inflation|US|1.75|1986|r=2}}[88][89]
1987–1989 $2.00${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|2.00|1989|r=2}}}} – {{Inflation|US|2.00|1987|r=2}}[89][90]
1989–1993 $2.50${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|2.50|1993|r=2}}}} – {{Inflation|US|2.50|1989|r=2}}[90][91]
1993–1996 $3.00${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|3.00|1996|r=2}}}} – {{Inflation|US|3.00|1993|r=2}}[91][92]
1996–2003 $3.50${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|3.50|1996|r=2}}}} – {{Inflation|US|3.50|1996|r=2}}[92][93]
2003–2005 $4.00${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|4.00|2005|r=2}}}} – {{Inflation|US|4.000|1996|r=2}}[93][94]
2005–2008 $4.50${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|4.50|2008|r=2}}}} – {{Inflation|US|4.50|2005|r=2}}[94][95]
2008–2010 $5.00${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|5.00|2010|r=2}}}} – {{Inflation|US|5.00|2008|r=2}}[95][96]
2010–2015 $6.50${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|6.50|2015|r=2}}}} – {{Inflation|US|6.50|2010|r=2}} [96][97]
2015–2017 $8.00${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|8.00|2017|r=2}}}} – {{Inflation|US|8.00|2015|r=2}} [98][99]
2017–2019 $8.50${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|8.50|2019|r=2}}}} – {{Inflation|US|8.50|2017|r=2}} [100][101]
April 2019 – present $9.50$9.50 [102][103]
{{-}}

Incidents

A bomb threat to the Throgs Neck Bridge was called on November 23, 1987. The bomb threat was later deemed a hoax.[104]

A truck with faulty brakes ran into the bridge's toll booths on May 31, 1995. The next day, the same truck ran into the tollbooths again. Only the driver was injured.[105]

Early on July 10, 2009, during maintenance work to replace the deck, a construction worker's blow torch sparked a three-alarm fire on the bridge, closing the bridge for most of the day.[106][107] The fire closed the bridge for much of the day, sending traffic in both directions to the nearby Whitestone Bridge.[108] Three southbound lanes and two northbound lanes were quickly reopened,[109] but the third lane remained closed for repairs for a month.[110]

{{wide image|Throgs Neck Bridge pano.jpg|3000px}}{{-}}

See also

  • List of bridges documented by the Historic American Engineering Record in New York

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/downloads/pdf/nyc-bridge-traffic-report-2016.pdf|title=New York City Bridge Traffic Volumes|last=|first=|date=2016|website=|publisher=New York City Department of Transportation|page=11|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|accessdate=March 16, 2018}}
2. ^{{cite web | title=Pedestrian Lane Sought for Verrazano-Narrows Bridge | website=The New York Times | date=October 17, 2014 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/17/nyregion/pedestrian-lane-sought-for-verrazano-narrows-bridge.html | access-date=October 7, 2018}}
3. ^{{cite web | last=Associated Press | title=Advocates Want Verrazano Bridge Pedestrian Path | website=NBC New York | date=October 17, 2014 | url=http://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/Bicycle-Pedestrian-Path-Verrazano-Narrows-Bridge-Staten-Island-Brooklyn-279583532.html | access-date=October 7, 2018}}
4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite news|url=|title=Throgs Neck Bridge Opens New Gateway to Long Island|last=Phillips|first=Dorothy A.|date=January 12, 1961|work=Long Island Star-Journal|pages=1B, 13B|via=Fultonhistory.com}}
5. ^1 {{cite web | last=Jaccarino | first=Mike | title=Throgs Neck Bridge celebrates five decades as Bronx-Queens span | website=New York Daily News | date=January 9, 2011 | url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/queens/throgs-neck-bridge-celebrates-decades-bronx-queens-span-article-1.150954 | access-date=October 8, 2018}}
6. ^1 2 3 4 {{Cite news|url=http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspaper%252014%2FLong%2520Island%2520City%2520NY%2520Star%2520Journal%2FLong%2520Island%2520City%2520NY%2520Star%2520Journal%25201958%2FLong%2520Island%2520City%2520NY%2520Star%2520Journal%25201958%2520-%25202210.pdf|title=Man-Made Island Started in East River|date=March 13, 1958|work=Long Island Star-Journal|pages=1|via=Fultonhistory.com|access-date=October 7, 2018}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/06/07/nyregion/new-york-day-by-day-falcons-observed.html|title=NEW YORK DAY BY DAY; Falcons Observed|last=Johnston|first=Laurie|last2=Anderosn|first2=Susan Heller|date=June 7, 1983|website=The New York Times|access-date=October 8, 2018}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/24/nyregion/24birds.html|title=Top of Throgs Neck Bridge Is Home to Family of Falcons|last=Neuman|first=William|date=May 24, 2007|website=The New York Times|access-date=October 8, 2018}}
9. ^{{google maps|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Throgs+Neck+Bridge/@40.8012489,-73.8108308,14z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x89c2f30d6d419dcd:0xf36aee02667fc81f!8m2!3d40.8012485!4d-73.7933213|title=Throgs Neck Bridge|access-date-October 7, 2018}}
10. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/downloads/pdf/2015-06-08-truck-map-combined.pdf|title=New York City Truck Route Map|last=|first=|date=June 8, 2015|website=nyc.gov|publisher=New York City Department of Transportation|access-date=September 12, 2017}}
11. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://web.mta.info/bandt/traffic/trucker.html|title=Truck/Commercial Vehicle Information|website=Metropolitan Transportation Authority|access-date=October 8, 2018}}
12. ^{{cite news |title=Spell It Throg(g)s Neck And Give or Take One G |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1955/01/17/archives/spell-it-throggs-neck-and-give-or-take-one-g.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=January 17, 1955 |page=18 |accessdate=August 27, 2010}}
13. ^{{cite web | last=Stolz | first=Martin | title=F.Y.I. | website=The New York Times | date=January 4, 1998 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/01/04/nyregion/fyi-883867.html | access-date=October 8, 2018}}
14. ^{{cite web | last=Clarke | first=Erin | title=What's in a Name: How 'The' Bronx Got the 'The' | website=Spectrum News NY1 | New York City | date=June 8, 2015 | url=http://www.ny1.com/nyc/bronx/news/2015/06/7/what-s-in-a-name--how--the--bronx-got-the--the- | access-date=October 8, 2018}}
15. ^{{Cite news|url=http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspaper%252014%2FLong%2520Island%2520City%2520NY%2520Star%2520Journal%2FLong%2520Island%2520City%2520NY%2520Star%2520Journal%25201961%2FLong%2520Island%2520%2520City%2520NY%2520Star%2520Journal%25201961%2520-%25200986.pdf|title=Throgs Span a Dream Come True|date=January 10, 1961|work=Long Island Star-Journal|access-date=October 7, 2018|pages=9|via=Fultonhistory.com}}
16. ^1 {{cite news|title=Cost Is 600 Million: 2 Authorities to Raise Two-Thirds of Funds-Fix 1960 as Goal|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1955/01/17/83347173.pdf|accessdate=February 28, 2017|work=The New York Times|date=January 17, 1955}}
17. ^1 {{Cite news|url=|title=$379 Million Construction Mapped|date=January 17, 1955|work=Long Island Star-Journal|pages=1, 39|via=Fultonhistory.com}}
18. ^{{Cite news|url=http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspaper%252014%2FLong%2520Island%2520City%2520NY%2520Star%2520Journal%2FLong%2520Island%2520City%2520NY%2520Star%2520Journal%25201958%2FLong%2520Island%2520City%2520NY%2520Star%2520Journal%25201958%2520-%25200997.pdf|title=Whitestone Span Traffic Dips|date=February 3, 1958|work=Long Island Star-Journal|pages=5|via=Fultonhistory.com}}
19. ^{{cite web | last=Bennett | first=Charles G. | title=CITY BACKS PLANS FOR $600,000,000 IN ARTERY ROADS; ARTERIAL ROADS GET CITY BACKING Mayor Reports Agreement 'in Principle' With Program Offered by 2 Authorities BUT OBJECTIONS EXIST Estimate Board Is Said to Want Condemnation Power of Port Agency Curbed | website=The New York Times | date=March 22, 1955 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1955/03/22/archives/city-backs-plans-for-600000000-in-artery-roads-arterial-roads-get.html | access-date=October 7, 2018}}
20. ^{{cite web | last=Dales | first=Douglas | title=Bridge-Road Plan for City Is Adopted by Legislature; ROAD-BRIDGE PLAN PASSES IN ALBANY | website=The New York Times | date=April 3, 1955 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1955/04/03/archives/bridgeroad-plan-for-city-is-adopted-by-legislature-roadbridge-plan.html | access-date=October 7, 2018}}
21. ^{{cite news|url=http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspaper%252014%2FLong%2520Island%2520City%2520NY%2520Star%2520Journal%2FLong%2520Island%2520City%2520NY%2520Star%2520Journal%25201956%2FLong%2520Island%2520City%2520NY%2520Star%2520Journal%25201956%2520-%25200546.pdf|title=Legislature Urged to Kill Bridge Projects |date=February 17, 1956|work=Long Island Star-Journal|pages=1|via=Fultonhistory.com|access-date=October 6, 2018}}
22. ^1 {{cite web | title=Queens Approach Agreed On For New Throgs Neck Bridge; Agreement Jointly Announced | website=The New York Times | date=September 26, 1956 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1956/09/26/archives/queens-approach-agreed-on-for-new-throgs-neck-bridge-agreement.html | access-date=October 7, 2018}}
23. ^{{cite news|title=Route Set|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1956/09/26/archives/baby-boy-left-in-car-ridgefield-police-are-seeking-motherchild-in.html|access-date=February 28, 2017|work=The New York Times|date=September 26, 1956}}
24. ^{{cite news|author1=Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority|title=The Facts About The Clearview Expressway|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Newspaper%2014/Long%20Island%20City%20NY%20Star%20Journal/Long%20Island%20City%20NY%20Star%20Journal%201957/Long%20Island%20City%20NY%20Star%20Journal%201957%20-%200104.pdf#xml=http://fultonhistory.com/dtSearch/dtisapi6.dll?cmd=getpdfhits&u=665db749&DocId=4466781&Index=Z%3a%5cIndex%20U%2dF%2dP&HitCount=6&hits=1d+1e+8c+8d+f9+fa+&SearchForm=%2fFulton%5fNew%5fform%2ehtml&.pdf|access-date=February 28, 2017|work=Long Island Star-Journal|via=Fultonhistory.com|date=January 4, 1957|page=7}}
25. ^{{cite web | last=Ingraham | first=Joseph C. | title=STUDY OF TRAFFIC FOR BRIDGE MADE; Triborough and Whitestone Users Questioned to Give Data for Throgs Neck | website=The New York Times | date=April 21, 1955 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1955/04/21/archives/study-of-traffic-for-bridge-made-triborough-and-whitestone-users.html | access-date=October 7, 2018}}
26. ^1 2 {{Cite news|url=http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspaper%252024%2FNew%2520York%2520NY%2520Post%2FNew%2520York%2520NY%2520Post%25201956%2FNew%2520York%2520NY%2520Post%25201956%2520-%25202740.pdf|title=Throggs Neck Span Still a Dream That Needs Cash to Come True|first=Vincent|last=Austin|date=February 19, 1956|work=New York Post|pages=25|via=Fultonhistory.com|access-date=October 6, 2018}}
27. ^{{cite web | last=Ingraham | first=Joseph C. | title=Fund Voted to Start 2 Bridge Projects; PORT BODY ALLOTS CITY ROADS FUNDS Fight Due on Narrows Bridge | website=The New York Times | date=January 11, 1957 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1957/01/11/archives/fund-voted-to-start-2-bridge-projects-port-body-allots-city-roads.html | access-date=October 7, 2018}}
28. ^{{cite web | last=Egan| first=Leo | title=Albany Allots 469 Millions For Highways in City Area; Figures Uncertain for 1960-61 GOVERNOR ALLOTS CITY ROAD FUNDS | website=The New York Times | date=January 21, 1957 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1957/01/21/archives/albany-allots-469-millions-for-highways-in-city-area-figures.html | access-date=October 7, 2018}}
29. ^{{cite web | title=Legislature Gets a Legal Nod to Change Routes of 2 Spans Without City Approval | website=The New York Times | date=March 30, 1957 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1957/03/30/archives/legislature-gets-a-legal-nod-to-change-routes-of-2-spans-without.html | access-date=October 7, 2018}}
30. ^{{cite web | last=Ingraham | first=Joseph C. | title=City Plans to Delay Bridges For Narrows, Throgs Neck; Will Defer Action at Least a Year Because Issue of Home Relocation for Approach Routes Might Stir Election Fight | website=The New York Times | date=March 1, 1957 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1957/04/01/archives/city-plans-to-delay-bridges-for-narrows-throgs-neck-will-defer.html | access-date=October 7, 2018}}
31. ^{{cite news|url=http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspaper%252014%2FLong%2520Island%2520City%2520NY%2520Star%2520Journal%2FLong%2520Island%2520City%2520NY%2520Star%2520Journal%25201957%2FLong%2520Island%2520City%2520NY%2520Star%2520Journal%25201957%2520-%25200328.pdf|title=Tyholland Shore Route Plan|date=January 11, 1957|work=Long Island Star-Journal|pages=3|via=Fultonhistory.com|access-date=October 6, 2018}}
32. ^{{cite news|title=Queens Road Site Still Undecided: But Estimate Board Will Fix Route Today for Disputed Clearview Expressway|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1957/09/19/archives/queens-road-site-still-undecided-but-estimate-board-will-fix-route.html|access-date=February 28, 2017|work=The New York Times|date=September 19, 1957}}
33. ^{{cite news|last1=Crowell|first1=Paul|title=Throgs Neck Span Is Seen In Peril|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1957/05/17/90807407.pdf|accessdate=February 28, 2017|work=The New York Times|date=May 17, 1957}}
34. ^{{cite web | last=Bennett | first=Charles G. | title=SPAN APPROACHES APPROVED BY CITY; Narrows and Throgs Neck Routes Are Advanced by Planning Commission MOSES' PLAN REBUFFED Fourth Ave. Curve Is Deleted in Brooklyn--Alternate Ideas to Be Studied Argue Against Curve Final Action Taken | website=The New York Times | date=June 20, 1957 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1957/06/20/archives/span-approaches-approved-by-city-narrows-and-throgs-neck-routes-are.html | access-date=October 7, 2018}}
35. ^{{cite web | last=Ingraham | first=Joseph C. | title=REVISIONS SLATED IN BRIDGE PLANS; Costs of George Washington, Narrows and Throgs Neck Spans Up $115,000,000 COMPLETION OFF TO 1963 City Planning Commission to Hold Public Hearings for Three Days Next Week Public Hearings Next week Revised Cost Schedule | website=The New York Times | date=May 7, 1957 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1957/05/07/archives/revisions-slated-in-bridge-plans-costs-of-george-washington-narrows.html | access-date=October 7, 2018}}
36. ^{{cite web | last=Bennett | first=Charles G. | title=CITY BOARD BACKS THREE ROAD LINKS; Estimate Unit Passes Initial Routes for Narrows and Throgs Neck Bridges PROPERTY OWNERS FIGHT Decision on Spur in Queens Is Reserved--Full Plan for Brooklyn in Doubt Public Hearings Set Objectors Get Assurance | website=The New York Times | date=July 26, 1957 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1957/07/26/archives/city-board-backs-three-road-links-estimate-unit-passes-initial.html | access-date=October 7, 2018}}
37. ^{{cite web | title=Throgs Neck Bill Passed | website=The New York Times | date=August 24, 1957 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1957/08/24/archives/throgs-neck-bill-passed.html | access-date=October 7, 2018}}
38. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 {{cite book | last=Rastorfer | first=Darl | title=Six Bridges: The Legacy of Othmar H. Ammann | publisher=Yale University Press | series=Six Bridges: The Legacy of Othmar H. Ammann | year=2000 | isbn=978-0-300-08047-6 | chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A51VbeqTwogC&pg=PT177 | access-date=September 18, 2018 | chapter=Chapter 6: The Throgs Neck Bridge }}
39. ^1 2 {{cite web | title=BRIDGE STARTED AT THROGS NECK; Moses and 5 Other Officials Break Ground for First of 3 Traffic-Relief Projects | website=The New York Times | date=October 23, 1957 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1957/10/23/archives/bridge-started-at-throgs-neck-moses-and-5-other-officials-break.html | access-date=October 7, 2018}}
40. ^1 2 {{Cite news|url=|title=Throgs Neck Span Work Starts; Queens-Bronx Link Ready in '61|date=October 22, 1957|work=Long Island Star-Journal|pages=1, 5|via=Fultonhistory.com}}
41. ^{{cite web | title=BIG CONTRACTS LET IN THROGS NECK JOB | website=The New York Times | date=November 16, 1957 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1957/11/16/archives/big-contracts-let-in-throgs-neck-job.html | access-date=October 7, 2018}}
42. ^{{cite web | title=Caisson for Throgs Neck Bridge Eased Up East River | website=The New York Times | date=July 26, 1958 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1958/07/26/archives/caisson-for-throgs-neck-bridge-eased-up-east-river.html | access-date=October 7, 2018}}
43. ^1 2 {{cite web | title=THROGS NECK SPAN GETS FIRST STEEL; 73-Ton Assembly Placed on Concrete Foundation in East River Off Bronx | website=The New York Times | date=April 30, 1959 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1959/04/30/archives/throgs-neck-span-gets-first-steel-73ton-assembly-placed-on-concrete.html | access-date=October 7, 2018}}
44. ^1 {{cite web | title=Throgs Neck Tower Job Finished | website=The New York Times | date=September 19, 1959 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1959/09/19/archives/throgs-neck-tower-job-finished.html | access-date=October 7, 2018}}
45. ^{{Cite news|url=http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspaper%252014%2FLong%2520Island%2520City%2520NY%2520Star%2520Journal%2FLong%2520Island%2520City%2520NY%2520Star%2520Journal%25201958%2FLong%2520Island%2520City%2520NY%2520Star%2520Journal%25201958%2520-%25202210.pdf|title=Expressway And Schools Face Delay |date=October 27, 1959|work=Long Island Star-Journal|pages=1|via=Fultonhistory.com|access-date=October 7, 2018}}
46. ^{{cite web | last=Ingraham | first=Joseph C. | title=Lack of Steel Halts A Bridge Job Here; BRIDGE IS SLOWED BY LACK OF STEEL | website=The New York Times | date=October 27, 1959 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1959/10/27/archives/lack-of-steel-halts-a-bridge-job-here-bridge-is-slowed-by-lack-of.html | access-date=October 7, 2018}}
47. ^{{cite web | title=BRIDGE WIRE PLACED; 1,800-Foot Rope Crosses East River for Throgs Neck Span | website=The New York Times | date=January 12, 1960 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1960/01/12/archives/bridge-wire-placed-1800foot-rope-crosses-east-river-for-throgs-neck.html | access-date=October 7, 2018}}
48. ^{{cite news|url=http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspaper%252014%2FLong%2520Island%2520City%2520NY%2520Star%2520Journal%2FLong%2520Island%2520City%2520NY%2520Star%2520Journal%25201960%2FLong%2520Island%2520City%2520NY%2520Star%2520Journal%25201960%2520c%2520-%25200235.pdf|title=Throgs Neck Bridge To String Cables |date=January 9, 1960|work=Long Island Star-Journal|pages=2|via=Fultonhistory.com|access-date=October 7, 2018}}
49. ^1 2 {{cite web | last=Stengren | first=Bernard | title=SPINNING OF WIRE STARTS ON BRIDGE; Throgs Neck Steel Workers Relearn How to String Suspension Supports | website=The New York Times | date=March 16, 1960 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1960/03/16/archives/spinning-of-wire-starts-on-bridge-throgs-neck-steel-workers-relearn.html | access-date=October 7, 2018}}
50. ^1 2 3 {{cite web | title=Throgs Neck Bridge on Schedule; Last Road Steel Due in 3 Weeks | website=The New York Times | date=July 27, 1960 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1960/07/27/archives/throgs-neck-bridge-on-schedule-last-road-steel-due-in-3-weeks.html | access-date=October 7, 2018}}
51. ^{{cite web | title=BRIDGE JOB ADVANCES; Suspension Span and Viaduct Linked at Throgs Neck | website=The New York Times | date=September 9, 1960 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1960/09/09/archives/bridge-job-advances-suspension-span-and-viaduct-linked-at-throgs.html | access-date=October 7, 2018}}
52. ^1 {{cite news|url=http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspaper%252024%2FNew%2520York%2520NY%2520Post%2FNew%2520York%2520NY%2520Post%25201960%2FNew%2520York%2520NY%2520Post%25201960%2520B%2520-%25200595.pdf|title=Throgs Neck Span May End Tieups at Whitestone Bridge|date=December 29, 1960|work=New York Post|pages=25|via=Fultonhistory.com|access-date=October 6, 2018}}
53. ^{{cite web | title=PAVING AND WIRES COMPLETE BRIDGE; Mayor to Open Crossing at Throgs Neck on Jan. 11 | website=The New York Times | date=December 6, 1960 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1960/12/06/archives/paving-and-wires-complete-bridge-mayor-to-open-crossing-at-throgs.html | access-date=October 7, 2018}}
54. ^1 2 3 {{cite web | last=Phillips | first=McCandlish | title=Throgs Neck Bridge Is Opened To No Pomp and Little Traffic | website=The New York Times | date=January 12, 1961 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1961/01/12/archives/throgs-neck-bridge-is-opened-to-no-pomp-and-little-traffic.html | access-date=October 8, 2018}}
55. ^{{Cite news|url=http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspaper%252014%2FLong%2520Island%2520City%2520NY%2520Star%2520Journal%2FLong%2520Island%2520City%2520NY%2520Star%2520Journal%25201961%2FLong%2520Island%2520%2520City%2520NY%2520Star%2520Journal%25201961%2520-%25201007.pdf|title=Throgs Span, Expressway Open|date=January 11, 1961|work=Long Island Star-Journal|access-date=October 7, 2018|pages=2|via=Fultonhistory.com}}
56. ^{{Cite news|url=http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspaper%252014%2FLong%2520Island%2520City%2520NY%2520Star%2520Journal%2FLong%2520Island%2520City%2520NY%2520Star%2520Journal%25201961%2FLong%2520Island%2520%2520City%2520NY%2520Star%2520Journal%25201961%2520-%25201059.pdf|title=Won't Close Books Now That Road's Open|date=January 11, 1961|work=Long Island Star-Journal|pages=1|via=Fultonhistory.com|access-date=October 7, 2018}}
57. ^{{Cite news|url=http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspaper%252014%2FLong%2520Island%2520City%2520NY%2520Star%2520Journal%2FLong%2520Island%2520City%2520NY%2520Star%2520Journal%25201961%2FLong%2520Island%2520%2520City%2520NY%2520Star%2520Journal%25201961%2520-%25201104.pdf|title=Throgs Span Collects $5,000 on First Day|date=January 13, 1961|work=Long Island Star-Journal|access-date=October 7, 2018|pages=|via=Fultonhistory.com}}
58. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1962/03/31/archives/bridge-use-shows-shift-in-traffic-authority-reports-a-40-decline-in.html|title=BRIDGE USE SHOWS SHIFT IN TRAFFIC; Authority Reports a 40% Decline in Autos Using Whitestone Crossing TRIBOROUGH ALSO LOSES But Year-Old Throgs Neck Span Is So Busy It Will Be Paid For by 1964|last=Stengren|first=Bernard|date=March 31, 1962|website=The New York Times|access-date=October 7, 2018}}
59. ^{{cite news|title=FIRST ROAD FINISHED FOR FAIR COMPLEX|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1963/08/11/89950722.pdf|accessdate=February 28, 2017|work=The New York Times|date=August 11, 1963}}
60. ^{{cite book|title=Nassau Expressway Construction, New York City: Environmental Impact Statement|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bag1AQAAMAAJ&pg=SL9-PA37|accessdate=February 28, 2017|year=1981|publisher=United States Department of Transportation, Federal Transit Administration, New York State Department of Transportation}}
61. ^{{cite map |title=New York with Sight-Seeing Guide |publisher=Esso |cartography=General Drafting |year=1962 |edition=1962}}
62. ^{{cite map |title=New York and New Jersey Tourgide Map |publisher=Gulf Oil Company |cartography=Rand McNally and Company |year=1960}}
63. ^{{cite journal|title=Expressway Plans|journal=Regional Plan News|date=May 1964|issue=73–74|pages=1–18|url=https://archive.org/details/regionalplannews7374regi|accessdate=February 27, 2017|publisher=Regional Plan Association}}
64. ^{{cite news|last1=Ingraham|first1=Joseph C.|title=State Road Plans Snarled By Political Tugs of War; Study of Long-Range Program Linked to National System Finds a Financial Muddle and Lack of Initiative|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1957/03/05/archives/state-road-plans-snarled-by-political-tugs-of-war-study-of.html|accessdate=February 28, 2017|work=The New York Times|date=March 5, 1957}}
65. ^{{cite web|title=Clearview's Tail|url=https://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/clearviews-tail/history|publisher=New York City Department of Parks and Recreation|access-date=February 28, 2017}}
66. ^{{cite news |title=Lower Manhattan Road Killed Under State Plan |first=Francis X. |last=Cliness |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1971/03/25/81936145.pdf |newspaper=The New York Times |date=March 25, 1971 |page=78 |accessdate=April 14, 2010}}
67. ^{{cite book |url=http://www.greaternyroads.info/pdfs/state70.pdf |title=Official Description of Touring Routes in New York State |author=State of New York Department of Transportation |date=January 1, 1970 |accessdate=July 12, 2010}}
68. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/07/18/nyregion/mta-will-fix-road-with-steel-made-overseas.html|title=M.T.A. WILL FIX ROAD WITH STEEL MADE OVERSEAS|last=Goldman|first=Ari L.|date=July 18, 1983|website=The New York Times|access-date=October 8, 2018}}
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71. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/09/24/nyregion/cuomo-orders-aids-steel-mad-in-us.html|title=CUOMO ORDERS AIDS STEEL MAD IN U.S.|last=Gargan|first=Edward A.|date=September 24, 1983|website=The New York Times|access-date=October 8, 2018}}
72. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/24355981/steel_purchase_switch_by_mta/|title=Steel purchase switch by MTA|date=September 24, 1983|work=New York Daily News|access-date=October 8, 2018|page=5|via=Newspapers.com}}
73. ^{{cite web | title=Little Bay Park : NYC Parks | website=New York City Department of Parks & Recreation | date=June 26, 1939 | url=https://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/little-bay-park | access-date=October 8, 2018}}
74. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/01/nyregion/01bridge.html|title=Cracks on Throgs Neck Spur a Daytime Ban on Heavy Trucks|last=Chan|first=Sewell|date=October 1, 2005|newspaper=The New York Times|accessdate=September 2, 2008|quote=The authority has agreed to allow trucks up to 89,000 pounds — slightly higher than the weight limit — on the bridge's two center lanes, the strongest of the six traffic lanes. Under the proposed crackdown, trucks heavier than that may cross the bridge only from 11 p.m. to 5 a.m., and with an escort who will ensure that they are driven slowly, to minimize stress on the bridge. Other traffic would be restricted during such crossings.|authorlink=Sewell Chan}}
75. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/10/nyregion/10mbrfs-bridge.html|title=Limits for Trucks on Bridge|author=The Associated Press|date=August 10, 2007|website=The New York Times|access-date=October 8, 2018}}
76. ^{{cite news |first=Lisa |last=Rein | work=New York Daily News | via=Newspapers.com | date=June 17, 1996 |page=13 | url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/407674870/ |title=Drivers say bridge system not EZ | access-date=October 9, 2018}}
77. ^{{cite web | last=Purdy | first=Matthew | title=Drivers Give Passing Grade To E-Z Pass In Major Test | website=The New York Times | date=August 1, 1996 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/08/22/nyregion/drivers-give-passing-grade-to-e-z-pass-in-major-test.html | access-date=October 1, 2018}}
78. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/03/nyregion/the-sale-of-tokens-ends-at-6-tunnels-and-bridges.html|title=The Sale of Tokens Ends At 6 Tunnels and Bridges|last=Chen|first=David W.|date=February 3, 1998|website=The New York Times|access-date=October 9, 2018}}
79. ^{{cite news |first=Rafael A. |last=Olmeda | work=New York Daily News | via=Newspapers.com | date=March 24, 1998 |page=357 | title=E-ZPass can be a pain in the (Throgs) Neck | url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/24391098/ezpass_can_be_a_pain_in_the_throgs | access-date=October 9, 2018}}
80. ^1 {{cite web | last=Castillo | first=Alfonso A. | title=Cashless tolling arrives at all MTA bridges | website=Newsday | date=October 2, 2017 | url=https://www.newsday.com/long-island/transportation/open-road-tolling-closes-gate-on-era-at-nyc-area-crossings-1.14311902 | access-date=February 16, 2018}}
81. ^1 {{cite web | last=Siff | first=Andrew | title=Automatic Tolls to Replace Gates at 9 NYC Spans: Cuomo | website=NBC New York | date=October 5, 2016 | url=http://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/Automatic-Tolls-Coming-to-New-York-City-Bridges-Tunnels-NYC-396050241.html | accessdate=December 25, 2016}}
82. ^1 {{cite web | author=WABC | title=MTA rolls out cashless toll schedule for bridges, tunnels | website=ABC7 New York | date=December 21, 2016 | url=http://abc7ny.com/1666924/ | accessdate=December 25, 2016}}
83. ^1 {{cite web | last=Prial | first=Frank J. | title=Triborough Tolls Cause Snarls Inside and Outside Cars | website=The New York Times | date=January 7, 1972 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1972/01/07/archives/triborough-tolls-cause-snarls-inside-and-outside-cars.html | access-date=October 29, 2018}}
84. ^1 {{cite web | title=New Fares and Tolls | website=The New York Times | date=September 2, 1975 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/09/02/archives/new-fares-and-tolls.html | access-date=October 29, 2018}}
85. ^1 {{cite web | last=Goldman | first=Ari L. | title=Tolls Are Raised For Two Tunnels And Six Bridges; Will Affect Four Boroughs --Some Trips to Cost $1 Expected to Yield $33 Million Verrazano-Narrows Is Exempt M.T.A. Increases Tolls for 2 Tunnels and 6 Bridges | website=The New York Times | date=May 17, 1980 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1980/05/17/archives/tolls-are-raised-for-two-tunnels-and-six-bridges-will-affect-four.html | access-date=October 29, 2018}}
86. ^1 {{cite web | title=Tolls Rise Tomorrow For Several Crossings | website=The New York Times | date=April 18, 1982 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/04/18/nyregion/tolls-rise-tomorrow-for-several-crossings.html | access-date=October 29, 2018}}
87. ^1 {{cite web | last=Daley | first=Suzanne | title=M.T.A. RAISES FARES AND TOLLS BY 20% ACROSS THE BOARD | website=The New York Times | date=December 17, 1983 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/12/17/nyregion/mta-raises-fares-and-tolls-by-20-across-the-board.html | access-date=October 29, 2018}}
88. ^1 {{cite news | title=Motorists - New Tolls on TBTA Bridges and Tunnels 11:59 PM Weds Jan 1, 1986 |page=245 | work=New York Daily News | via=Newspapers.com | date=December 31, 1985 | url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/24946245/motorists_new_tolls_on_tbta_bridges/ | access-date=October 29, 2018}}
89. ^1 {{cite web | last=Bronstein | first=Scott | title=DRIVERS IRKED BY TOLL RISE AT 5 BRIDGES AND TUNNELS | website=The New York Times | date=February 8, 1987 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/02/08/nyregion/drivers-irked-by-toll-rise-at-5-bridges-and-tunnels.html | access-date=October 29, 2018}}
90. ^1 {{cite web | last=Pitt | first=David E. | title=Toll Increase at Bridges Is Described as Smooth | website=The New York Times | date=July 18, 1989 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/07/18/nyregion/toll-increase-at-bridges-is-described-as-smooth.html | access-date=October 29, 2018}}
91. ^1 {{cite news | title=Commuter Alert |page=9 |work=The Journal-News |location=White Plains, NY | via=Newspapers.com | date=January 30, 1993 | url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/24946889/commuter_alert/ | access-date=October 29, 2018}}
92. ^1 {{cite web | title=Bridge and Tunnel Traffic Smooth as Tolls Rise | website=The New York Times | date=March 26, 1996 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/03/26/nyregion/bridge-and-tunnel-traffic-smooth-as-tolls-rise.html | access-date=October 29, 2018}}
93. ^1 {{cite news | title=Tolls rise on Manhattan bridges and tunnels |page=6A |work=Poughkeepsie Journal |location=Poughkeepsie, NY | via=Newspapers.com | date=May 19, 2003 | url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/24949406/tolls_rise_on_manhattan_bridges_and/ | access-date=October 29, 2018}}
94. ^1 {{cite web | last=Lee | first=Jennifer 8. | title=Bridge-and-Tunnel Blues: Paying More to Cross Over | website=The New York Times | date=March 14, 2005 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/03/14/nyregion/bridgeandtunnel-blues-paying-more-to-cross-over.html | access-date=October 29, 2018}}
95. ^1 {{cite news | title=Toll hikes start on bridges, tunnels |page=12 |work=The Journal-News |location=White Plains, NY | via=Newspapers.com | date=March 16, 2008 | url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/24949691/toll_hikes_start_on_bridges_tunnels/ | access-date=October 29, 2018}}
96. ^1 {{cite web | last=Grynbaum | first=Michael M. | title=M.T.A. Raises Bridge and Tunnel Tolls | website=The New York Times | date=October 28, 2010 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/28/nyregion/28tolls.html | access-date=October 29, 2018}}
97. ^{{cite web|url=http://web.mta.info/bandt/traffic/btmain.html|title=2010 Toll Information|publisher=MTA Bridges & Tunnels|accessdate=May 14, 2010|deadurl=unfit|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514044013/http://www.mta.info/bandt/traffic/btmain.html|archivedate=April 26, 2015|df=mdy-all}}
98. ^{{cite web | title=M.T.A. Is Raising Fares and Tolls; One Subway or Bus Ride Will Cost $2.75 | website=The New York Times | date=January 23, 2015 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/23/nyregion/mta-raises-fares-subways-and-buses.html | access-date=October 29, 2018}}
99. ^{{cite web|url=http://web.mta.info/bandt/traffic/btmain.html|title=2015 Toll Information|publisher=MTA Bridges & Tunnels|accessdate=April 22, 2015|deadurl=unfit|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150422061534/http://web.mta.info:80/bandt/traffic/btmain.html|archivedate=April 26, 2015|df=mdy-all}}
100. ^{{cite web | title=M.T.A. Votes to Raise Fares and Tolls: What You Need to Know | website=The New York Times | date=January 25, 2017 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/25/nyregion/mta-subway-bus-toll-metrocard-fare-increase.html | access-date=March 5, 2019}}
101. ^{{cite web|url=http://web.mta.info/bandt/traffic/btmain.html|title=2017 Toll Information|publisher=MTA Bridges & Tunnels|accessdate=March 16, 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170426225055/http://web.mta.info/bandt/traffic/btmain.html|archivedate=April 26, 2017|df=mdy-all}}
102. ^{{cite web | title=Subway Fares Are Rising Again. But That Won’t Solve the M.T.A.’s Crisis. | website=The New York Times | date=February 27, 2019 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/27/nyregion/mta-fares-hike.html | access-date=March 5, 2019}}
103. ^1 {{cite web | title=New Fares and Tolls Take Effect | website=MTA | date=February 27, 2019 | url=https://new.mta.info/sites/default/files/2019-03/B%26T_toll_tables_03-01-19.pdf | access-date=March 5, 2019}}
104. ^{{cite web | title=Throgs Neck Bridge Closed After a Call About Dynamite | website=The New York Times | date=November 23, 1987 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/11/23/nyregion/throgs-neck-bridge-closed-after-a-call-about-dynamite.html | access-date=October 8, 2018}}
105. ^{{cite news |first=Chris |last=Oliver | work=New York Daily News | via=Newspapers.com | date=May 1, 1995 | page=5 | url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/24390762/truck_runs_amok_give_us_a_brake/ |title=Truck runs amok - give us a brake! | access-date=October 9, 2018}}
106. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.newsday.com/news/fdny-worker-s-blow-torch-started-throgs-neck-fire-1.1307710 |title=FDNY: Worker's blow torch started Throgs Neck fire |newspaper=Newsday |location=Long Island |last=Frazier |first=Michael |date=July 13, 2009 |accessdate=August 6, 2009}}
107. ^{{cite news|title=Throgs Neck Bridge Fire Reveals Fragility of New York's Travel Network |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/22/nyregion/22bridges.html |newspaper=The New York Times |last=Akam |first=Simon |date=July 21, 2009 |accessdate=August 6, 2009}}
108. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/ny_local/2009/07/10/2009-07-10_throgs_neck_bridge_closed_in_both_directions_due_to_fire.html |title=Throgs Neck Bridge fire causes commuter chaos |newspaper=Daily News |location=New York |last=Cruz |first=Wil |date=July 10, 2009 |accessdate=August 6, 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090714115424/http://www.nydailynews.com/ny_local/2009/07/10/2009-07-10_throgs_neck_bridge_closed_in_both_directions_due_to_fire.html |archivedate=July 14, 2009 |df=mdy-all }}
109. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.nypost.com/seven/07112009/news/regionalnews/blaze_wrings_throgs_neck_178692.htm |title=Blaze Wrings Throgs Neck |newspaper=New York Post |last=Namako |first=Tom |date=July 11, 2009 |accessdate=August 6, 2009}}
110. ^{{cite news |title=Throgs Neck Bridge Opens By Aug. 10 |url=http://www.qgazette.com/news/2009/0722/features/014.html |newspaper=The Queens Gazette |last=Wilson |first=Linda |date=July 22, 2009 |accessdate=August 6, 2009}}

External links

{{Commons category|Throgs Neck Bridge}}
  • {{official|http://web.mta.info/bandt/html/throgs.htm}}
  • Throgs Neck Bridge at nycroads.com
  • {{HAER |survey=NY-306 |id=ny1807 |title=Throgs Neck Bridge, Spans East River from Queens to Bronx, Throgs Neck, Bronx County, NY |photos=16 |cap=2}}
  • {{Structurae |id=20000534 |title=Throgs Neck Bridge}}
{{NYC Bridge}}{{Crossings navbox
|structure = Crossings
|place = East River
|bridge = Throgs Neck Bridge
|bridge signs =
|upstream = Long Island Sound
|upstream signs =
|downstream = Bronx Whitestone Bridge
|downstream signs =
}}

16 : Suspension bridges in New York City|Toll bridges in New York City|Bridges completed in 1961|Robert Moses projects|Bridges over the East River|Historic American Engineering Record in New York City|Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority|Tolled sections of Interstate Highways|Bridges in the Bronx|Road bridges in New York City|Bridges by Othmar Ammann|Bayside, Queens|Bridges on the Interstate Highway System|Bridges in Queens, New York|Bridges in New York City|Throggs Neck, Bronx
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