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词条 The Jazz Messengers
释义

  1. History

     Origins  The Jazz Messengers (1954–56)  The "Second" Messengers (1956–58)  Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers (1959–64)  The "New" Messengers (1964–66)  The dark years (1966–76)  Messengers rejuvenation (1976–90) 

  2. Jazz Messengers discography

  3. Jazz Messengers timeline

  4. Notes

  5. References

{{About|The Jazz Messengers group|the group's leader and drummer Art Blakey|Art Blakey|the eponymous album|The Jazz Messengers (1956 album)}}{{Infobox musical artist
| name = The Jazz Messengers
| background = group_or_band
| genre = {{flatlist|
| image = Art Blakey 1973.jpg
  • Jazz
  • hard bop be bop

}}
| years_active = {{start date|1955}}–{{end date|1990}}
| label = {{flatlist|
  • A&M
  • Atlantic
  • Bethlehem
  • Soul Note
  • Blue Note
  • Cadet
  • Catalyst
  • Colpix
  • Columbia
  • Concord Jazz
  • Amigo
  • Delos
  • Elektra
  • Fontana
  • Impulse!
  • Jubilee
  • Limelight
  • Pacific Jazz
  • Palcoscenico
  • Philips
  • Prestige
  • Vik
  • Riverside
  • Roulette
  • Sonet
  • Timeless
  • United Artists

}}
| past_members =
  • Dale Barlow
  • Mickey Bass
  • Art Blakey
  • Terence Blanchard
  • Joanne Brackeen
  • Cameron Brown
  • Donald Brown
  • Bobby Broom
  • Donald Byrd
  • George Cables
  • Buck Clarke
  • Chick Corea
  • Steve Davis
  • Walter Davis, Jr.
  • Spanky DeBrest
  • Sam Dockery
  • Kenny Dorham
  • Robin Eubanks
  • Charles Fambrough
  • Curtis Fuller
  • Carlos Garnett
  • John Gilmore
  • Benny Golson
  • Benny Green
  • Johnny Griffin
  • Bill Hardman
  • Donald Harrison
  • Billy Harper
  • Philip Harper
  • John Hicks
  • Freddie Hubbard
  • Dennis Irwin
  • Javon Jackson
  • Carter Jefferson
  • Geoffrey Keezer
  • Frank Lacy
  • Brian Lynch
  • Chuck Mangione
  • Wynton Marsalis
  • Branford Marsalis
  • Jackie McLean
  • Jymie Merritt
  • Mulgrew Miller
  • Hank Mobley
  • Lee Morgan
  • Essiet Okon Essiet
  • Billy Pierce
  • Lonnie Plaxico
  • Valery Ponomarev
  • Wallace Roney
  • Gregory Charles Royal
  • David Schnitter
  • Woody Shaw
  • Clarence Seay
  • Wayne Shorter
  • Horace Silver
  • Victor Sproles
  • Bobby Timmons
  • Jean Toussaint
  • McCoy Tyner
  • Cedar Walton
  • Peter Washington
  • Doug Watkins
  • Bobby Watson
  • James Williams
  • Reggie Workman

}}The Jazz Messengers were an influential jazz combo that existed for over thirty-five years beginning in the early 1950s as a collective,[1][3] and ending when long-time leader and founding drummer Art Blakey died in 1990.[4] Blakey led or co-led the group from the outset. "Art Blakey" and "Jazz Messengers" became synonymous over the years, though Blakey did lead non-Messenger recording sessions and played as a sideman for other groups throughout his career.[6][7][8]{{Quotation|"Yes sir, I'm gonna to stay with the youngsters. When these get too old, I'm gonna get some younger ones. Keeps the mind active."|Art Blakey|A Night at Birdland, Vol. 2 (CD)|[9]}}

The group evolved into a proving ground for young jazz talent. While veterans occasionally re-appeared in the group, by and large, each iteration of the Messengers included a lineup of new young players. Having the Messengers on one's resume was a rite of passage in the jazz world, and conveyed immediate bona fides.[6][7][8][13]

Many former members of the Jazz Messengers established careers as solo musicians, such as Lee Morgan, Benny Golson, Wayne Shorter, Freddie Hubbard, Bobby Timmons, Curtis Fuller, Cedar Walton, Keith Jarrett, Joanne Brackeen, Woody Shaw, Chuck Mangione, Wynton Marsalis, Branford Marsalis, Terence Blanchard, Donald Harrison and Mulgrew Miller.[3][6][8] Some members, such as bassist Clarence Seay and Gregory Charles Royal,[1][18] are documented to have played in the Jazz Messengers but did not record with the group.

History

Origins

On December 17, 1947, Blakey led a group known as "Art Blakey's Messengers" in his first recording session as a leader, for Blue Note Records. The records were released as 78s at the time and two of the songs were released on the New Sounds 10" LP compilation (BLP 5010). This octet included Kenny Dorham, Howard Bowe, Sahib Shihab, Musa Kaleem, Ernest Thompson, Walter Bishop Jr., and LaVerne Barker.[19]

Around the same time—in 1947[7] or 1949[4][18]{{rp|20}}—Blakey led a big band called "Seventeen Messengers." The band proved to be financially unstable and broke up soon after.[18]{{rp|20}} The Messengers name then went dormant for several years.

Blakey and Horace Silver began working together in the early 1950s.[25] Some cite the group that included Blakey, Silver, Kenny Dorham, Lou Donaldson and Gene Ramey in 1953 as the original Jazz Messengers.[1][19][25]

On February 21, 1954, a group billed as the "Art Blakey Quintet" produced the live set of records called A Night at Birdland. The quintet included Horace Silver, Clifford Brown, Lou Donaldson and Curly Russell.[29] These records were quite successful, and some cite this date as the beginning of the Jazz Messengers.[3][18]

The Jazz Messengers (1954–56)

Most date the origin of the Jazz Messengers to 1954,[32][33][34] or 1955,[8][37] when the first recordings credited to the band appeared.[7] The Jazz Messengers formed as a collective, nominally led by Silver or Blakey on various dates.[6][7] Blakey credits Silver with reviving the Messengers name for the group.[4][43] The other members included Kenny Dorham, Hank Mobley and Doug Watkins.[6][7] Their first recordings officially using the Jazz Messengers name were a pair of live dates, recorded at the Café Bohemia in 1955.[19][32][49] A pair of earlier recordings from sessions in late 1954 and early 1955—released on Blue Note 10" LPs as the Horace Silver Quintet, vol. 1 and vol. 2—were subsequently reissued as a 12" LP entitled Horace Silver and the Jazz Messengers.[32][49][52]

In 1956 Dorham left the band to go out on his own and was replaced by Donald Byrd.[18] This group released The Jazz Messengers on Columbia Records.[19][55] Later in the year, the original group all went their own ways, but Blakey retained the Jazz Messengers name for his future groups.[32][34]

The "Second" Messengers (1956–58)

For a brief period in 1956 Donald Byrd stayed on as a new lineup was formed. It included Kenny Drew, Wilbur Ware, Ira Sullivan playing tenor sax in place of his more familiar trumpet. The only contemporary documentation of this version of the Messengers was two tracks backing up singer Rita Reys on The Cool Voice of Rita Reys on Columbia.[19][25][60]

Blakey then formed a new lineup that would prove to be much more stable. The most notable name, at the time, was Jackie McLean. He was only 25, but had already recorded with Miles Davis and Charles Mingus.[19] Bill Hardman, Sam Dockery and Jimmy "Spanky" DeBrest filled out the group.[18]{{rp |36}}[25]

They recorded another record for Columbia: Hard Bop—still under the collective's moniker The Jazz Messengers.[64] They went on to record for several different labels including RCA subsidiary Vik Records, Pacific Jazz, Elektra, Cadet, Jubilee, Bethlehem and a date on Atlantic featuring Thelonious Monk. Over this time the band's name evolved to include Blakey's name, starting with "The Jazz Messengers, featuring Art Blakey" on Ritual,[65] then "Art Blakey's Jazz Messengers" on several records,[66][67][68] and also "Art Blakey and his Jazz Messengers" on Cu-Bop.[19][70]

Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers (1959–64)

In 1958 Blakey formed a new lineup with four Philadelphia natives: Lee Morgan, Benny Golson, Bobby Timmons, and Jymie Merritt.[32] This marked the beginning of probably the most fruitful period of the Jazz Messengers. They returned to Blue Note and the first record—entitled simply Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers—produced their biggest hit: "Moanin'".[18]{{rp |47}}{{efn|The album is commonly called Moanin, and reissues used that title.[19][32]}} It featured two more songs which would become Messengers classics, and jazz classics as well: "Blues March" and "Along Came Betty" by Benny Golson.[4][32][77]

Golson left the band in 1959 after a European tour (which produced live albums and a film soundtrack on Fontana Records and French RCA)[78][79][80] to be replaced, briefly, by Hank Mobley.[19][25] Mobley did not accompany the band to a Canadian jazz festival in 1959; Lee Morgan encountered Wayne Shorter at the festival, and he joined the band in Mobley's place.[4][25] This lineup produced several notable recordings, including the second Messenger album, A Night in Tunisia.[19][86]

In 1961 the group expanded to a sextet with the addition of Curtis Fuller.[1] This lineup produced the Art Blakey!!!!! Jazz Messengers!!!!! album for Impulse! Records.[18]{{rp |62}}[89] At the end of that summer, Lee Morgan and Bobby Timmons left and were replaced by Freddie Hubbard and Cedar Walton respectively.[18]{{rp|63}} This lineup recorded Three Blind Mice for United Artists[91] and two albums for Blue Note: Mosaic and Buhaina's Delight.[19][93][94]

In mid-1962 Reggie Workman replaced long-time double bassist Jymie Merritt, who wanted to settle down in Philadelphia.[18]{{rp|66}} This version of the group produced three albums for Riverside:[96][97][98] Caravan, Ugetsu, and Kyoto; in addition to another Blue Note[19][100] under the name Free for All. This lineup stayed together until March 1964, when Lee Morgan rejoined in place of Freddie Hubbard.[25] Around this time—the recording date is unknown—the band produced an album from the musical Golden Boy for the Colpix label with an expanded lineup. This lineup included both Freddie Hubbard and Lee Morgan on trumpet, plus Charles Davis, Julius Watkins, and Bill Barber.[19][18]{{rp|71}}[104]

In April 1964, the Jazz Messengers produced their final, new, recording for the Blue Note label: Indestructible.[19][18]{{rp|71}}[107]

The "New" Messengers (1964–66)

In September 1964, Wayne Shorter left the Messengers to form Miles Davis' Second Great Quintet. Lee Morgan enlisted long-time Sun Ra tenor saxophonist John Gilmore to fill in—though it was understood he would return to Sun Ra after a time.[18]{{rp|71}} Gilmore brought along fellow Arkestra member Victor Sproles and John Hicks joined on piano.[25] The edition of the Messengers would see more quick turnover of members than the previous.

The band signed with Quincy Jones' new Mercury sub-label Limelight Records. This group—still including Curtis Fuller on trombone—recorded the first album for the label: 'S Make It.[110] The band soon reverted to a quintet as Fuller departed. Alto saxophonist Gary Bartz replaced the departing John Gilmore and this quintet—with Freddie Hubbard sitting in alongside Morgan—recorded Soul Finger for Limelight.[18]{{rp|73}}

By January 1966 the band had completely turned over again. Now Chuck Mangione occupied the trumpet chair with Frank Mitchell on tenor sax, Keith Jarrett on piano and Reggie Johnson on bass. This lineup produced the live album Buttercorn Lady under the moniker Art Blakey and the "New" Jazz Messengers.[19][18]{{rp|78}}[114] While the band continued to perform live, this would be the final Jazz Messengers recording of the decade.[19]{{efn|Blakey would produce one more, non-Messengers, album for the Limelight label in 1966: Hold On, I'm Coming (album).[19][117]}}

The dark years (1966–76)

The late 1960s saw the ascendance of rock music in popular culture, and the jazz world was experimenting with free jazz and jazz fusion, styles Blakey did not care for.[13][18]{{rp|91–93}} It was difficult for Blakey to maintain a steady lineup for the Messengers, during this period, and even more difficult to produce recordings. Between 1966 and 1972, the Messengers produced only a single official record: Jazz Messengers '70, a live date in Tokyo. This particular lineup included Bill Hardman, Carlos Garnett, Joanne Brackeen and Jan Arnet.[19]

Blakey kept the Messengers working during this period—particularly abroad in Europe and Japan where they maintained their popularity. But the lineups were fluid, with several musicians rotating through based on who was available for the particular engagement. In various combinations, between 1966 and 1972 the band included trumpet players Woody Shaw and Randy Brecker{{efn|While Brecker's tenure is confirmed by multiple sources, it must have been quite short; likely a few months in 1969.[18]{{rp|82}}[25]}} in addition to Hardman; saxophonists Garnett, Mitchell, Billy Harper and Ramon Morris; and trombonists Slide Hampton and Julian Priester. The piano chair saw the greatest turnover. After Jarrett, pianists included Mike Nock, Lonnie Liston Smith, Chick Corea, McCoy Tyner, Ronnie Mathews, George Cables, Joanne Brackeen, Albert Dailey, plus occasionally veterans John Hicks, Cedar Walton, and Walter Davis Jr.. Bassists included Juni Booth, Buster Williams, Larry Evans, Scotty Holt, Arnet, and Mickey Bass.[19][25]

In 1972 the Messengers were signed to Prestige Records and produced three albums. Child's Dance featured pieces from two recording sessions on 1972, with different, expanded, and somewhat overlapping lineups. The regular Messengers on the album were Woody Shaw; Ramon Morris; John Hicks, Walter Davis Jr. and George Cables on both acoustic and electric pianos; and Mickey Bass. The band was augmented by Buddy Terry (soprano sax), Manny Boyd (flute), Michael Howard (guitar), Stanley Clarke (electric bass), and percussionists Nathaniel Bettis, Sonny Morgan, Pablo Landrum, Emmanuel Rahim and Ray Mantilla for different tunes across the two sessions.[19][127]

In 1973, a regular lineup of Woody Shaw, newcomer Carter Jefferson, Cedar Walton, and Mickey Bass recorded two more Prestige albums: Anthenagin and Buhaina. Conga player Tony Waters appears on Anthenagin and trombonist Steve Turre appears on Buhaina.[19][129][130]

Blakey struggled to keep the band going the next three years. Only one recording—a 1975 collaboration with Sonny Stitt called In Walked Sonny on the Swedish Sonet label—was produced between 1973 and 1976. That album included long time trumpet stalwart Bill Hardman again occupying the trumpet chair. David Schnitter was now on tenor sax and would stay with the Messengers for some time to come. Walter Davis Jr. was back on piano, and the new bassist was Isao Suzuki. The Messengers were still popular in Japan, and travelled there annually. Hardman and Schnitter were constants throughout this period. Pianists also included Albert Dailey and Mickey Tucker and bassists after Suzuki included Cameron Brown and Chris Amberger.[19][18]{{rp|200–202}}[25]

Messengers rejuvenation (1976–90)

In 1976 the Messengers recorded a record for Roulette – Backgammon—featuring Hardman, Schnitter, Dailey and Suzuki.[19][135] In that year Blakey began a professional relationship with Wim Wigt, a Dutch music booker and owner of the Timeless label. Wigt booked the Messengers throughout Europe.[18]{{rp|202}} A second record for Roulette followed, featuring Schnitter, Walter Davis Jr. and newcomers Valery Ponomarev, Bobby Watson, and Dennis Irwin.[19][138] From this point the lineups began to stabilize as the band worked more regularly.

In October 1977 Blakey hired a new, regular, pianist: James Williams. This group (Ponomarev, Watson, Schnitter, Willams and Irwin) recorded In My Prime Vol. 1 on November 1977 for Wigt's Timeless label. In 1978 they recorded In This Korner for Concord Jazz and In My Prime Vol. 2 and Reflections in Blue for Timeless. In February 1979, they recorded the third Messengers album entitled Night in Tunisia for Philips. In November 1979 they recorded One by One, a live album in Italy, for the Italian Palcoscenico label.[19][18]{{rp|104–106}}

In 1979 Blakey decided to assemble an 11-piece "big band" to take on a European tour in 1980. This band was unique in that it included two sets of brothers: Wynton and Branford Marsalis and Robin and Kevin Eubanks, and that the group had the first guitarist that Blakey ever hired, Bobby Broom. The young musicians were cultivated by playing in the smaller Jazz Messengers combo around New York City through 1979. Broom left the group before the 1980 tour. These would be Ponomarev's last appearances with the Messengers. While Watson and Williams continued with the Messengers, David Schnitter was replaced by Bill Pierce and Dennis Irwin was replaced by Charles Fambrough. This band also featured a second drummer: John Ramsay.[1] Live at Montreux and Northsea by the Jazz Messengers Big Band was recorded at the Northsea and Montreux Jazz Festivals by Timeless.[25][143]

The regular working sextet that emerged from this European tour now included Wynton Marsalis, Bobby Watson, Bill Pierce, James Williams and Charles Fambrough. This group produced Art Blakey in Sweden on the Amigo label, Album of the Year on Timeless and Straight Ahead on the Concord Jazz imprint—all in early 1981.[19]

When Branford Marsalis graduated from the Berklee College of Music in 1981, he joined his brother in place of Bobby Watson. Donald Brown replaced James Williams at this time as well.{{efn|Wallace Roney filled in on trumpet while Wynton Marsalis took a leave of absence in the summer of 1981.[18]{{rp|131}}[146]}} In January 1982 this lineup produced Keystone 3, the third live album recorded by the band at Keystone Korner in San Francisco.[19][148]

Wynton Marsalis' star was rising quickly. He and his brother left to form their own band in early 1982.[18]{{rp|136}} Due to Donald Brown's struggles with arthritis, he left the band at this time as well.[18]{{rp|137}}[25] The new lineup was Terence Blanchard and Donald Harrison on the front line, and Johnny O'Neal on piano, joining Pierce and Fambrough. This lineup recorded Oh-By the Way for Timeless in 1982.[18]{{rp|137}} The band turned over gradually over the next year. Pierce left to begin teaching at Berklee in September 1982. He was replaced by Jean Toussaint. Fambrough left in mid-1983 to be replaced by Lonnie Plaxico. And Mulgrew Miller took over for Johnny O'Neal in 1984.[25]

This new lineup – Blanchard, Harrison, Toussaint, Miller, and Plaxico—stayed together throughout 1985, into 1986. They recorded New York Scene in 1984 and Live at Kimball's in 1985, both for Concord Jazz. A live date from Ronnie Scott's in London also appeared.[19][18]{{rp|139,147}}

Blanchard and Harrison formed their own band in mid-1986. They were replaced by Wallace Roney and Kenny Garrett, respectively. Tim Williams was also added on trombone. This group recorded the Feeling Goodalbum for Delos.[25][157]

By the end of 1987 the band had turned over once again. Philip Harper was the new trumpet player, Javon Jackson joined on tenor, and Robin Eubanks returned on trombone. The new pianist was Benny Green and Peter Washington was the bassist.[25]

This lineup recorded Not Yet and I Get a Kick Out of Bu (with Leon Dorsey replacing Washington on bass), both for Soul Note in 1988.[19][160]

In 1989, what became the final Jazz Messengers lineup was established: Brian Lynch on trumpet, Javon Jackson and Dale Barlow on tenors, Steve Davis and/or Frank Lacy on trombone, Geoff Keezer on piano and Essiet Okon Essiet on bass.

A concert at the Leverkusen Jazz Festival in Germany commemorated in October 1989 commemorated Blakey's 70th birthday. Playing were the current messengers, plus many special guests: Freddie Hubbard, Terence Blanchard, Donald Harrison, Jackie McLean, Wayne Shorter, Benny Golson, Curtis Fuller, Walter Davis Jr., Buster Williams, Roy Haynes, and Michele Hendricks singing a song composed for the occasion by Horace Silver.[18]{{rp|151}}[163]

This final group recorded the final Messengers album, One for All, on A&M Records.[164]

Jazz Messengers discography

{{Main|Jazz Messengers discography}}

Jazz Messengers timeline

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from:06/26/1958 till:02/01/1959 color:Tenor   bar:Timmons  from:06/26/1958 till:08/08/1961 color:Piano   bar:Morgan   from:10/30/1958 till:08/08/1961 color:Trumpet   bar:Merritt  from:10/30/1958 till:10/12/1962 color:Bass   bar:Mobley   from:03/08/1959 till:07/24/1959 color:Tenor   bar:Shorter  from:08/01/1959 till:08/17/1964 color:Tenor   bar:Davis    from:11/03/1959 till:02/18/1961 color:Piano   bar:Fuller   from:07/02/1961 till:12/31/1964 color:Trombone   bar:Hubbard  from:08/08/1961 till:03/10/1964 color:Trumpet   bar:Walton   from:08/08/1961 till:10/01/1964 color:Piano   bar:Workman  from:10/12/1962 till:10/21/1964 color:Bass   bar:Morgan   from:03/10/1964 till:08/13/1965 color:Trumpet   bar:Hicks    from:10/01/1964 till:09/09/1965 color:Piano   bar:Gilmore  from:10/21/1964 till:08/13/1965 color:Tenor   bar:Sproles  from:10/21/1964 till:11/08/1965 color:Bass   bar:Bartz    from:05/12/1965 till:11/09/1965 color:Alto   bar:Mangione from:11/09/1965 till:02/07/1967 color:Trumpet   bar:Mitchell from:11/09/1965 till:05/01/1967 color:Tenor   bar:Smith    from:11/09/1965 till:01/01/1966 color:Piano   bar:Johnson  from:11/09/1965 till:08/14/1966 color:Bass   bar:Jarrett  from:01/01/1966 till:02/16/1966 color:Piano   bar:Nock     from:02/16/1966 till:04/02/1966 color:Piano   bar:Smith    from:04/02/1966 till:05/07/1966 color:Piano   bar:Corea    from:05/07/1966 till:10/15/1966 color:Piano   bar:Booth    from:08/14/1966 till:02/07/1968 color:Bass   bar:Tyner    from:10/15/1966 till:02/07/1968 color:Piano   bar:Hardman  from:02/07/1967 till:04/15/1969 color:Trumpet   bar:Harper   from:07/25/1967 till:04/15/1969 color:Tenor   bar:Hampton  from:07/25/1967 till:02/07/1968 color:Trombone   bar:Priester from:02/07/1968 till:04/15/1969 color:Trombone   bar:Mathews from:02/07/1968 till:04/15/1969 color:Piano   bar:Evans    from:02/07/1968 till:04/15/1969 color:Bass   bar:Shaw     from:04/15/1969 till:01/05/1970 color:Trumpet   bar:Garnett  from:04/15/1969 till:01/04/1971 color:Tenor   bar:Cables   from:04/15/1969 till:01/05/1970 color:Piano   bar:Holt     from:04/15/1969 till:07/05/1969 color:Bass   bar:Arnet    from:07/05/1969 till:09/11/1970 color:Bass   bar:Hardman  from:01/05/1970 till:07/23/1972 color:Trumpet   bar:Brackeen from:01/05/1970 till:03/23/1972 color:Piano   bar:Morris   from:01/04/1971 till:06/26/1973 color:Tenor   bar:Shaw     from:03/23/1972 till:05/03/1973 color:Trumpet   bar:Clarke   from:05/23/1972 till:03/26/1973 color:Bass   bar:Cables   from:07/28/1972 till:03/26/1973 color:Piano   bar:Jefferson from:03/26/1973 till:01/03/1975 color:Tenor   bar:Walton    from:03/26/1973 till:01/03/1975 color:Piano   bar:Bass      from:03/26/1973 till:01/03/1975 color:Bass   bar:Henderson from:07/04/1973 till:01/03/1975 color:Trumpet   bar:Hardman   from:01/03/1975 till:02/14/1977 color:Trumpet   bar:Schnitter from:01/03/1975 till:03/11/1980 color:Tenor   bar:Mathews  from:01/03/1975 till:07/19/1976 color:Piano   bar:Suzuki    from:01/03/1976 till:07/19/1976 color:Bass   bar:MTucker   from:07/19/1976 till:07/14/1977 color:Piano   bar:Amberger  from:07/19/1976 till:08/05/1976 color:Bass   bar:Brown     from:08/05/1976 till:07/14/1977 color:Bass   bar:Ponomarev from:02/14/1977 till:08/26/1980 color:Trumpet   bar:Watson    from:02/14/1977 till:11/06/1981 color:Alto   bar:Davis     from:02/14/1977 till:11/01/1977 color:Piano   bar:Irwin     from:02/14/1977 till:03/11/1980 color:Bass   bar:Williams  from:11/01/1977 till:07/12/1981 color:Piano   bar:Pierce    from:03/11/1980 till:08/31/1982 color:Tenor   bar:Fambrough from:03/11/1980 till:07/08/1983 color:Bass   bar:WMarsalis from:06/21/1980 till:08/01/1981 color:Trumpet   bar:REubanks  from:06/21/1980 till:08/01/1980 color:Trombone   bar:BMarsalis from:06/21/1980 till:08/01/1980 color:Alto   bar:KEubanks  from:06/21/1980 till:08/01/1980 color:Guitar   bar:DBrown    from:07/02/1981 till:04/01/1982 color:Piano   bar:Roney     from:08/01/1981 till:01/01/1982 color:Trumpet   bar:BMarsalis from:07/07/1981 till:04/01/1982 color:Alto   bar:WMarsalis from:01/01/1982 till:04/01/1982 color:Trumpet   bar:Blanchard from:04/01/1982 till:05/11/1986 color:Trumpet   bar:Harrison  from:04/01/1982 till:05/11/1986 color:Alto   bar:ONeal     from:04/01/1982 till:05/08/1984 color:Piano   bar:Toussaint from:09/01/1982 till:05/03/1987 color:Tenor   bar:Plaxico   from:07/08/1982 till:05/11/1986 color:Bass   bar:Miller    from:05/08/1984 till:05/11/1986 color:Piano   bar:TWilliams from:03/09/1986 till:05/03/1987 color:Trombone   bar:Roney     from:05/11/1986 till:05/03/1987 color:Trumpet   bar:Garrett   from:05/11/1986 till:07/02/1987 color:Alto   bar:DBrown    from:05/11/1986 till:05/03/1987 color:Piano   bar:Washington from:05/11/1986 till:02/12/1989 color:Bass   bar:PHarper    from:05/03/1987 till:12/20/1988 color:Trumpet   bar:Jackson   from:05/03/1987 till:end        color:Tenor   bar:BGreen    from:05/03/1987 till:12/29/1989 color:Piano   bar:REubanks  from:08/28/1987 till:02/12/1989 color:Trombone   bar:Lynch     from:12/20/1988 till:end        color:Trumpet   bar:Lacy      from:02/12/1989 till:end        color:Trombone   bar:Essiet    from:02/12/1989 till:end        color:Bass   bar:SDavis    from:02/01/1990 till:end        color:Trombone   bar:Barlow    from:02/01/1990 till:end        color:Tenor   bar:Keezer    from:02/01/1990 till:end        color:Piano   bar:sep1  $Separator   bar:sep2  $Separator   bar:sep3  $Separator   bar:sep4  $Separator   bar:sep5  $Separator   bar:sep6  $Separator   bar:sep7  $Separator   bar:sep8  $Separator   bar:sep9  $Separator   bar:sep10 $Separator   bar:sep11 $Separator   bar:sep12 $Separator   bar:sep13 $Separator   bar:sep14 $Separator   bar:sep15 $Separator   bar:sep16 $Separator   bar:sep17 $Separator   bar:sep18 $Separator
{{hidden end}}

Notes

{{notelist}}

References

1. ^{{cite web|last1=Bock|first1=Gordon|title=The Telegraph – Google News Archive Search |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2209&dat=19790110&id=9KIrAAAAIBAJ&sjid=o_wFAAAAIBAJ&pg=7013,1785728|website=Google News |accessdate=25 July 2017|date=10 January 1979}}
2. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web|title=Art Blakey Biography|url=http://www.biography.com/people/art-blakey-9214586 | website = Biography |accessdate=September 16, 2014}}
3. ^1 {{cite web|title=Art Blakey|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/68828/Art-Blakey | website=Encyclopædia Britannica|accessdate=September 16, 2014}}
4. ^1 {{cite web|title=Art Blakey|url=http://musicians.allaboutjazz.com/artblakey#.UT1UM9anB5Y| website=All About Jazz |accessdate=September 16, 2014}}
5. ^1 2 {{cite web| title = Blakey, Arthur| url = http://pabook.libraries.psu.edu/palitmap/bios/Blakey__Art.html| website = PSU| accessdate = September 16, 2014| deadurl = yes| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20130910215713/http://pabook.libraries.psu.edu/palitmap/bios/Blakey__Art.html| archivedate = September 10, 2013| df = }}
6. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 {{cite web|last1=Schwartz|first1=Steve|last2=Fitzgerald|first2=Michael|title=Chronology of Art Blakey (and the Jazz Messengers)|url=http://www.jazzdiscography.com/Artists/Blakey/chron.htm| website = Jazz Discography| accessdate = September 16, 2014}}
7. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book|last1=Ramsay|first1=John|title=Art Blakey's Jazz Messages|date=1994|publisher=Manhattan Music Publications.|location=Miami, Florida|isbn=0760400091}}
8. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 {{cite book|last1=Gourse|first1=Leslie|title=Art Blakey: Jazz Messenger|date=2002|publisher=Schirmer Trade Books|location=New York|isbn=978-0825672729}}
9. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|title=Art Blakey|url=http://arts.gov/honors/jazz/art-blakey?id=1988_01&type=bio|website=National Endowment for the Arts|accessdate=September 16, 2014}}
10. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite book|last1=Goldsher|first1=Alan|title=Hard Bop Academy: The Sidemen of Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers|date=2008|publisher=Hal Leonard|location=Milwaukee, Wisconsin|isbn=9780634037931|pages=2–5|edition=1}}
11. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|last1=Kelsey|first1=Chris|title=Art Blakey|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/art-blakey-mn0000928942/biography|website=AllMusic|accessdate=September 16, 2014}}
12. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite book|editor1-last=Kirchner|editor1-first=Bill|title=The Oxford Companion to jazz|date=2005|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York|isbn=0195183592|pages=376–381|edition=Pbk}}
13. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 {{cite web|title=Art Blakey Discography|url=http://www.jazzdisco.org/art-blakey/discography/|website=JazzDisco.org]|accessdate=September 17, 2014}}
14. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=Art Blakey|url=http://www.drummerworld.com/drummers/Art_Blakey.html|website=DrummerWorld|accessdate=September 16, 2014}}
15. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web|title=Art Blakey|url=https://www.pbs.org/jazz/biography/artist_id_blakey_art.htm|website=PBS|accessdate=September 16, 2014}}
16. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Taylor|first1=Arthur|title=Notes and Tones: Musician-to-Musician Interviews|date=1993|publisher=Da Capo Press|location=New York|isbn=030680526X}}
17. ^1 {{cite AV media|people=Art Blakey Quintet|year=1954|title=A Night at Birdland Vol. 1|medium=10" LP record|format=|publisher=Blue Note Records|version=BLP 5037}}
18. ^1 {{cite AV media|people=Art Blakey Quintet|year=1954|title=A Night at Birdland Vol. 3|medium=CD/ 10" LP record|format=|publisher=Blue Note Records|version=BLP 5039/CDP 7243 5 32147 2 2}}
19. ^1 2 {{cite AV media notes|last=Feather|first=Leonard|others=The Jazz Messengers|year=1955|title=At the Cafe Bohemia, Vol. 1|type=liner notes|publisher=Blue Note Records|version=BLP 1508}}
20. ^1 {{cite AV media notes|last=Gitler|first=Ira|others=Horace Silver and the Jazz Messengers|year=1955|title=Horace Silver and the Jazz Messengers|type=liner notes|publisher=Blue Note Records|version=BLP 1518}}
21. ^1 {{cite AV media notes|last=Avakian|first=George|others=The Jazz Messengers|year=1956|title=The Jazz Messengers|type=liner notes|publisher=Columbia Records|version=CL 897}}
22. ^1 {{cite AV media notes|last=Avakian|first=George|others=Reys, Rita, The Wes Ilcken Combo, The Jazz Messengers|year=1956|title=The Cool Voice of Rita Reys|type=liner notes|publisher=Columbia Records|version=CL 903}}
23. ^1 {{cite AV media notes|last=Hentoff|first=Nat|others=The Jazz Messengers|year=1956|title=Hard Bop|type=liner notes|publisher=Columbia Records|version=CL 1040}}
24. ^1 {{cite AV media notes|last=Michel|first=Ed|others=The Jazz Messengers; Blakey, Art|year=1957|title=Ritual: The Jazz Messengers featuring Art Blakey|type=liner notes|publisher=Pacific Jazz Records|version=PJM 402}}
25. ^1 {{cite AV media notes|last=Williams|first=Martin|others=Art Blakey's Jazz Messengers; Monk, Thelonious|year=1958|title=Art Blakey's Jazz Messengers with Thelonious Monk|type=liner notes|publisher=Atlantic Records|version=1278}}
26. ^1 {{cite AV media notes|last=Hentoff|first=Nat|others=Art Blakey's Jazz Messengers|year=1957|title=Hard Drive|type=liner notes|publisher=Bethlehem Records|version=BCP 6023}}
27. ^1 {{cite AV media notes|last=Hentoff|first=Nat|others=Art Blakey's Jazz Messengers|year=1958|title=A Night in Tunisia|type=liner notes|publisher=Vik Records|version=LAX 1115}}
28. ^1 {{cite AV media notes|last=Hentoff|first=Nat|others=Art Blakey and his Jazz Messengers; Sabu|year=1957|title=Cu-Bop|type=liner notes|publisher=Jubilee Records|version=JLP 1049}}
29. ^1 {{cite AV media notes|last=Feather|first=Leonard|others=Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers|year=1958|title=Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers|type=liner notes|publisher=Blue Note Records|version=BLP 4003}}
30. ^1 {{cite AV media notes|last=Romano|first=Marcel|others=Art Blakey's Jazz Messengers|year=1959|title=Olympia Concert|type=liner notes|publisher=Fontana Records|version=680 202}}
31. ^1 {{cite AV media notes|others=The Jazz Messengers|year=1959|title=des femmes disparaissent|type=liner notes|publisher=Fontana Records|version=660 224}}
32. ^1 {{cite AV media notes|others=Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers|year=1959|title=Art Blakey et les Jazz-Messengers au Club St. Germain, Vol. 1|type=liner notes|publisher=RCA Records (France)|version=430.043}}
33. ^1 {{cite AV media notes|last=Gardner|first=Barbara J.|others=Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers|year=1960|title=A Night in Tunisia|type=liner notes|publisher=Blue Note Records|version=BLP 4049}}
34. ^1 {{cite AV media notes|last=Katz|first=Dick|others=Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers|year=1961|title=Art Blakey!!!!! Jazz Messengers!!!!!|type=liner notes|publisher=Impulse! Records|version=A 7}}
35. ^1 {{cite AV media notes|last=Feather|first=Leonard|others=Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers|year=1961|title=Mosaic|type=liner notes|publisher=Blue Note Records|version=BLP 4090}}
36. ^1 {{cite AV media notes|last=Feather|first=Leonard|others=Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers|year=1961|title=Buhaina's Delight|type=liner notes|publisher=Blue Note Records|version=BLP 4104}}
37. ^1 {{cite AV media notes|others=Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers|year=1962|title=Three Blind Mice|type=liner notes|publisher=United Artists Records|version=UAJ 14002}}
38. ^1 {{cite AV media notes|last=Gitler|first=Ira|others=Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers|year=1962|title=Caravan|type=liner notes|publisher=Riverside Records|version=RLP 438}}
39. ^1 {{cite AV media notes|last=Sherman|first=Ed|others=Art Blakey's Jazz Messengers|year=1963|title=Ugetsu|type=liner notes|publisher=Riverside Records|version=RLP 464}}
40. ^1 {{cite AV media notes|last=Hentoff|first=Nat|others=Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers|year=1964|title=Free for All|type=liner notes|publisher=Blue Note Records|version=BLP 4170}}
41. ^1 {{cite AV media notes|last=Gitler|first=Ira|others=Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers|year=1964|title=Kyoto|type=liner notes|publisher=Riverside Records|version=RLP 493}}
42. ^1 {{cite AV media notes|last=Taylor|first=Billy|others=Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers|year=1964|title=Play Selections from the new Musical Golden Boy|type=liner notes|publisher=Colpix Records|version=CP 478}}
43. ^1 {{cite AV media notes|last=Feather|first=Leonoard|others=Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers|year=1964|title=Indestructible|type=liner notes|publisher=Blue Note Records|version=BLP 4193}}
44. ^1 {{cite AV media notes|last=Feather|first=Leonard|last2=Blakey|first2=Art|others=Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers|year=1965|title='S Make It|type=liner notes|publisher=Limelight Records|version=LM 82001}}
45. ^1 {{cite AV media notes|others=Art Blakey and the New Jazz Messengers|year=1966|title=Buttercorn Lady|type=liner notes|publisher=Limelight Records|version=LM 82034}}
46. ^1 {{cite AV media notes|last=Cerulli|first=Dom|others=Blakey, Art|year=1966|title=Hold On, I'm Comin'|type=liner notes|publisher=Limelight Records|version=LM 82038}}
47. ^1 {{cite AV media notes|last=Crouch|first=Stanley|others=Marsalis, Wynton|year=1982|title=Wynton Marsalis|type=liner notes|publisher=Columbia Records|version=FC 37574}}
48. ^1 {{cite AV media notes|last=Dorritie|first=Frank|others=Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers|year=1982|title=Keystone 3|type=liner notes|publisher=Concord Jazz|version=CJ 196}}
49. ^1 {{cite AV media notes|others=Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers|year=1972|title=Child's Dance|type=liner notes|publisher=Prestige Records|version=PR 10076}}
50. ^1 {{cite AV media notes|others=Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers|year=1973|title=Anthenagin|type=liner notes|publisher=Prestige Records|version=PR 10076}}
51. ^1 {{cite AV media notes|others=Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers|year=1973|title=Buhaina|type=liner notes|publisher=Prestige Records|version=PR 10067}}
52. ^1 {{cite AV media notes|last=Cuscuna|first=Michael|others=Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers|year=1976|title=Backgammon|type=liner notes|publisher=Roulette Records|version=5003}}
53. ^1 {{cite AV media notes|others=Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers|year=1977|title=Gypsy Folk Tales|type=liner notes|publisher=Roulette Records|version=5008}}
54. ^1 {{cite AV media notes|last=Watson|first=Bobby|others=Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers Big Band|year=1981|title=Live at Montreux and Northsea|type=liner notes|publisher=Timeless Records|version=SJP 150}}
55. ^1 {{cite AV media notes|others=Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers|year=1986|title=Feeling Good|type=liner notes|publisher=Delos Records|version=DE 4007}}
56. ^1 {{cite AV media notes|last=Hennessey|first=Mike|authorlink=Mike Hennessey|others=Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers|year=1990|title=I Get a Kick Out of Bu|type=liner notes|publisher=Soul Note Records|version=121 155}}
57. ^1 {{cite web|last1=Yanow|first1=Scott|title=The Art of Jazz|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/the-art-of-jazz-live-in-leverkusen-mw0000189613|website=Allmusic|accessdate=19 October 2014}}
58. ^1 {{cite AV media notes|others=Art Blakey & the Jazz Messengers|year=1990|title=One for All|type=liner notes|publisher=A&M Records|version=395 329}}
[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58]
}}{{Jazz Messengers}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Jazz Messengers}}

4 : Hard bop ensembles|Jazz Messengers|Musical groups established in 1955|1955 establishments in the United States
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