| 释义 |
- History
- Geography
- Government Administrative divisions Urban areas
- Demography Religion
- Human rights
- Towns and villages in Tibet "Comfortable Housing"
- Economy
- Tourism
- Transport Airports Railway
- See also
- References
- Further reading
- External links
{{about|the administrative region of China|the ethno-cultural region|Tibet|other uses|Tibet (disambiguation)}}{{Use dmy dates |date = January 2015}}{{Infobox settlement
|name = {{raise|0.2em|Tibet Autonomous Region
Xizang Autonomous Region}}
|native_name = {{lower|0.3em|{{nobold|Tibetan: {{bo-textonly|བོད་རང་སྐྱོང་ལྗོངས།}}}}}}
{{lower|0.5em|{{nobold|Chinese: {{lang|zh-hans|西藏自治区}}}}}}
|settlement_type = Autonomous region
|translit_lang1 = Chinese
|translit_lang1_type = {{nobold|Chinese characters}}
|translit_lang1_info = {{lang|zh-hans|西藏自治区}}
{{small|(abbreviation: XZ / {{lang|zh-hans|藏}})}}
|translit_lang1_type1 = {{nobold|Pinyin}}
|translit_lang1_info1 = {{transl|zh|Xīzàng Zìzhìqū}}
{{small|(abbreviation: {{transl|zh|Zàng}})}}
Tsang
|translit_lang2 = Tibetan
|translit_lang2_type = {{nobold|Tibetan script}}
|translit_lang2_info = {{bo-textonly|བོད་རང་སྐྱོང་ལྗོངས།}}
|translit_lang2_type1 = {{nobold|Wylie transliteration}}
|translit_lang2_info1 = {{transl|bo|bod rang skyong ljongs}}
|translit_lang2_type2 = {{nobold|{{small|official transcription (PRC)}}}}
|translit_lang2_info2 = {{transl|bo|Poi Ranggyong Jong}}
|image_map = Tibet in China (claimed hatched) (+all claims hatched).svg
|mapsize = 275px
|map_caption = {{longitem |style = line-height: 1.1em; |Map showing the location of the Tibet Autonomous Region}}
|named_for = {{bo-textonly|བོད་}} (Bö) is the Tibetan name of the Greater Tibet region.
{{lang|zh|西藏}} ({{transl|zh|Xīzàng}}) means "Western Tsang", from Manchu "wargi Dzang", from Tibetan Ü-Tsang. Ü and Tsang are subregions of Greater Tibet.
"Tibet" is from the word Tibat of disputed origin.
|seat_type = Capital
{{nobold|(and largest city)}}
|seat = Lhasa
|seat1_type =
|seat1 =
|parts_type = Divisions
|parts_style = para
|parts =
|p1 = 5 prefecture-level cities
|leader_title = Party Secretary
|leader_name = Wu Yingjie
|leader_title1 = Chairman
|leader_name1 = Che Dalha
|area_footnotes = [1]
|area_total_km2 = 1228400
|area_rank = 2nd
|elevation_max_m = 8,848
|elevation_max_point = Mount Everest
|population_total = 3,180,000
|population_as_of = December 2014
|population_footnotes = [2]
|population_density_km2 = 2.59
|population_rank = 32nd
|population_density_rank = 33rd
|demographics_type1 = Demographics
|demographics1_footnotes = {{Further|List of populated places in the Tibet Autonomous Region}} "Comfortable Housing" Beginning in 2006, 280,000 Tibetans who lived in traditional villages and as nomadic herdsmen have been forcefully relocated into villages and towns. In those areas new housing was built and existing houses were remodelled to serve a total of 2 million people. Those living in substandard housing were required to dismantle their houses and remodel them to government standards. Much of the expense was borne by the residents themselves often through bank loans. The population transfer program, which was first implemented in Qinghai where 300,000 nomads were resettled, is called "Comfortable Housing". which is part of the “Build a New Socialist Countryside” program. Its effect on Tibetan culture has been criticized by exiles and human rights groups.[50] Finding employment is difficult for relocated persons who have only agrarian skills. Income shortfalls are offset by government support programs.[51] It was announced in 2011 that 20,000 Communist Party cadres were to be placed in the new towns.[50] Economy {{Main|Economy of Tibet}}The Tibetans traditionally depended upon agriculture for survival. Since the 1980s, however, other jobs such as taxi-driving and hotel retail work have become available in the wake of Chinese economic reform. In 2011, Tibet's nominal GDP topped 60.5 billion yuan (US$9.60 billion), nearly more than seven times as big as the 11.78 billion yuan (US$1.47 billion) in 2000. Economic growth since the beginning of the 21st century has averaged over 10 percent a year.[32] While traditional agriculture and animal husbandry continue to lead the area's economy, in 2005 the tertiary sector contributed more than half of its GDP growth, the first time it surpassed the area's primary industry.[52][53] Rich reserves of natural resources and raw materials have yet to lead to the creation of a strong secondary sector, due in large part to the province's inhospitable terrain, low population density, an underdeveloped infrastructure and the high cost of extraction.[32] The collection of caterpillar fungus (Cordyceps sinensis, known in Tibetan as Yartsa Gunbu) in late spring / early summer is in many areas the most important source of cash for rural households. It contributes an average of 40% to rural cash income and 8.5% to the TAR's GDP.[54] The re-opening of the Nathu La pass (on southern Tibet's border with India) should facilitate Sino-Indian border trade and boost Tibet's economy.[55] In 2008, Chinese news media reported that the per capita disposable incomes of urban and rural residents in Tibet averaged 12,482 yuan (US$1,798) and 3,176 yuan (US$457) respectively.[56] The China Western Development policy was adopted in 2000 by the central government to boost economic development in western China, including the Tibet Autonomous Region. - Lhasa Economic and Technological Development Zone
Tourism Foreign tourists were first permitted to visit the Tibet Autonomous Region in the 1980s. While the main attraction is the Potala Palace in Lhasa, there are many other popular tourist destinations including the Jokhang Temple, Namtso Lake, and Tashilhunpo Monastery.[57] Nonetheless, tourism in Tibet is still restricted for non-Chinese passport holders and Taiwan citizens, and presently the only way for foreigners to enter is via Tibet Entry Permit. The permit can only be obtained through a travel agency in Tibet, and travel in Tibet must be arranged in a group tour, in which the group must be accompanied by a licensed tour guide at all times. Those traveling into Tibet must specify every location they want to travel within the TAR, and thus cannot travel anywhere not specified in the application. Before entering on a train, plane, or road leading into Tibet, anyone without a Chinese passport must present the Tibet Entry Permit, or they will otherwise be denied entry. People barred from obtaining the permit are journalists, diplomats, professional media photographers, and government officials.[58] Transport Airports The civil airports in Tibet are Lhasa Gonggar Airport,[59] Qamdo Bangda Airport, Nyingchi Airport, and the Gunsa Airport. Gunsa Airport in Ngari Prefecture began operations on 1 July 2010, to become the fourth civil airport in China's Tibet Autonomous Region.[60]The Peace Airport for Xigazê was opened for civilian use on 30 October 2010.[61] Nagqu Dagring Airport is expected to become the world's highest altitude airport by 2014 at 4,436 meters above sea level.[62] Railway The Qinghai–Tibet Railway from Golmud to Lhasa was completed on 12 October 2005. It opened to regular trial service on 1 July 2006. Five pairs of passenger trains run between Golmud and Lhasa, with connections onward to Beijing, Chengdu, Chongqing, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Xining and Lanzhou. The line includes the Tanggula Pass, which, at 5,072 m (16,640 ft) above sea level, is the world's highest railway. The Lhasa–Xigazê Railway branch from Lhasa to Xigazê was completed in 2014. It opened to regular service on 15 August 2014. The planned China–Nepal railway will connect Xigazê to Kathmandu, capital of Nepal, and is expected to be completed around 2027.[63] The construction of the Sichuan–Tibet Railway began in 2015. The line is expected to be completed around 2025.[64] See also {{Portal|Geography||Asia||China|Tibet|Himalayas}}- China Tibetology Research Center
- History of Tibet (1950–present)
- Kazara
- List of prisons in the Tibet Autonomous Region
- List of universities and colleges in Tibet
- Tibet Area, Republic of China
- Tibetan Independence Movement
- Sinicization of Tibet
- Shigatse Photovoltaic Power Plant
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5. ^"What is Tibet? – Fact and Fancy", Excerpt from {{cite book |last = Goldstein |first = Melvyn, C. |title = Change, Conflict and Continuity among a Community of Nomadic Pastoralist: A Case Study from Western Tibet, 1950–1990 |year = 1994 |pages = 76–87}}
6. ^Wylie (2003), 470.
7. ^Wang & Nyima (1997), 1–40.
8. ^Laird (2006), 106–7.
9. ^Grunfeld, A. Tom, The Making of Modern Tibet, M.E. Sharpe, p245.
10. ^Gyatso, Tenzin, Dalai Lama XIV, interview, 25 July 1981.
11. ^Goldstein, Melvyn C., A History of Modern Tibet, 1913–1951, University of California Press, 1989, p. 812-813.
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14. ^{{cite book |title = Tibetan Geography |pages = 30–31 |publisher = China Intercontinental Press |isbn = 978-7-5085-0665-4 |url = https://books.google.com/?id=4q_XoMACOxkC&pg=PA30&dq=%22South+Tibet+Valley%22 |last1 = Yang |first1 = Qinye |last2 = Zheng |first2=Du |year=2004}}
15. ^Zheng Du, Zhang Qingsong, Wu Shaohong: Mountain Geoecology and Sustainable Development of the Tibetan Plateau (Kluwer 2000), {{ISBN|0-7923-6688-3}}, p. 312;
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21. ^1 2 {{cite book |author={{lang|zh-hans|国务院人口普查办公室、国家统计局人口和社会科技统计司编}} |date=2012 |script-title=zh:中国2010年人口普查分县资料 |location=Beijing |publisher=China Statistics Print |page= |isbn=978-7-5037-6659-6 }}
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25. ^{{cite web|script-title=ja:1947年全国人口|url=http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo5.htm|accessdate=6 March 2014|title=Archived copy|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130913053600/http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo5.htm#|archive-date=13 September 2013|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
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27. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16768.htm |script-title=zh:第二次全国人口普查结果的几项主要统计数字|publisher=National Bureau of Statistics of China|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120914173158/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16768.htm|archivedate=14 September 2012|df=dmy-all}}
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30. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020331_15435.htm |script-title=zh:现将2000年第五次全国人口普查快速汇总的人口地区分布数据公布如下|publisher=National Bureau of Statistics of China|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120829052024/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020331_15435.htm|archivedate=29 August 2012|df=dmy-all}}
31. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/newsandcomingevents/t20110429_402722516.htm|title=Communiqué of the National Bureau of Statistics of People's Republic of China on Major Figures of the 2010 Population Census|publisher=National Bureau of Statistics of China|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130727021210/http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/newsandcomingevents/t20110429_402722516.htm|archivedate=27 July 2013|df=dmy-all}}
32. ^1 2 [https://archive.is/20140422163330/http://thechinaperspective.com-data-map.eu/topics/province/tibet-autonomous-region/ China Economy @ China Perspective]. Thechinaperspective.com. Retrieved on 18 July 2013.
33. ^{{cite web |last1 = Wang |first = Guanqun |title = Tibet's population tops three million; 90% are Tibetans |url = http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2011-05/04/c_13858686.htm |website = news.xinhuanet.com |publisher = Xinhua |accessdate = 2011-05-04 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110513202105/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2011-05/04/c_13858686.htm# |archive-date = 13 May 2011 |dead-url = no |df = dmy-all }}
34. ^1 {{cite web |script-title=zh:西藏自治区常住人口超过300万 |url = http://www.xizang.gov.cn/rkmz/51886.jhtml |website = Xizang gov |publisher = Xizang gov |accessdate = 2011-05-06 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20130216101632/http://www.xizang.gov.cn/rkmz/51886.jhtml |archivedate = 16 February 2013 |df = dmy-all }}
35. ^Hannue, Dialogues Tibetan Dialogues Han
36. ^LHASA (LIIASSA, LASSA,... – Online Information article about LHASA (LIIASSA, LASSA {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118043232/http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/LEO_LOB/LHASA_LIIASSA_LASSA_Gods_ground.html# |date=18 January 2012 }}. Encyclopedia.jrank.org. Retrieved on 18 July 2013.
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38. ^{{Cite book |last = Grunfeld |first = A. Tom |title = The Making of Modern Tibet |pages = 114–119 |year = 1996 |publisher = East Gate Books}}
39. ^{{cite web |last = Johnson |first = Tim |url = http://www.mcclatchydc.com/homepage/story/31913.html |title = Tibetans see 'Han invasion' as spurring violence | McClatchy |publisher = Mcclatchydc.com |date = 28 March 2008 |accessdate = 11 October 2011 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20091115110855/http://www.mcclatchydc.com/homepage/story/31913.html |archivedate = 15 November 2009 |df = dmy-all }}
40. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.tibet.net/en/print.php?id=236&articletype=articale |publisher = Central Tibetan Administration |title = Population Transfer Programmes |year = 2003 |accessdate = 29 July 2010 |archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/5rbC9I6bP?url=http://www.tibet.net/en/print.php?id=236&articletype=articale |archivedate = 30 July 2010 |deadurl = yes |df = dmy-all }}
41. ^1 2 [https://www.state.gov/documents/organization/208434.pdf Internazional Religious Freedom Report 2012] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170504011944/https://www.state.gov/documents/organization/208434.pdf# |date=4 May 2017 }} by the US government. p. 20: «Most ethnic Tibetans practice Tibetan Buddhism, although a sizeable minority practices Bon, an indigenous religion, and very small minorities practice Islam, Catholicism, or Protestantism. Some scholars estimate that there are as many as 400,000 Bon followers across the Tibetan Plateau. Scholars also estimate that there are up to 5,000 ethnic Tibetan Muslims and 700 ethnic Tibetan Catholics in the TAR.»
42. ^1 Min Junqing. The Present Situation and Characteristics of Contemporary Islam in China. JISMOR, 8. [https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/duar/repository/ir/18185/r002000080004.pdf 2010 Islam by province, page 29] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170427140204/https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/duar/repository/ir/18185/r002000080004.pdf# |date=27 April 2017 }}. Data from: Yang Zongde, Study on Current Muslim Population in China, Jinan Muslim, 2, 2010.
43. ^{{cite web |author1=Te-Ming TSENG |author2=Shen-Yu LIN |url=http://www.eastasia.ntu.edu.tw/chinese/data/4-2/4-2-7/4-2-7.pdf |trans-title=The Image of Confucius in Tibetan Culture |script-title=zh:《臺灣東亞文明研究學刊》第4卷第2期（總第8期） |date=December 2007 |pages=169–207 |website=National Taiwan University |format=pdf |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304104518/http://www.eastasia.ntu.edu.tw/chinese/data/4-2/4-2-7/4-2-7.pdf |archivedate=4 March 2016 |df=dmy-all }}
44. ^Shenyu Lin. The Tibetan Image of Confucius {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170913230941/http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/ret/pdf/ret_12_07.pdf |date=13 September 2017 }}. Revue d’Etudes Tibétaines.
45. ^China-Tibet Online: Confucius ruled as a "divine king" in Tibet{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. 2014-11-04
46. ^World Guangong Culture: Lhasa, Tibet: Guandi temple was inaugurated {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090522/http://www.guangong.hk/English/wenhua/std.asp?ID=2145# |date=4 March 2016 }}.
47. ^China-Tibet Online: Tibet's largest Guandi Temple gets repaired{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. 2013-03-13
48. ^World Guangong Culture: Dingri, Tibet: Cornerstone Laying Ceremony being Grandly Held for the Reconstruction of Qomolangma Guandi Temple {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107214706/http://www.guangong.hk/English/wenhua/std.asp?ID=2454# |date=7 November 2017 }}.
49. ^World Guangong Culture: Wuhan, China: Yang Song Meets Cui Yujing to Discuss Qomolangma Guandi Temple {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304094252/http://www.guangong.hk/English/wenhua/std.asp?ID=2456# |date=4 March 2016 }}.
50. ^1 {{cite web |title = "They Say We Should Be Grateful": Mass Rehousing and Relocation Programs in Tibetan Areas of China |url = https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/tibet0613_brochure_web.pdf |publisher = Human Rights Watch |accessdate = 28 June 2013 |date = June 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130712004949/http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/tibet0613_brochure_web.pdf# |archive-date = 12 July 2013 |dead-url = no |df = dmy-all }}
51. ^{{cite news |title = Rights Report Faults Mass Relocation of Tibetans |url = https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/28/world/asia/rights-report-faults-mass-relocation-of-tibetans.html |accessdate = 28 June 2013 |newspaper = The New York Times |date = 27 June 2013 |authorlink = Andrew Jacobs (journalist) |first = Andrew |last = Jacobs |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130627170328/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/28/world/asia/rights-report-faults-mass-relocation-of-tibetans.html# |archive-date = 27 June 2013 |dead-url = no |df = dmy-all }}
52. ^{{cite web |url = http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-01/31/content_4121797.htm |title = Xinhua – Per capita GDP tops $1,000 in Tibet |website = news.xinhuanet.com |publisher = Xinhua |date = 31 January 2006 |accessdate = 11 October 2011 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110609200828/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-01/31/content_4121797.htm |archivedate = 9 June 2011 |df = dmy-all }}
53. ^{{cite web |url = http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-01/31/content_4121796.htm |title = Tibet posts fixed assets investment rise |website = news.xinhuanet.com |publisher = Xinhua |date = 31 January 2006 |accessdate = 11 October 2011 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110609200853/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-01/31/content_4121796.htm |archivedate = 9 June 2011 |df = dmy-all }}
54. ^Winkler D. 2008 Yartsa gunbu (Cordyceps sinenis) and the fungal commodification of rural Tibet. Economic Botany 62.3. See also Hannue, Dialogues Tibetan Dialogues Han
55. ^{{cite news |author = Maseeh Rahman in New Delhi |url = https://www.theguardian.com/china/story/0,,1801322,00.html |title = China and India to trade across Himalayas | World news |publisher = The Guardian |date = 19 June 2006 |accessdate = 11 October 2011 |location = London}}
56. ^{{cite web |url = http://news.nen.com.cn/guoneiguoji/280/3349280.shtml |title = Tibetans report income rises |publisher = news.nen.com.cn |date = |accessdate = 11 October 2011 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110721172024/http://news.nen.com.cn/guoneiguoji/280/3349280.shtml# |archive-date = 21 July 2011 |dead-url = no |df = dmy-all }}
57. ^* Birgit Zotz, Destination Tibet. Hamburg: Kovac 2010, {{ISBN|978-3-8300-4948-7}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117194517/http://d-nb.info/999787640/04# |date=17 January 2012 }}
58. ^{{Cite web |title = In-depth Guide of How to get to Tibet |url = http://www.tibettravel.org/how-to-get-to-tibet/ |website = www.tibettravel.org |accessdate = 2016-01-18 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160119003751/http://www.tibettravel.org/how-to-get-to-tibet/# |archive-date = 19 January 2016 |dead-url = no |df = dmy-all }}
59. ^{{cite web|url = http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-05/12/content_11357826.htm|title = Gongkhar Airport in Tibet enters digital communication age|publisher = Xinhua News Agency|date = 12 May 2009|accessdate = 12 December 2010|deadurl = yes|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20101215123315/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-05/12/content_11357826.htm|archivedate = 15 December 2010|df = dmy-all}}
60. ^{{cite web |url = http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2010-07/01/c_13378773.htm |title = Tibet's fourth civil airport opens |publisher = Xinhua News Agency |date = 1 July 2010 |accessdate = 11 December 2010 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20101214214139/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2010-07/01/c_13378773.htm |archivedate = 14 December 2010 |df = dmy-all }}
61. ^{{cite web |url = http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-07/26/content_11773529.htm |title = Tibet to have fifth civil airport operational before year end 2010 |publisher = Xinhua News Agency |date = 26 July 2010 |accessdate = 12 December 2010 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20101215143139/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-07/26/content_11773529.htm |archivedate = 15 December 2010 |df = dmy-all }}
62. ^{{cite web |url = http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2010-01/12/content_12796690.htm |title = World's highest-altitude airport planned on Tibet |website = news.xinhuanet.com |publisher = Xinhua News Agency |date = 12 January 2010 |accessdate = 12 December 2010 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20101215143150/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2010-01/12/content_12796690.htm |archivedate = 15 December 2010 |df = dmy-all }}
63. ^{{cite news |last1=Giri |first1=A |last2=Giri |first2=S |title=Nepal, China agree on rail study |url=http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/news/2018-08-24/nepal-china-agree-on-rail-study.html |accessdate=22 September 2018 |publisher=The Kathmandu Post |date=24 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180922211439/http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/news/2018-08-24/nepal-china-agree-on-rail-study.html# |archive-date=22 September 2018 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}
64. ^{{cite web |last = Chu |title = China Approves New Railway for Tibet |url = http://english.cri.cn/12394/2014/10/31/3685s850380.htm |website = english.cri.cn |publisher = CRI |accessdate = 9 November 2014 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141109220511/http://english.cri.cn/12394/2014/10/31/3685s850380.htm# |archive-date = 9 November 2014 |dead-url = no |df = dmy-all }}
Further reading - Hannue, Dialogues Tibetan Dialogues Han, travelogue from Tibet – by a woman who's been travelling around Tibet for over a decade, {{ISBN|978-988-97999-3-9}}
- Sorrel Wilby, Journey Across Tibet: A Young Woman's 1900-Mile Trek Across the Rooftop of the World, Contemporary Books (1988), hardcover, 236 pages, {{ISBN|0-8092-4608-2}}.
- Hillman, Ben, ‘China’s Many Tibets: Diqing as a model for ‘development with Tibetan characteristics?’ Asian Ethnicity, Vol. 11, No. 2, June 2010, pp 269–277.{{ISBN?}}
External links {{Commons-inline|Tibet}}- Tibet Autonomous Region official website
- Economic profile for Tibet Autonomous Region at HKTDC
- {{Wikivoyage-inline|Tibet|Tibet Autonomous Region}}
- [https://case.edu/affil/tibet/tibetanSociety/documents/TAR-Census2.pdf Population Structure and Changes in the Tibet Autonomous Region]
{{-}}{{Province-level divisions of the People's Republic of China}}{{Tibet Autonomous Region}}{{Tibetan autonomy in the People's Republic of China}}{{Tibet related articles}} 7 : Tibet Autonomous Region|Tibet|Western China|Autonomous regions of China|Tibetan autonomous areas|1965 establishments in China|States and territories established in 1965 |