Theile is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

• David Theile (born 1938), Australian backstroke swimmer
• Johann Theile (1646–1724), German composer of the Baroque era
• Marie-Louise Theile (born 1966), Australian news presenter

• Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Urbino-Urbania-Sant’Angelo in Vado
• Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Valencia in Venezuela
• Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Valladolid
• Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Verapoly
• Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Veszprem
• Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Veszprém
• Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vienna
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• Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Visakhapatnam
• Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vitoria
• Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vitoria da Conquista
• Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vitória
• Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vitória da Conquista
• Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vizagapatam
• Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Warmia
• Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Warszawa
• Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Wien
• Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Wroclaw
• Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Xi'an
• Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Xi’an
• Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Yaounde
• Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Yucatan
• Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Zara
• Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Évora
• Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Đakovo-Osijek