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词条 Timeline of Solar System exploration
释义

  1. 1950s

  2. 1960s

  3. 1970s

  4. 1980s

  5. 1990s

  6. 2000s

  7. 2010s

  8. Planned or scheduled

  9. Gallery

  10. See also

  11. References

  12. External links

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2011}}

This is a timeline of Solar System exploration ordered by date of spacecraft launch. It includes:

  • All spacecraft that have left Earth orbit for the purposes of Solar System exploration (or were launched with that intention but failed), including lunar probes.
  • A small number of pioneering or notable Earth-orbiting craft.

It does not include:

  • Centuries of terrestrial telescopic observation.
  • The great majority of Earth-orbiting satellites.
  • Space probes leaving Earth orbit that are not concerned with Solar System exploration (such as space telescopes targeted at distant galaxies, cosmic background radiation observatories, and so on).
  • Probes that failed at launch.

The dates listed are launch dates, but the achievements noted may have occurred some time later{{mdash}}in some cases, a considerable time later (for example, Voyager 2, launched 20 August 1977, did not reach Neptune until 1989).

Missions in italics are unfinished, i.e. have not yet been designated as successes or failures. Some unitalicised missions are nevertheless still operational, some in mission extension phases.

1950s

1957
  • {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Sputnik 1 – 4 October 1957 – First Earth orbiter
  • {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Sputnik 2 – 3 November 1957 – Earth orbiter, first animal in orbit, a dog named Laika
1958
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Explorer 1 – 1 February 1958 – Earth orbiter; first American orbiter, discovered Van Allen radiation belts
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Vanguard 1 – 17 March 1958 – Earth orbiter; oldest spacecraft still in Earth orbit
1959
  • {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Luna 1 – 2 January 1959 – First lunar flyby (attempted lunar impact?)
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Pioneer 4 – 3 March 1959 – Lunar flyby
  • {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Luna 2 – 12 September 1959 – First lunar impact
  • {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Luna 3 – 4 October 1959 – Lunar flyby; First images of far side of Moon

1960s

1960
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Pioneer 5 – 11 March 1960 – Interplanetary space investigations
1961
  • {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Venera 1 – 12 February 1961 – Venus flyby (contact lost before flyby)
  • {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Vostok 1 – 12 April 1961 – First manned Earth orbiter
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Mercury-Redstone 3 – 5 May 1961 – First American in space
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Ranger 1 – 23 August 1961 – Attempted lunar test flight
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Ranger 2 – 18 November 1961 – Attempted lunar test flight
1962
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Ranger 3 – 26 January 1962 – Attempted lunar impact (missed Moon)
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Mercury-Atlas 6 – 20 February 1962 – First American manned Earth orbiter
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Ranger 4 – 23 April 1962 – Lunar impact (but unintentionally became the first spacecraft to hit the lunar farside and returned no data)[1]
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Mariner 2 – 27 August 1962 – First successful planetary encounter, First successful Venus flyby
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Ranger 5 – 18 October 1962 – Attempted lunar impact (missed Moon)
  • {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Mars 1 – 1 November 1962 – Mars flyby (contact lost)
1963
  • {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Luna 4 – 2 April 1963 – Attempted lunar lander (missed Moon)
  • {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Cosmos 21 – 11 November 1963 – Attempted Venera test flight?
1964
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Ranger 6 – 30 January 1964 – Lunar impact (cameras failed)
  • {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Zond 1 – 2 April 1964 – Venus flyby (contact lost)
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Ranger 7 – 28 July 1964 – Lunar impact
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Mariner 3 – 5 November 1964 – Attempted Mars flyby (failed to attain correct trajectory)
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Mariner 4 – 28 November 1964 – First Mars flyby
  • {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Zond 2 – 30 November 1964 – Mars flyby (contact lost)
1965
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Ranger 8 – 17 February 1965 – Lunar impact
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Ranger 9 – 21 March 1965 – Lunar impact
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Lincoln Calibration Sphere 1 - 6 May 1965 - Oldest spacecraft still in use
  • {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Luna 5 – 9 May 1965 – Lunar impact (attempted soft landing)
  • {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Luna 6 – 8 June 1965 – Attempted lunar lander (missed Moon)
  • {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Zond 3 – 18 July 1965 – Lunar flyby
  • {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Luna 7 – 4 October 1965 – Lunar impact (attempted soft landing)
  • {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Venera 2 – 12 November 1965 – Venus flyby (contact lost)
  • {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Venera 3 – 16 November 1965 – Venus lander (contact lost) – First spacecraft to reach another planet's surface, First Venus impact
  • {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Luna 8 – 3 December 1965 – Lunar impact (attempted soft landing?)
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Pioneer 6 – 16 December 1965 – "Space weather" observations

1966

  • {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Luna 9 – 31 January 1966 – First lunar lander
  • {{flagicon|United States}} AS-201 – 26 February 1966 – Lunar programme test flight
  • {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Luna 10 – 31 March 1966 – First lunar orbiter
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Surveyor 1 – 30 May 1966 – Lunar lander
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Explorer 33 – 1 July 1966 – Attempted lunar orbiter (failed to attain lunar orbit)
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Lunar Orbiter 1 – 10 August 1966 – Lunar orbiter
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Pioneer 7 – 17 August 1966 – "Space weather" observations
  • {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Luna 11 – 24 August 1966 – Lunar orbiter
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Surveyor 2 – 20 September 1966 – Attempted lunar lander (crashed into Moon)
  • {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Luna 12 – 22 October 1966 – Lunar orbiter
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Lunar Orbiter 2 – 6 November 1966 – Lunar orbiter
  • {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Luna 13 – 21 December 1966 – Lunar lander
1967
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Lunar Orbiter 3 – 4 February 1967 – Lunar orbiter
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Surveyor 3 – 17 April 1967 – Lunar lander
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Lunar Orbiter 4 – 4 May 1967 – Lunar orbiter
  • {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Venera 4 – 12 June 1967 – First Venus atmospheric probe
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Mariner 5 – 14 June 1967 – Venus flyby
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Surveyor 4 – 14 July 1967 – Attempted lunar lander (crashed into Moon)
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Explorer 35 (IMP-E) – 19 July 1967 – Lunar orbiter
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Lunar Orbiter 5 – 1 August 1967 – Lunar orbiter
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Surveyor 5 – 8 September 1967 – Lunar lander
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Surveyor 6 – 7 November 1967 – Lunar lander
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Apollo 4 – 9 November 1967 – Lunar programme test flight
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Pioneer 8 – 13 December 1967 – "Space weather" observations
1968
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Surveyor 7 – 7 January 1968 – Lunar lander
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Apollo 5 – 22 January 1968 – Lunar programme test flight
  • {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Zond 4 – 2 March 1968 – Lunar programme test flight
  • {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Luna 14 – 7 April 1968 – Lunar orbiter
  • {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Zond 5 – 15 September 1968 – First lunar flyby and return to Earth, first life forms to circle the Moon
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Apollo 7 – 11 October 1968 – Lunar programme test flight (manned)
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Pioneer 9 – 8 November 1968 – "Space weather" observations
  • {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Zond 6 – 10 November 1968 – Lunar flyby and return to Earth
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Apollo 8 – 21 December 1968 – First manned lunar orbiter
1969
  • {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Venera 5 – 5 January 1969 – Venus atmospheric probe
  • {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Venera 6 – 10 January 1969 – Venus atmospheric probe
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Mariner 6 – 25 February 1969 – Mars flyby
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Apollo 9 – 3 March 1969 – Manned lunar lander (LEM) flight test
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Mariner 7 – 27 March 1969 – Mars flyby
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Apollo 10 – 18 May 1969 – Manned lunar orbiter
  • {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Luna E-8-5 No.402 – 14 June 1969 – Attempted lunar sample return, first attempted sample return mission
  • {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Luna 15 – 13 July 1969 – Second attempted lunar sample return
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Apollo 11 – 16 July 1969 – First manned lunar landing and first successful sample return mission
  • {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Zond 7 – 7 August 1969 – Lunar flyby and return to Earth
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Apollo 12 – 14 November 1969 – Manned lunar landing

1970s

1970
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Apollo 13 – 11 April 1970 – Manned lunar flyby and return to Earth (manned lunar landing aborted) Farthest from Earth a human has gone
  • {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Venera 7 – 17 August 1970 – First Venus lander and the first spacecraft to land on another planet
  • {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Luna 16 – 12 September 1970 – First robotic lunar sample return
  • {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Zond 8 – 20 October 1970 – Lunar flyby and return to Earth
  • {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Luna 17/Lunokhod 1 – 10 November 1970 – First lunar rover
1971
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Apollo 14 – 31 January 1971 – Manned lunar landing
  • {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Salyut 1 – 19 April 1971 – First space station
  • {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Mars 2 – 19 May 1971 – Mars orbiter and attempted lander; First Mars impact
  • {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Mars 3 – 28 May 1971 – Mars orbiter, First Mars lander (lost contact after 14.5s) and First Mars atmospheric probe
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Mariner 9 – 30 May 1971 – First Mars orbiter
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Apollo 15 – 26 July 1971 – Manned lunar landing; First manned lunar rover
  • {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Luna 18 – 2 September 1971 – Attempted lunar sample return (crashed into Moon)
  • {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Luna 19 – 28 September 1971 – Lunar orbiter
1972
  • {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Luna 20 – 14 February 1972 – Lunar robotic sample return
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Pioneer 10 – 3 March 1972 – First Jupiter flyby
  • {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Venera 8 – 27 March 1972 – Venus lander
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Apollo 16 – 16 April 1972 – Manned lunar landing
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Apollo 17 – 7 December 1972 – Last manned lunar landing
1973
  • {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Luna 21/Lunokhod 2 – 8 January 1973 – Lunar rover
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Pioneer 11 – 5 April 1973 – Jupiter flyby and First Saturn flyby
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Skylab – 14 May 1973 – First American space station
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Explorer 49 (RAE-B) – 10 June 1973 – Lunar orbiter/radio astronomy
  • {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Mars 4 – 21 July 1973 – Mars flyby (attempted Mars orbiter)
  • {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Mars 5 – 25 July 1973 – Mars orbiter
  • {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Mars 6 – 5 August 1973 – Mars flyby and attempted lander (failed due to damage on Mars landing)
  • {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Mars 7 – 9 August 1973 – Mars flyby and attempted lander (missed Mars)
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Mariner 10 – 4 November 1973 – Venus flyby and First Mercury flyby
1974
  • {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Luna 22 – 2 June 1974 – Lunar orbiter
  • {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Luna 23 – 28 October 1974 – Attempted lunar sample return (failed due to damage on lunar landing)
  • {{flagicon|United States}} {{flagicon|West Germany}} Helios-A – 10 December 1974 – Solar observations
1975
  • {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Venera 9 – 8 June 1975 – First Venus orbiter and lander; First images from surface of Venus
  • {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Venera 10 – 14 June 1975 – Venus orbiter and lander
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Viking 1 – 20 August 1975 – Mars orbiter and lander; First lander returning data and First pictures from Martian surface
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Viking 2 – 9 September 1975 – Mars orbiter and lander
1976
  • {{flagicon|United States}} {{flagicon|West Germany}} Helios-B – 15 January 1976 – Solar observations, Closest solar approach (0.29 AU)
  • {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Luna 24 – 9 August 1976 – Lunar robotic sample return
1977
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Voyager 2 – 20 August 1977 – Jupiter/Saturn/first Uranus/first Neptune flyby
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Voyager 1 – 5 September 1977 – Jupiter/Saturn flyby, Farthest human-made object – currently (2018) about 142 AU
1978
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Pioneer Venus 1 – 20 May 1978 – Venus orbiter
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Pioneer Venus 2 – 8 August 1978 – Venus atmospheric probes
  • {{flagicon|United States}} {{flagicon|European Union}} ISEE-3 – 12 August 1978 – Solar wind investigations; later redesignated International Cometary Explorer and performed Comet Giacobini-Zinner and Comet Halley flybys – First comet flyby
  • {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Venera 11 – 9 September 1978 – Venus flyby and lander
  • {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Venera 12 – 14 September 1978 – Venus flyby and lander

1980s

1981
  • {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Venera 13 – 30 October 1981 – Venus flyby and lander
  • {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Venera 14 – 4 November 1981 – Venus flyby and lander
1983
  • {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Venera 15 – 2 June 1983 – Venus orbiter
  • {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Venera 16 – 7 June 1983 – Venus orbiter
1984
  • {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Vega 1 – 15 December 1984 – Venus flyby, lander and first balloon; continued on to Comet Halley flyby
  • {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Vega 2 – 21 December 1984 – Venus flyby, lander and balloon; continued on to Comet Halley flyby
1985
  • {{flagicon|Japan}} Sakigake – 7 January 1985 – Comet Halley flyby
  • {{flagicon|European Union}} Giotto – 2 July 1985 – Comet Halley flyby
  • {{flagicon|Japan}} Suisei (Planet-A) – 18 August 1985 – Comet Halley flyby
1986
  • {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Mir – 20 February 1986 – First modular space station (completion 1996)
1988
  • {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Phobos 1 – 7 July 1988 – Attempted Mars orbiter/Phobos landers (contact lost)
  • {{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Phobos 2 – 12 July 1988 – Mars orbiter/attempted Phobos landers (contact lost)
1989
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Magellan – 4 May 1989 – Venus orbiter
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Galileo – 18 October 1989 – Venus flyby, first Asteroid flyby, first Asteroid moon discovery, first Jupiter orbiter/atmospheric probe

1990s

1990
  • {{flagicon|Japan}} Hiten (MUSES-A) – 24 January 1990 – Lunar flyby and orbiter
  • {{flagicon|United States}} {{flagicon|European Union}} Hubble Space Telescope – Orbital space telescope
  • {{flagicon|United States}} {{flagicon|European Union}} Ulysses – 6 October 1990 – Solar polar orbiter
1991
  • {{flagicon|Japan}} {{flagicon|United States}} {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} Yohkoh (Solar-A) – 30 August 1991 – Solar observations
1992
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Mars Observer – 25 September 1992 – Attempted Mars orbiter (contact lost)
1994
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Clementine – 25 January 1994 – Lunar orbiter/attempted asteroid flyby
  • {{flagicon|United States}} WIND – 1 November 1994 – Solar wind observations
1995
  • {{flagicon|European Union}} {{flagicon|United States}} SOHO – 2 December 1995 – Solar observatory
1996
  • {{flagicon|United States}} NEAR Shoemaker – 17 February 1996 – Eros orbiter, first near-Earth asteroid flyby, first asteroid orbit and first asteroid landing
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Mars Global Surveyor – 7 November 1996 – Mars orbiter
  • {{flagicon|Russia}} Mars 96 – 16 November 1996 – Attempted Mars orbiter/landers (failed to escape Earth orbit)
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Mars Pathfinder – 4 December 1996 – Mars lander and first planetary rover
1997
  • {{flagicon|United States}} ACE – 25 August 1997 – Solar wind and "space weather" observations
  • {{flagicon|United States}} {{flagicon|European Union}} {{flagicon|Italy}} Cassini–Huygens – 15 October 1997 – First Saturn orbiter and first outer planet lander
  • {{flagicon|China}} AsiaSat 3/HGS-1 – 24 December 1997 – Lunar flyby
1998
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Lunar Prospector – 7 January 1998 – Lunar orbiter
  • {{flagicon|Japan}} Nozomi (also known as Planet-B) – 3 July 1998 – Attempted Mars orbiter (failed to enter Mars orbit)
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Deep Space 1 (DS1) – 24 October 1998 – Asteroid and comet flyby
  • {{flagicon|United States}} {{flagicon|Russia}} {{flagicon|European Union}} {{flagicon|Japan}} {{flagicon|Canada}} – 20 November 1998 – International Space Station (completed 2013)
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Mars Climate Orbiter – 11 December 1998 – Attempted Mars orbiter (orbit insertion failed)
1999
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Mars Polar Lander/Deep Space 2 (DS2) – 3 January 1999 – Attempted Mars lander/penetrators (contact lost)
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Stardust – 7 February 1999 – First comet coma sample return – returned 15 January 2006

2000s

2001
  • {{flagicon|United States}} 2001 Mars Odyssey – 7 April 2001 – Mars orbiter
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Genesis – 8 August 2001 – First solar wind sample return
2002
  • {{flagicon|United States}} CONTOUR – 3 July 2002 – Attempted flyby of three comet nuclei (lost in space)
2003
  • {{flagicon|Japan}} Hayabusa (MUSES-C) – 9 May 2003 – Asteroid lander and First sample return from asteroid
  • {{flagicon|European Union}} {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} Mars Express/Beagle 2 – 1 June 2003 – Mars orbiter/lander (lander failure)
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Mars Exploration Rover Spirit – 10 June 2003 – Mars rover
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity – 7 July 2003 – Mars rover
  • {{flagicon|European Union}} SMART-1 – 27 September 2003 – Lunar orbiter
  • {{flagicon|China}} Shenzhou 5 – 15 October 2003 – China's first manned Earth orbiter
2004
  • {{flagicon|European Union}} Rosetta/Philae – 2 March 2004 – First comet orbiter and lander (Landed in November 2014)
  • {{flagicon|United States}} MESSENGER – 3 August 2004 – First Mercury orbiter (Achieved orbit 18 March 2011)
2005
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Deep Impact – 12 January 2005 – First comet impact
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter – 12 August 2005 – Mars orbiter
  • {{flagicon|European Union}} Venus Express – 9 November 2005 – Venus polar orbiter
2006
  • {{flagicon|United States}} New Horizons – 19 January 2006 – First Pluto/Charon flyby (on 14 July 2015)[2]
  • {{flagicon|Japan}} {{flagicon|United States}} {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} Hinode (Solar-B) – 22 September 2006 – Solar orbiter
  • {{flagicon|United States}} STEREO – 26 October 2006 – Two spacecraft, solar orbiters
2007
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Phoenix – 4 August 2007 – Mars polar lander (Mars landing on 25 May 2008)
  • {{flagicon|Japan}} SELENE (Kaguya) – 14 September 2007 – Lunar orbiters
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Dawn – 27 September 2007 – Asteroid Ceres and Vesta orbiter (Entered orbit around Vesta on 16 July 2011 and around Ceres on 6 March 2015)
  • {{flagicon|China}} Chang'e 1 – 24 October 2007 – Lunar orbiter
2008
  • {{flagicon|India}} Chandrayaan-1 – 22 October 2008 – Lunar orbiter and impactor – Discovered water on the Moon
2009
  • {{flagicon|EUR}} Herschel Space Observatory – 14 May 2009 – Infrared space telescope
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter/LCROSS – 18 June 2009 – Lunar polar orbiter and lunar impactor
  • {{flagicon|United States}} WISE(NEOWISE) – 14 December 2009 – Near-Earth object survey

2010s

2010
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Solar Dynamics Observatory – 11 February 2010 – Continuous solar monitoring
  • {{flagicon|Japan}} Akatsuki (Planet-C) – 20 May 2010 – Venus orbiter (orbit insertion failed in 2010 / successful orbit insertion on 7 December 2015)
  • {{flagicon|France}} PICARD – 15 June 2010 – Solar monitoring
  • {{flagicon|China}} Chang'e 2 – 1 October 2010 – Lunar orbiter, Asteroid 4179 Toutatis flyby
2011
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Juno – 5 August 2011 – Jupiter orbiter
  • {{flagicon|United States}} GRAIL – 10 September 2011 – Two spacecraft, Lunar orbiters
  • {{flagicon|China}} Tiangong (Project 921-2) – 29 September 2011 - First Chinese space station[3]
  • {{flagicon|Russia}} {{flagicon|China}} Fobos-Grunt and Yinghuo-1 – 8 November 2011 – Phobos orbiter, lander and sample return (Russia), Mars orbiter (China) – failed to escape Earth orbit
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Mars Science Laboratory (Curiosity Rover) – 26 November 2011 – large Mars 900 kg Rover (landed 6 August 2012)
2012
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Van Allen Probes (RBSP) – 30 August 2012 - Earth Van Allen radiation belts study
2013
  • {{flagicon|United States}} IRIS – 27 June 2013 – Solar observations
  • {{flagicon|United States}} LADEE – 6 September 2013 – Lunar orbiter
  • {{flagicon|Japan}} Hisaki – 14 September 2013 – Planetary atmosphere observatory
  • {{flagicon|India}} Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan) – 5 November 2013 – Mars orbiter
  • {{flagicon|United States}} MAVEN – 18 November 2013 – Mars orbiter
  • {{flagicon|China}} Chang'e 3 – 1 December 2013 – First Chinese lunar lander and rover (first lander since Russian Luna 24 in 1976)
2014
  • {{flagicon|China}} Chang'e 5-T1 – 23 October 2014 – Lunar flyby/orbiter and Earth reentry probe; technology demonstration to prepare for Chang'e 5 mission
  • {{flagicon|Japan}} {{flagicon|Germany}} {{flagicon|France}} Hayabusa2 / MASCOT – 3 December 2014 – Asteroid lander and sample return, First asteroid rover
  • {{flagicon|Japan}} PROCYON - 3 December 2014 – Comet observer and failed asteroid flyby
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Exploration Flight Test 1 – 5 December 2014 – Unmanned Earth orbital test of Orion interplanetary vehicle.
2015
  • {{flagicon|United States}} DSCOVR – 11 February 2015 – Solar observation
  • {{flagicon|India}} Astrosat – 28 September 2015 – Space observatory
  • {{flagicon|European Union}} LISA Pathfinder – 3 December 2015 – Test mission for proposed LISA gravitational wave observatory
2016
  • {{flagicon|European Union}} {{flagicon|Russia}} ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter and EDM lander – 14 March 2016 – Mars orbiter and lander (lander failure)
  • {{flagicon|United States}} OSIRIS-REx – 8 September 2016 – Asteroid sample return mission
2018
  • {{flagicon|United States}} InSight – 5 May 2018 – Mars lander
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Parker Solar Probe – 12 August 2018 – Solar corona probe, closest solar approach (0.04 AU)
  • {{flagicon|European Union}} {{flagicon|Japan}} BepiColombo – 20 October 2018 – two Mercury orbiters
  • {{flagicon|China}} Chang'e 4 – 7 December 2018 – Lunar lander and rover, the first landing on the lunar far side
2019
  • {{flagicon|Israel}} SpaceIL Beresheet – 22 February 2019 – Private lunar lander

Planned or scheduled

2019

  • {{flagicon|United States}} Moon Express Lunar Scout – April 2019 - Private lunar lander
  • {{flagicon|India}} Chandrayaan-2 – April 2019 – Lunar orbiter and rover
  • {{flagicon|China}} Chang'e 5 – December 2019 – China's first lunar sample return mission (and first since Luna 24 in 1976)
2020
  • {{flagicon|European Union}} SolO – February 2020 – Solar Orbiter, moving as close as 0.28 AU of the Sun
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Exploration Mission 1 – June 2020 – Unmanned lunar orbital test of Orion spacecraft and Space Launch System
  • {{flagicon|European Union}} {{flagicon|Russia}} ExoMars – 25 July 2020 – European carrier module, Russian lander and first non-American planetary rover, Rosalind Franklin rover
  • {{flagicon|UAE}} Mars Hope – July 2020 – Emirati Mars orbiter[4][5]
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Mars 2020 – July 2020 – Mars rover
  • {{flagicon|China}} Mars Global Remote Sensing Orbiter and Small Rover – July or August 2020 – Mars orbiter, lander and rover
  • {{flagicon|South Korea}} Korea Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter – December 2020 – Korean lunar orbiter
  • {{flagicon|United States}} {{flagicon|Japan}} {{flagicon|Mexico}} {{flagicon|Chile}} {{flagicon|Ecuador}} {{flagicon|Colombia}} Astrobotic Technology Mission One / AEM rover / Uni / EXA-AEC lunar orbiter – Private lunar lander, multiple rovers, lunar orbiter
  • {{flagicon|Japan}} ispace M1 – Private lunar orbiter
  • {{flagicon|Germany}} PTScientists – Private lunar lander and rovers
2021
  • {{flagicon|Japan}} Mars Terahertz Microsatellite – July 2020 – Japanese Mars orbiter, first microsatellite to Mars[6][7]
  • {{flagicon|United States}} {{flagicon|European Union}} {{flagicon|Canada}} James Webb Space Telescope – 30 March 2021 – Orbital space telescope
  • {{flagicon|Russia}} Luna 25 – May 2021 – First mission of the Luna-Glob Moon exploration programme, lunar south pole lander
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Lucy – October 2021 – Flyby six Jupiter trojan asteroids
  • {{flagicon|India}} Gaganyaan – December 2021 – First Indian manned orbiter
  • {{flagicon|India}} Aditya-L1 – Solar observations
  • {{flagicon|Japan}} ispace M2 – Private lunar lander and rover
  • {{flagicon|Japan}} SLIM – Lunar lander and rover
  • {{flagicon|United States}} {{flagicon|Italy}} DART / LICIA – Kinetic impactor for 65803 Didymos to test asteroid deflection and flyby[8]
2022
  • {{flagicon|European Union}} JUICE – June 2022 – Mission to explore Jupiter's moons Ganymede, Callisto and Europa
  • {{flagicon|Japan}} DESTINY+ – Multiple flyby of a rock comet and its separated objects
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Psyche – Orbit the metallic asteroid 16 Psyche
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Europa Clipper – 2022-2025 – Europa moon orbiter
2023
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Exploration Mission-2 – June 2023 – Manned lunar flyby and return to Earth
  • {{flagicon|Russia}} Luna 26 – Lunar orbiter
  • {{flagicon|China}} Chang'e 7 – Lunar orbiter and rover[9]
  • {{flagicon|United States}} SpaceX dearMoon – Manned circumlunar tourism mission
2024
  • {{flagicon|Russia}} Luna 27 – Lunar south pole lander and rover
  • {{flagicon|China}} Chang'e 6 – Lunar sample return mission
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Exploration Mission 3 – Manned lunar orbiter and return to Earth
  • {{flagicon|United States}} Blue Origin Blue Moon – Private lunar south polar landing capable of delivering 4,500 kg
  • {{flagicon|United States}} SpaceX BFR – first human mission to Mars
  • {{flagicon|Japan}} {{flagicon|France}} {{flagicon|Germany}} MMX – Phobos lander, sample return mission and Deimos flyby / Phobos rover[10]
2025
  • {{flagicon|Russia}} Luna 28 – Lunar south pole lander, rover, and sample return
  • {{flagicon|Russia}} Federation spacecraft – manned lunar orbit
2026
  • {{flagicon|Russia}} Venera-D – Venus orbiter and lander
  • {{flagicon|Russia}} Intergelio-Zond – Solar orbiter[11]
2028
  • {{flagicon|China}} Chang'e 8 – Lunar lander
2029
  • {{flagicon|China}} Mars sample return (before 2030)[12]
2030
  • {{flagicon|China}} Manned landing on the Moon (early 2030s)[13]
2031
  • {{flagicon|Russia}} Mercury-P – First Mercury lander
  • {{flagicon|Russia}} M1 – Manned lunar landing[14]
2032
  • {{flagicon|Russia}} M2 – Manned lunar landing and rover[14]
2033
  • {{flagicon|Russia}} M3 – Manned lunar landing and cosmonauts will undertake long-distance trips on lunar rover[14]
2034
  • {{flagicon|Russia}} M4 – Manned lunar landing and beginning of building of a human colony[14]
2035
  • {{flagicon|Russia}} M5 – Manned lunar landing and completion of robotic lunar base[14]
2037
  • {{flagicon|United States}} – First human mission to Mars by NASA
2040–60
  • {{flagicon|China}} Manned phase of the Chinese Mars exploration program[15]
  • {{flagicon|Russia}} Manned phase of the Russian Mars exploration program[16]

Gallery

{{Cleanup-gallery|date=September 2017}}

See also

  • Discovery and exploration of the Solar System
  • List of missions to the Moon
  • List of Solar System probes
  • List of space telescopes
  • New Frontiers program
  • Out of the Cradle (book) - scientific speculation on future missions.
  • Space Race
  • Timeline of artificial satellites and space probes
  • Timeline of discovery of Solar System planets and their moons
  • Timeline of first orbital launches by country
  • Timeline of space travel by nationality

References

1. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/S0265-9646(97)00038-6 |title=Protecting the space environment: Are we doing enough? |last1=Williamson |first1=Mark |year=1998 |journal=Space Policy |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=5–8 }}
2. ^1 {{cite news |last=Chang |first=Kenneth |title=The Long, Strange Trip to Pluto, and How NASA Nearly Missed It |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/19/us/the-long-strange-trip-to-pluto-and-how-nasa-nearly-missed-it.html |date=18 July 2015 |work=New York Times |accessdate=19 July 2015 }}
3. ^{{cite news|url =https://www.theguardian.com/world/feedarticle/9742815 |title =China's space program shoots for moon, Mars, Venus |accessdate =13 July 2011 |publisher =The Guardian |date=13 July 2011}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thenational.ae/uae/technology/uae-makes-plans-to-send-unmanned-probe-to-mars-by-2021|title=UAE plans to launch mission to Mars in 2021|website=Thenational.ae|accessdate=11 August 2017}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thenational.ae/uae/uaes-mars-space-mission-has-a-new-name-hope|title=UAE’s names Mars probe Hope|website=Thenational.ae|accessdate=11 August 2017}}
6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.soumu.go.jp/main_content/000462914.pdf |title=惑星資源探査 ⼩型テラヘルツ探査機 |publisher=National Institute of Information and Communications Technology |format=PDF |date=25 January 2017|language=Japanese |access-date=2017-05-13}}
7. ^{{cite news |last=Yamazaki |first=Keisuke|url=http://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/AJ201703270007.html |title=Japan planning 2020 mission to put satellite in Martian orbit|newspaper=The Asahi Shimbun|date=March 27, 2017|accessdate=2017-05-13}}
8. ^{{cite web |url=http://dart.jhuapl.edu/News-and-Resources/blog.php?id=20180927 |title=Asteroids have been hitting the Earth for billions of years. In 2022, we hit back. |last=Rivkin |first=Andy |publisher=Applied Physics Laboratory |date=27 September 2018 |access-date=2018-10-31}}
9. ^{{cite news |title=What’s next for China in lunar exploration? |url=http://www.planetary.org/blogs/guest-blogs/2019/whats-next-for-china.html |work=Planetary.org |date=23 January 2019 |language=en}}
10. ^{{cite press release |last1=Yamakawa |first1=Hiroshi |last2=Le Gall |first2=Jean-Yves |last3=Ehrenfreund |first3=Pascale |last4=Dittus |first4=Hansjörg |date=October 3, 2018 |title=Joint Statement with Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) and German Aerospace Center (DLR) regarding Martian Moons eXploration |url=http://global.jaxa.jp/press/2018/10/files/Joint_Statement_MMX.pdf |publisher=JAXA |access-date=October 30, 2018}}
11. ^https://ria.ru/20160204/1369707162.html
12. ^{{cite news |title=U.S. and China Both Want to Launch a Mars Sample Return Mission Before 2030 |url=https://www.popularmechanics.com/space/moon-mars/a14506608/united-states-china-racing-first-sample-from-mars/ |work=Popular Mechanics |date=28 December 2017}}
13. ^{{cite news |title=China just landed a spacecraft on the moon's far side for the first time in history. Here's why the mission may be revolutionary. |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/china-moon-mission-lunar-landing-far-side-change4-2018-12 |work=Business Insider |date=3 January 2019}}
14. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite news |title=Российские космонавты высадятся на Луну в 2031 году |url=https://ria.ru/20190209/1550625837.html |work=РИА Новости |date=9 February 2019 |language=ru}}
15. ^{{cite web|url=http://military.china.com/zh_cn/news/568/20060214/13091486.html|title=中国嫦娥探月工程进展顺利 进度将有望加快--军事频道-中华网-中国最大职业人士门户|website=military.china.com|accessdate=11 August 2017|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/65JXxhOsV?url=http://military.china.com/zh_cn/news/568/20060214/13091486.html|archivedate=9 February 2012|df=dmy-all}}
16. ^{{cite web|script-title=ru:Пилотируемый полет на Марс будет возможен после 2040 года – Роскосмос|url=http://versii.com/news/238798/|website=versii.com|accessdate=22 August 2014|language=Russian}}

External links

  • NASA Lunar & Planetary Science
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20090805113110/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/future1.cfm NASA Solar System Strategic Exploration Plans]
  • Soviet Lunar, Martian, Venusian and Terrestrial Space Image Catalog
{{Space exploration lists and timelines}}{{Planetary exploration}}{{NASA planetary exploration programs}}{{Solar System}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Timeline Of Solar System Exploration}}

2 : Spaceflight timelines|Discovery and exploration of the Solar System
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