| 释义 |
- Antiquity
- 18th century
- 19th century
- 20th century
- 21st century
- References
{{Timeline of lighting technology}}Artificial lighting technology began to be developed tens of thousands of years ago, and continues to be refined in the present day. Antiquity - 125,000 BC Widespread control of fire by early humans.[1]
- 70,000 BC A hollow rock, shell, or other natural found object was filled with moss or a similar material that was soaked in animal fat and ignited.[2]
- c. 4500 BC oil lamps
- c. 3000 BC candles are invented.
18th century - 1780 Aimé Argand invents the central draught fixed oil lamp.
- 1784 Argand adds glass chimney to central draught lamp.
- 1792 William Murdoch begins experimenting with gas lighting and probably produced the first gas light in this year.
- 1800 French watchmaker Bernard Guillaume Carcel overcomes the disadvantages of the Argand-type lamps with his clockwork fed Carcel lamp.
19th century - 1800-1809 Humphry Davy invents the arc lamp when using Voltaic piles (battery) for his electrolysis experiments.
- 1802 William Murdoch illuminates the exterior of the Soho Foundry with gas.
- 1805 Philips and Lee's Cotton Mill, Manchester was the first industrial factory to be fully lit by gas.
- 1809 Humphry Davy publicly demonstrates first electric lamp over 10,000 lumens, at the Royal Society.[3]
- 1813 National Heat and Light Company formed by Fredrich Winzer (Winsor)
- 1815 Humphry Davy invents the miner's safety lamp.
- 1823 Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner invents the Döbereiner's lamp.
- 1835 James Bowman Lindsay demonstrates a light bulb based electric lighting system to the citizens of Dundee.
- 1841 Arc-lighting is used as experimental public lighting in Paris.
- 1853 Ignacy Lukasiewicz invents the modern kerosene lamp.
- 1856 glassblower Heinrich Geissler confines the electric arc in a Geissler tube.
- 1867 A. E. Becquerel demonstrates the first fluorescent lamp.[4]
- 1874 Alexander Lodygin patents an incandescent light bulb.
- 1875 Henry Woodward patents an electric light bulb.
- 1876 Pavel Yablochkov invents the Yablochkov candle, the first practical carbon arc lamp, for public street lighting in Paris.
- 1879 Thomas Edison and Joseph Wilson Swan patent the carbon-thread incandescent lamp. It lasted 40 hours.
- 1880 Edison produced a 16-watt lightbulb that lasts 1500 hours.
- 1882 Introduction of large scale direct current based indoor incandescent lighting and lighting utility with Edison's first Pearl Street Station
- c. 1885 Incandescent gas mantle invented, revolutionises gas lighting.
- 1886 Great Barrington, Massachusetts demonstration project, a much more versatile (long distance transmission) transformer based alternating current based indoor incandescent lighting system introduced by William Stanley, Jr. working for George Westinghouse.[5] Stanley lit 23 businesses along a 4000 feet length of main street stepping a 500 AC volt current at the street down to 100 volts to power incandescent lamps at each location.[6]
- 1893 GE introduces first commercial fully enclosed carbon arc lamp. Sealed in glass globes, it lasts 100h and therefore 10 times longer than hitherto carbon arc lamps [3][7]
- 1893 Nikola Tesla puts forward his ideas on high frequency and wireless electric lighting[8][9] which included public demonstrations where he lit a Geissler tube wirelessly.
- 1894 D. McFarlan Moore creates the Moore tube, precursor of electric gas-discharge lamps.
- 1897 Walther Nernst invents and patents his incandescent lamp, based on solid state electrolytes.
20th century - 1901 Peter Cooper Hewitt creates the first commercial mercury-vapor lamp.
- 1904 Alexander Just and Franjo Hanaman invent the tungsten filament for incadescent lightbulbs.
- 1910 Georges Claude demonstrates neon lighting at the Paris Motor Show.
- 1912 Charles P. Steinmetz invents the metal-halide lamp.[10]
- 1913 Irving Langmuir discovers that inert gas could double the luminous efficacy of incadescent lightbulbs.
- 1917 Burnie Lee Benbow patents the coiled coil filament.
- 1920 Arthur H. Compton invents the sodium-vapor lamp.[11]
- 1921 Junichi Miura creates the first incandescent lightbulb to utilize a coiled coil filament.
- 1925 Marvin Pipkin invents the first internal frosted lightbulb.
- 1926 Edmund Germer patents the modern fluorescent lamp.
- 1927 Oleg Losev creates the first LED (light-emitting diode).
- 1953 Elmer Fridrich invents the halogen light bulb.[12]
- 1953 André Bernanose and several colleagues observe electroluminescence in organic materials.[13][14]
- 1960 Theodore H. Maiman creates the first laser.
- 1962 Nick Holonyak Jr. develops the first practical visible-spectrum (red) light-emitting diode.
- 1963 Kurt Schmidt invents the first high pressure sodium-vapor lamp.[15]
- 1972 M. George Craford invents the first yellow light-emitting diode.
- 1972 Herbert Paul Maruska and Jacques Pankove create the first violet light-emitting diode.
- 1981 Philips sells their first Compact Fluorescent Energy Saving Lamps, with integrated conventional ballast.
- 1981 Thorn Lighting Group exhibits the ceramic discharge metal-halide lamp.
- 1985 Osram answers with the first electronic Energy Saving Lamps to be very successful [3]
- 1987 Ching W. Tang and Steven Van Slyke at Eastman Kodak create the first practical organic light-emitting diode (OLED).
- 1990 Michael Ury, Charles Wood, and several colleagues develop the sulfur lamp.
- 1991 Philips invents a fluorescent lightbulb that lasts 60,000 hours using magnetic induction.
- 1994 T5 lamps with cool tip are introduced to become the leading fluorescent lamps with up to 117 lm/W with good color rendering. These and almost all new fluorescent lamps are to be operated on electronic ballasts only.[3]
- 1994 The first commercial sulfur lamp is sold by Fusion Lighting.
- 1995 Shuji Nakamura at Nichia labs invents the first practical blue and with additional phosphor, white LED, starting an LED boom.[3]
21st century - 2008 Ushio Lighting demonstrates the first LED Filament.
- 2011 Philips wins L Prize for LED screw-in lamp equivalent to 60W incandescent A-lamp for general use.
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.beyondveg.com/nicholson-w/hb/hb-interview2c.shtml|title=First Control of Fire by Human Beings—How Early?|accessdate=2007-11-12}}
2. ^{{cite book|page=270|title=Domestic Technology: A Chronology of Developments|first=Nell DuVall|publisher=G.K. Hall|year=1988}}
3. ^1 2 3 4 Dr.Thomas Klett, Geschichte der Lichttechnik/History of Lighting
4. ^http://txchnologist.com/post/77710091911/in-the-beginning-10-inventors-of-the-incandescent In The Beginning: 10 Inventors of the Incandescent Lightbulb
5. ^Great Barrington Historical Society, Great Barrington, Massachusetts
6. ^Great Barrington 1886 - Inspiring an industry toward AC power
7. ^Bernard Gorowitz Ed., The General Electric Story
8. ^W. Bernard Carlson, Tesla: Inventor of the Electrical Age, page 132
9. ^note: at St. Louis, Missouri, Tesla public demonstration called, "On Light and Other High Frequency Phenomena", (Journal of the Franklin Institute, Volume 136 By Persifor Frazer, Franklin Institute, Philadelphia, Pa)
10. ^{{cite web|title=A brief history of high intensity discharge hid lighting||url=https://www.shineretrofits.com/knowledge-base/lighting-learning-center/a-brief-history-of-high-intensity-discharge-hid-lighting.html|website=Shine Retrofits|accessdate=21 December 2017}}
11. ^{{cite web|title=Sodium Lamp|url=http://www.edisontechcenter.org/SodiumLamps.html|website=Edison Center|accessdate=21 December 2017|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6SgspoCES?url=http://www.edisontechcenter.org/SodiumLamps.html|archivedate=18 September 2014|df=}}
12. ^{{cite web|title=20th Century Inventors: Tungsten Halogen Lamp|url=http://americanhistory.si.edu/lighting/bios/frid.htm|website=American History|accessdate=21 December 2017}}
13. ^{{cite journal|author= Bernanose, A.|author2= Comte, M.|author3 = Vouaux, P. |journal= J. Chim. Phys.|year = 1953|volume= 50|page= 64|title= A new method of light emission by certain organic compounds}}
14. ^{{cite journal|author= Bernanose, A. |author2 = Vouaux, P.|journal= J. Chim. Phys.|year= 1953|volume= 50|page= 261|title= Organic electroluminescence type of emission}}
15. ^{{cite web|last1=Schmidt|first1=Kurt|title=High pressure sodium vapor lamp|url=https://www.google.com/patents/US3248590|website=Google Patents|accessdate=21 December 2017}}
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