“Tioga County, Pennsylvania”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Tioga County is a county located in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. As of the 2010 census, the population was 41,981.^[1] Its county seat is Wellsboro.^[2] The county was created on March 26, 1804, from part of Lycoming County^[3] and later organized in 1812.^[4] It is named for the Tioga River.

History

The county was originally settled by immigrants of "Yankee" stock (immigrants from New England and the western part of New York descended from the English Puritans whose ancestors settled New England in the colonial era). With the opening of a rough wagon road to the source of the Tioga River, New England settlers poured over the Allegheny Mountains. Tioga County resembled upstate New York more than it did Pennsylvania with its population primarily consisting of settlers from New England.^[5] Roads were laid out, post routes established, public buildings erected and people were invited to move there. The original settlers were entirely of New England origins or were Yankees from upstate New York whose families had moved to that place from New England only one generation earlier, in the aftermath of the Revolutionary War. This resulted in Tioga County being culturally contiguous with early New England culture.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of {{convert|1137|sqmi}}, of which {{convert|1134|sqmi}} is land and {{convert|3.2|sqmi}} (0.3%) is water.^[6] It is the fourth-largest county in Pennsylvania by land area and fifth-largest by total area.

Adjacent counties

Demographics

As of the census^[12] of 2000, there were 41,373 people, 15,925 households, and 11,195 families residing in the county. The population density was 36 people per square mile (14/km²). There were 19,893 housing units at an average density of 18 per square mile (7/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 98.11% White, 0.60% Black or African American, 0.23% Native American, 0.30% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.14% from other races, and 0.61% from two or more races. 0.52% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Residents of Tioga County were of 31.9% English, 23.1% German , 10.1% Irish, 6.0% Polish and 5.3% Italian ancestry.

There were 15,925 households out of which 30.40% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.80% were married couples living together, 8.60% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.70% were non-families. 24.40% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.30% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 2.93.

In the county, the population was spread out with 23.70% under the age of 18, 10.60% from 18 to 24, 25.40% from 25 to 44, 24.20% from 45 to 64, and 16.00% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 95.90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.80 males.

Tioga County's live birth rate was 524 births in 1990. The County's live birth rate in 2000 was 475 births, while by 2011 it had declined to 437 babies.^[13] Over the past 50 years (1960 to 2010), rural Pennsylvania saw a steady decline in both the number and proportion of residents under 18 years old. In 1960, 1.06 million rural residents, or 35 percent of the rural population, were children.

According to research by The Center for Rural Pennsylvania, which is a legislative Agency of the Pennsylvania General Assembly, the poverty rate for Tioga County was 16.3% in 2014.^[14] The statewide poverty rate was 13.6% in 2014. The 2012 childhood poverty rate by school district was: Northern Tioga School District – 44.6% living at 185% or below than the Federal Poverty Level and Southern Tioga School District – 40.6% and Wellsboro Area SD was 31.8%.^[15]

Politics & Government

Tioga County is one of the most heavily Republican represented counties in Pennsylvania. This has a long history as Abraham Lincoln reportedly received 78.57% of the county's vote in the 1860 Presidential election.^[17] Since Abraham Lincoln the county has voted for the non-Republican presidential candidate only two times. The first was Theodore Roosevelt's 1912 run as a Progressive and the second was Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964.^[18] In 2004, George W. Bush received 12,019 votes (68%) to 5,437 votes (31%) for John Kerry. In 2008 John McCain received 62.7% of the vote.^[19] In 2006, Rick Santorum and Lynn Swann both had significant victories in Tioga County despite their defeats statewide. The last two sitting Board of Commissioners have been all Republican candidates, and Tioga County is the only county in Pennsylvania with all three sitting commissioners being from a single party. This was due to the success of write in campaigns conducted by Roger Bunn in 2011 and Mark Hamilton in 2015.

Elected Officials

United States Senator

United States Congress

Pennsylvania State Senator

Pennsylvania State Representative

County Commissioners

Court of Common Pleas Judge, 4th Judicial District of Pennsylvania

Magisterial District Judge

District Attorney

Prothonotary / Clerk of Courts

County Treasurer

Sheriff

Coroner

Auditors

Marcellus shale impact fee

In March 2012, the Tioga County Commissioners approved a marcellus shale impact fee ordinance.^[20] The Commissioners anticipated $5.5 million to $6 million in annual impact fee revenue. In 2012, under Governor Corbett, the Pennsylvania General Assembly passed a bill that authorizes an impact fee be collected on marcellus shale wells. Regulations and processes for distribution of the money are governed by the Pennsylvania Utility Commission (PUC). Annual reports on the number of wells and revenues taken in are made public on the PUC website.^[21]^[22]

In 2016, the Pennsylvania Utility Commission lowered the Impact fee on shale gas wells.^[23]

In 2014 Tioga County received an impact fee disbursement of $3,593,564.21 which was among the top seven Pennsylvania counties receiving impact funds. In 2014, there were 839 marcellus shale wells in Tioga County.^[25] Statewide the top county recipient was Washington County which received $6,512,570.65 in 2014.^[26]

Education

Colleges & Universities

Public School Districts

Private Schools

As reported by [https://web.archive.org/web/20110429195913/http://www.edna.ed.state.pa.us/ EdNA], Pennsylvania Department of Education, June 2010.

Public Libraries

Transportation

Major highways

Recreation

Communities

Under Pennsylvania law, there are four types of incorporated municipalities: cities, boroughs, townships, and, in at most two cases, towns. The following boroughs and townships are located in Tioga County:

Boroughs

Townships

Census-designated places

Census-designated places are geographical areas designated by the U.S. Census Bureau for the purposes of compiling demographic data. They are not actual jurisdictions under Pennsylvania law. Other unincorporated communities, such as villages, may be listed here as well.

Ghost town

Population ranking

The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2010 census of Tioga County.^[30]

See also

References

1. ^¹{{cite web|title=State & County QuickFacts|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/42/42117.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=November 22, 2013}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx|accessdate=June 7, 2011|title=Find a County|publisher=National Association of Counties}}
3. ^{{Cite book | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=kWlCAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA3&dq=tioga+county,+pa.+sexton#v=onepage&q=tioga%20county%2C%20pa.%20sexton&f=false | title = An outline history of Tioga and Bradford counties in Pennsylvania, Chemung, Steuben, Tioga, Tompkins and Schuyler in New York: by townships, villages, boro's and cities, John L. Sexton| accessdate = 2010-09-17 | publisher = The Gazette Company, 1885, p3}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://publications.newberry.org/ahcbp/documents/PA_Individual_County_Chronologies.htm|title=Pennsylvania: Individual County Chronologies|publisher=The Newberry Library|website=Pennsylvania Atlas of Historical County Boundaries|date=2008|accessdate=March 13, 2015}}
5. ^The expansion of New England: the spread of New England settlement and institutions to the Mississippi River, 1620–1865 page 151-152
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/counties_list_42.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=March 11, 2015|date=August 22, 2012|title=2010 Census Gazetteer Files}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2017.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|accessdate=October 9, 2018}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|title=U.S. Decennial Census|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=March 11, 2015}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu|title=Historical Census Browser|publisher=University of Virginia Library|accessdate=March 11, 2015}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/pa190090.txt|title=Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990|publisher=United States Census Bureau|editor-last=Forstall|editor-first=Richard L.|date=March 24, 1995|accessdate=March 11, 2015}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf|title=Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000|publisher=United States Census Bureau|date=April 2, 2001|accessdate=March 11, 2015}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2011-05-14|title=American FactFinder}}
13. ^Pennsylvania Department of Health, Birth Age County Reports 1990 and 2011, 2011
14. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.rural.palegislature.us/demographics_datagram_poverty_rates_pa.html |title=Poverty Rates by County Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates |author=US Census Bureau |year=2015}}
15. ^{{cite web |url=http://pennbpc.org/education-facts-school-poverty-data |title=Student Poverty Concentration 2012 |author=Pennsylvania Budget and Policy Center |year=2012}}
16. ^{{cite web|url=http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS|title=Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections|first=David|last=Leip|date=|website=uselectionatlas.org|accessdate=3 April 2018}}
17. ^{{cite web|url=http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/stats.php?year=1860&f=1&off=0&elect=0|title=David Leip Presidential Election Atlas for 1860|author=|date=|website=uselectionatlas.org|accessdate=3 April 2018}}
18. ^{{cite web|url=http://geoelections.free.fr/USA/elec_comtes/1912.htm|title=Presidential election of 1912 - Map by counties|author=|date=|website=geoelections.free.fr|accessdate=3 April 2018}}
19. ^{{cite web|url=http://elections.nytimes.com/2008/results/president/map.html?scp=1&sq=%22election+map&st=cse|title=President Map - Election Results 2008 - The New York Times|author=|date=|website=elections.nytimes.com|accessdate=3 April 2018}}
20. ^AP The Daily Review, Tioga County Gives Nod To Impact Fee On Gas Drilling, March 15, 2015
21. ^ennsylvania House of Representatives, HB1950 of Session 2011 OIL AND GAS (58 PA.C.S.) – OMNIBUS AMENDMENTS, February 8, 2012
22. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.puc.state.pa.us/filing_resources/issues_laws_regulations/act_13_impact_fee_.aspx |title=Act 13 (Impact Fee) |author=Pennsylvania Utility Commission |year=2012}}
23. ^Anya Litvak., Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, PUC announces lower impact fee on drillers as natural gas price drops January 29, 2016
24. ^PA General Assembly, Summary of Marcellus Shale Impact Fee Legislation, 2012
25. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.act13-reporting.puc.pa.gov/Modules/PublicReporting/Overview.aspx |title=County Well Count Breakdown for 2014 |author=Pennsylvania Utility Commission |year=2015}}
26. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.act13-reporting.puc.pa.gov/Modules/PublicReporting/Overview.aspx |title=Disbursements and Impact Fees 2014 |author=Pennsylvania Utility Commission |year=2015}}
27. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.act13-reporting.puc.pa.gov/Modules/Reports/ReportViewer.aspx?rptPath=/Act%2013/CountyReport |title=Tioga County Total distribution for year 2013 : |author=PUC |year=2013}}
28. ^{{cite web |url=https://pennbpc.org/sites/pennbpc.org/files/tiogaCASESTUDY.pdf |title=Measuring the Costs and Benefits of Natural Gas Development in Tioga County, Pennsylvania: A Case Study |author=Pennsylvania Budget and Policy Center |date=April 2014}}
29. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.pennlive.com/midstate/index.ssf/2014/10/they_came_they_fracked_and_for.html |title=They came, they drilled, and for now some have left this Tioga County town |author=Dave Warner |publisher=PennLive.com |date=October 30, 2014 }}
30. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/2010census/|title=US Census Bureau 2010 Census|first=Center for New Media and|last=Promotions|date=|website=www.census.gov|accessdate=3 April 2018}}