| 词条 | Thurn und Taxis |
| 释义 |
|native_name = Grafschaft Thurn und Taxis |conventional_long_name = County of Thurn and Taxis |common_name = Thurn und Taxis | |era = Middle Ages Early modern period |status = Vassal |empire = Holy Roman Empire |government_type = Principality | |year_start = 1608 |year_end = 1806 | |event_pre = Raised to Briefadel |date_pre = 1512 |event_start = Raised to Reichsfreiherren |date_start = |event1 = Hereditary Imperial Postmaster General |date_event1 = 1615 |event2 = Raised to County |date_event2 = 1624 |event3 = Granted princely rank (Spanish Court) |date_event3 = 1681 |event4 = Princely county |date_event4 = 1695 |event_end = Mediatised to {{spaces|4}}Bavaria |date_end = |event_post = Postal monopoly {{spaces|4}}nationalised |date_post = 1867 | |p1 = |flag_p1 = |image_p1 = |s1 = Kingdom of Bavaria |flag_s1 = Flag of Bavaria (lozengy).svg | |image_flag = |image_coat = Wappen Thurn und Taxis.svg |image_map = |image_map_caption = | |capital = Regensburg |footnotes = }} The Princely House of Thurn and Taxis ({{lang-de|link=no|Fürstenhaus Thurn und Taxis}} {{IPA-de|ˈtuːɐ̯n ʊnt ˈtaksɪs|}}) is a family of German nobility that is part of the Briefadel. It was a key player in the postal services in Europe during the 16th century, until the end of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, and became well known as the owner of breweries and builder of many castles. The current head of the house is HSH Albert II, 12th Prince of Thurn and Taxis. The family is one of the wealthiest in Germany and has resided at St. Emmeram Castle in Regensburg since 1748. History{{see also|Compagnia dei Corrieri|Kaiserliche Reichspost|Thurn-und-Taxis Post}}The Tasso family (from the Italian word for "badger") was a Lombard family in the area of Bergamo. The earliest records place them in Almenno in the Val Brembana around 1200[1] before they fled to the more distant village of Cornello to escape feuding between Bergamo's Guelf Colleoni and the Ghibelline Suardi families. Around 1290,[2] after Milan had conquered Bergamo, Omodeo Tasso organized 32 of his relatives into the Company of Couriers (Compagnia dei Corrieri) and linked Milan with Venice and Rome.[3] The recipient of royal and papal patronage, his post riders were so comparatively efficient that they became known as bergamaschi throughout Italy.[4] Ruggiero de Tassis was named to the court of the emperor Frederick the Peaceful in 1443. He organized a post system between Bergamo and Vienna by 1450;[2] from Innsbruck to Italy and Styria around 1460; and Vienna with Brussels around 1480.[2] Upon his success, Ruggiero was knighted and made a gentleman of the Chamber.[4][5] Jannetto de Tassis was appointed Chief Master of Postal Services at Innsbruck in 1489. Philip of Burgundy elevated Janetto's brother Francisco de Tassis (Italian) to captain of his post in 1502.[9] Owing to a payment dispute with Philip, Francisco opened his post to public use in 1506.[2] By 1516, Francisco had moved the family to Brussels in the Duchy of Brabant, where they became instrumental to Habsburg rule, linking the rich Habsburg Netherlands to the Spanish court.[6] The normal route passed through France, but a secondary route across the Alps to Genoa was available in times of hostility. The name Thurn und Taxis arose from the translation into German of the family's French title (de La Tour et Tassis or de Tour et Taxis). Charles V named Giovanni Battista de Tassis as master of his post in 1520; Maximilian I expanded their network throughout the Holy Roman Empire.[7] In 1624, the family were elevated to grafen ("counts") and they formally adopted the German form of their name in 1650. They were named "princely" in 1695 at the behest of Emperor Leopold I. The family operated the Thurn-und-Taxis Post, successor to the Imperial Reichspost of the Holy Roman Empire, between 1806 and 1867. Their postal service was gradually lost over the centuries, with the Spanish network being bought by the crown in the 18th century and the German post being purchased by Prussia after the fall of the Free City of Frankfurt in 1866. The family seat was established in Regensburg, Germany, and has remained at St. Emmeram Castle there since 1748. Rainer Maria Rilke wrote his Duino Elegies while visiting Princess Marie of Thurn and Taxis (née Princess of Hohenlohe) at her family's Duino Castle. Rilke later dedicated his only novel (The Notebooks of Malte Laurids Brigge) to the princess, who was his patroness. Princess Marie's relation to Regensburg's Thurn and Taxis family is rather distant, however – she was married to Prince Alexander of Thurn and Taxis, a member of the family's Czech branch that in the early 19th century settled in Bohemia (now the Czech Republic) and became strongly connected to Czech national culture and history. Several members of the family have been Knights of Malta. Until 1919, the titles of the respective head of the princely house were Seine Durchlaucht der Fürst von Thurn und Taxis, Fürst zu Buchau und Fürst von Krotoszyn, Herzog zu Wörth und Donaustauf, gefürsteter Graf zu Friedberg-Scheer, Graf zu Valle-Sássina, auch zu Marchtal, Neresheim usw., Erbgeneralpostmeister (His Highness the Prince of Thurn and Taxis, Prince of Buchau and Prince of Krotoszyn, Duke of Wörth and Donaustauf, Count of Friedberg-Scheer, Count of Valle-Sássina, Marchtal, Neresheim etc., Hereditary Postmaster General).[8] The current head of the house of Thurn and Taxis is HSH Albert II, 12th Prince of Thurn and Taxis, son of Johannes and his wife, Gloria. The family is one of the wealthiest in Germany. The family's brewery was sold to the Paulaner Group of Munich in 1996, but it still produces beer under the brand of Thurn und Taxis. Princes of Thurn and Taxis{{Thurn und Taxis}}{{Tree list}}
The Thurn and Taxis family came to massive media attention during the late 1970s through mid-1980s when the late Prince Johannes married Countess Mariae Gloria of Schönburg-Glauchau, a member of an impoverished but mediatized noble family. The couple's wild, "jet set" lifestyle and Princess Gloria's over-the-top appearance (characterized by bright hair colours and avant-garde clothes) earned her the nickname of "Princess TNT".[9] Cultural references
See also
References and sources
1. ^Serassi, Pierantonio. La vita di Torquato Tasso, [https://books.google.com/books?id=oyelJXnKmZoC&pg=PA4 pp. 4 ff]. Pagliarini, 1785. Retrieved 2 October 2013. {{it icon}} 2. ^1 2 3 The Encyclopedia Americana: The International Reference Work, Vol. 25, [https://books.google.com/books?id=em4rAQAAMAAJ&q=omedio+tassis p. 476]. Utgiver Americana Corporation, 1958. Retrieved 3 October 2013. 3. ^Turismo Lombardia. "Il Borgo di Camerata Cornello dei Tasso {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004215436/http://www.turismo-lombardia.com/il-borgo-di-camerata-cornello-dei-tasso.html |date=2013-10-04 }}". Retrieved 3 October 2013. {{it icon}} 4. ^1 López Jurado, Luis Felipe. Prefilatelia de Murcia: Historia Postal del Reino de Murcia desde 1569 hasta 1861, pp. 26 ff. "[https://books.google.com/books?id=_ld3hUtoBeoC&pg=PA26 La Familia Tassis]". Editora Regional de Murcia, 2006. Retrieved 3 October 2013. {{es icon}} 5. ^Le Folklore Brabancon, [https://books.google.com/books?ei=JvVMUtzFKOmRiQfsioCADQ&hl=no&id=aGvwAAAAMAAJ&q=ruggiero p. 372].(Brabant), 1981. Retrieved 3 October 2013. {{fr icon}} 6. ^1 Papadopoulos, A.G. Urban Regimes and Strategies: Building Europe's Central Executive District in Brussels (University of Chicago Press, 1996), [https://books.google.com/books?id=LpRVg5qygc4C&pg=PA41 p. 41]. Retrieved 3 October 2013. 7. ^McRobbie, L. R. Gute Prinzessinnen kommen ins Märchen, böse schreiben Geschichte: Von Olga, der Wilden, über Kaiserin Sisi bis zu Gloria von Thurn und Taxis. BTB Verlag, 2014. 8. ^Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Fürstliche Häuser. Band XV, Limburg/Lahn 1997, S. 474. 9. ^Princess TNT {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071026064449/http://www.vanityfair.com/fame/features/2006/06/princesstnt200606 |date=26 October 2007 }} (also referred to as "Princess TNT, the dynamite socialite") according to the June 2006 edition of Vanity Fair Magazine).
External links{{commonscat|Thurn und Taxis family}}
9 : 1608 establishments in the Holy Roman Empire|1806 disestablishments in the Holy Roman Empire|States and territories established in 1608|Thurn and Taxis|Postal organizations|Knights of Malta|Electoral Rhenish Circle|Postal history of Germany|States and territories disestablished in 1806 |
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