| 词条 | Tiksi |
| 释义 |
|en_name=Tiksi |ru_name=Тикси |loc_name1=Тиксии |loc_lang1=Yakut |image_skyline=Tiksi.jpg |image_caption=View of Tiksi |coordinates = {{coord|71|39|N|128|52|E|display=inline,title}} |map_label_position=left |image_coa= |coa_caption= |image_flag= |flag_caption= |anthem= |anthem_ref= |holiday= |holiday_ref= |federal_subject=Sakha Republic |federal_subject_ref=[1] |adm_data_as_of=June 2009 |adm_district_jur=Bulunsky District |adm_district_jur_ref=[1] |adm_selsoviet_jur=Settlement of Tiksi |adm_selsoviet_type=Settlement |adm_selsoviet_jur_ref=[1] |adm_ctr_of1=Bulunsky District |adm_ctr_of1_ref=[1] |adm_ctr_of2=Settlement of Tiksi |adm_ctr_of2_ref=[1] |inhabloc_cat=Urban-type settlement |inhabloc_cat_ref=[6] |inhabloc_type= |inhabloc_type_ref= |mun_data_as_of=April 2012 |mun_district_jur=Bulunsky Municipal District |mun_district_jur_ref=[7] |urban_settlement_jur=Tiksi Urban Settlement |urban_settlement_jur_ref=[7] |mun_admctr_of1=Bulunsky Municipal District |mun_admctr_of1_ref=[1] |mun_admctr_of2=Tiksi Urban Settlement |mun_admctr_of2_ref=[7] |leader_title= |leader_title_ref= |leader_name= |leader_name_ref= |representative_body= |representative_body_ref= |area_of_what= |area_as_of= |area_km2= |area_km2_ref= |pop_2010census=5063 |pop_2010census_ref=[11] |pop_density= |pop_density_as_of= |pop_density_ref= |pop_latest=4556 |pop_latest_date=January 2016 |pop_latest_ref=[2] |established_title= |established_date_ref= |current_cat_date=1939 |current_cat_date_ref=[1] |prev_name1= |prev_name1_date= |prev_name1_ref= |postal_codes=678400, 678403, 678409 |dialing_codes=41167 |dialing_codes_ref= |website= |website_ref= |date=May 2010 }}{{Infobox |title=Tiksi population |label1=2010 Census |data1=5,063[11] |label2=2002 Census |data2=5,873[3] |label3=1989 Census |data3=11,649[4] |label4=1979 Census |data4=9,505[5] }}Tiksi ({{lang-rus|Ти́кси||ˈtʲiksʲɪ}}; {{lang-sah|Тиксии}}, Tiksii – lit. a moorage place) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) and the administrative center of Bulunsky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia, located on the shore of the Buor-Khaya Gulf of the Laptev Sea, southeast of the delta of the Lena River. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 5,063.[6] HistoryIn August 1901, Russian Arctic ship Zarya headed across the Laptev Sea, searching for the legendary Sannikov Land but was soon blocked by floating drift ice in the New Siberian Islands. During 1902, the attempts to reach Sannikov Land continued while Zarya was trapped in fast ice. Leaving the ship, Russian Arctic explorer Baron Eduard Toll and three companions vanished forever in November 1902 while traveling away from Bennett Island towards the south on loose ice floes. Zarya was finally moored close to Brusneva Island in the Tiksi Bay, never to leave the place again. The remaining members of the expedition returned to St. Petersburg, while Captain Fyodor Matisen went to Yakutsk. Modern Tiksi was founded in 1933;{{citation needed|date=May 2010}} urban-type settlement status was granted to it in 1939.[7] During the Cold War, Tiksi saw military construction projects at Tiksi North and Tiksi West airfields. Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Tiksi's population has declined markedly and many of its apartment blocks have been abandoned. Despite its rapid population decline, it remains the most northerly settlement with a population of over 5,000. Administrative and municipal statusWithin the framework of administrative divisions, the urban-type settlement of Tiksi[8] serves as the administrative center of Bulunsky District.[7] As an administrative division, it is incorporated within Bulunsky District as the Settlement of Tiksi.[7] As a municipal division, the Settlement of Tiksi is incorporated within Bulunsky Municipal District as Tiksi Urban Settlement.[9] EconomyTransportationTiksi serves as one of the principal ports for accessing the Laptev Sea. It is served by the Tiksi Airport, which was shut down by the Defense Ministry on October 1, 2012 except for helicopters.[10] Tiksi was connected only by helicopter flights and winter roads. The closure was harshly criticized by Russian Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev. Following an agreement between the Defense Ministry and the Government of the Sakha Republic in April 2013, the airfield re-opened to passenger traffic in June 2013. In December 2013, President Vladimir Putin announced that the Tiksi airport would be "rehabilitated" along with others beyond the Arctic Circle.[11] The Lena River is navigable in the summer months. There is infrequent passenger navigation from Yakutsk. ClimateTiksi has a tundra climate (Köppen ET). Winters are similar to those of the inland subarctic regions, and have frequent and occasionally heavy snowfalls. The very short summers are generally cooler than inland regions (although in 1991 a temperature as high as {{convert|+34|C}} was reported) and see rainfall on most days. The polar night lasts from November 19 to January 24, and the period with continuous daylight, the midnight sun, lasts a bit longer, from May 11 to August 3. {{Weather box|location=Tiksi |metric first=yes |single line=yes |Jan record high C=−9.0 |Feb record high C=−5.2 |Mar record high C=1.6 |Apr record high C=9.6 |May record high C=23.6 |Jun record high C=32.8 |Jul record high C=34.3 |Aug record high C=29.8 |Sep record high C=23.0 |Oct record high C = 6.1 |Nov record high C = −1.2 |Dec record high C = −4.9 |year record high C = 34.3 |Jan high C = −26.7 |Feb high C = −26.1 |Mar high C = −22.1 |Apr high C = −13.5 |May high C = −2.6 |Jun high C = 7.2 |Jul high C = 12.1 |Aug high C = 11.1 |Sep high C = 4.2 |Oct high C = −7.9 |Nov high C = −20.1 |Dec high C = −25.1 |year high C = −9.1 |Jan mean C = −30.2 |Feb mean C = −29.6 |Mar mean C = −26.3 |Apr mean C = −18.3 |May mean C = −6.1 |Jun mean C = 3.2 |Jul mean C = 7.6 |Aug mean C = 7.7 |Sep mean C = 1.6 |Oct mean C = −10.8 |Nov mean C = −23.4 |Dec mean C = −28.4 |year mean C = −12.8 |Jan low C = −33.8 |Feb low C = −33.3 |Mar low C = −30.8 |Apr low C = −23.7 |May low C = −9.7 |Jun low C = 0.1 |Jul low C = 3.9 |Aug low C = 4.5 |Sep low C = −1.2 |Oct low C = −14.3 |Nov low C = −27.1 |Dec low C = −31.9 |year low C = −16.4 |Jan record low C = −48.0 |Feb record low C = −50.5 |Mar record low C = −47.2 |Apr record low C = −46.9 |May record low C = −32.2 |Jun record low C = −15.8 |Jul record low C = −3.9 |Aug record low C = −4.0 |Sep record low C = −18.2 |Oct record low C = −35.0 |Nov record low C = −43.9 |Dec record low C = −48.8 |year record low C = −50.5 |Jan precipitation mm = 32 |Feb precipitation mm = 22 |Mar precipitation mm = 16 |Apr precipitation mm = 10 |May precipitation mm = 13 |Jun precipitation mm = 27 |Jul precipitation mm = 45 |Aug precipitation mm = 50 |Sep precipitation mm = 27 |Oct precipitation mm = 16 |Nov precipitation mm = 21 |Dec precipitation mm = 42 |year precipitation mm = 321 |Jan rain days = 0.0 |Feb rain days = 0.0 |Mar rain days = 0.0 |Apr rain days = 0.0 |May rain days = 1 |Jun rain days = 12 |Jul rain days = 20 |Aug rain days = 20 |Sep rain days = 9 |Oct rain days = 0.1 |Nov rain days = 0.0 |Dec rain days = 0.0 |Jan snow days = 23 |Feb snow days = 21 |Mar snow days = 21 |Apr snow days = 19 |May snow days = 20 |Jun snow days = 5 |Jul snow days = 0.2 |Aug snow days = 0.3 |Sep snow days = 10 |Oct snow days = 25 |Nov snow days = 23 |Dec snow days = 23 |Jan sun = 0.0 |Feb sun = 40.0 |Mar sun = 176.9 |Apr sun = 276.5 |May sun = 199.0 |Jun sun = 238.2 |Jul sun = 246.4 |Aug sun = 132.6 |Sep sun = 86.8 |Oct sun = 52.9 |Nov sun = 4.0 |Dec sun = 0.0 |source 1 = погода и климат[12] |source 2 = (sunshine only)[13] |date=June 2011}} ReferencesNotes1. ^Law #172-Z #351-III 2. ^Sakha Republic (Yakutia) Territorial Branch of the Federal State Statistics Service. Численность населения по районам республики на 1 января 2016 года Population of the districts of the republic on January 1, 2016 {{ru icon}} 3. ^{{ru-pop-ref|2002Census}} 4. ^{{ru-pop-ref|1989Census}} 5. ^{{ru-pop-ref|1979Census}} 6. ^1 2 {{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}} 7. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Divisions of the Sakha Republic 8. ^1 According to Article 7 of the Law #77-I, lower-level administrative divisions with the status of a settlement have their administrative centers in an inhabited locality with the status of an urban-type settlement. According to the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Divisions of the Sakha Republic, Tiksi is the administrative center of the Settlement of Tiksi. 9. ^1 2 3 Law #173-Z #353-III 10. ^{{cite journal|date=October 3, 2012|script-title=ru:Якутский аэропорт Тикси закрыт для приёма и отправки рейсов до декабря, причины не названы|journal=Газета.ru|location=Moscow|url=http://www.gazeta.ru/business/news/2012/10/03/n_2555181.shtml|accessdate=October 4, 2012|language=Russian}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-25331156|title=Putin orders Arctic military boost|author=|date=December 11, 2013|publisher=|accessdate=August 2, 2018|via=www.bbc.co.uk}} 12. ^Погода в Тикси 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weatherall.php3?s=42812&refer=&cityname=Tiksi-Sakha-Russia&units=|title=Tiksi, Russia Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)|author=|date=|website=Weatherbase|accessdate=August 2, 2018}} Sources
Further reading
4 : Urban-type settlements in the Sakha Republic|Port cities and towns in Russia|Laptev Sea|Populated places of Arctic Russia |
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