| 词条 | Thirty-second Amendment of the Constitution Bill 2013 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Thirty-second Amendment of the Constitution Bill 2013 | title = To abolish the Seanad, the upper house of the Oireachtas | location = {{flagicon|Ireland}} Ireland | date = {{Start date|2013|10|4|df=y}} | yes = 591937 | no = 634437 | total = 1240729 | electorate = 3167484 | map = }} The Thirty-second Amendment of the Constitution (Abolition of Seanad Éireann) Bill 2013[1] was a proposal to amend the Constitution of Ireland to abolish Seanad Éireann, the upper house of the Irish parliament, the Oireachtas.[2] The proposal was rejected by the electorate in a referendum on 4 October 2013 by 51.7% voting against to 48.3% in favour.[3] The bill completed its passage through the Houses of the Oireachtas on 23 July 2013. Had it been approved, the Seanad would have ceased to exist after the following Irish general election, leaving Dáil Éireann as the sole house of the Oireachtas.[2] Because the Thirty-third Amendment was passed on the same day, there is no "Thirty-second Amendment". Background{{See also|Seanad Éireann#Calls for reform|Unicameralism}}The Seanad is a much weaker chamber than the Dáil.[4][5][6] The government usually has a majority in the Seanad, which has not rejected a bill passed by the Dáil since 1964.[4] Debate on the Seanad's future has focused on whether it would be better to reform it (with or without constitutional amendment) or to abolish it altogether.[4] In October 2009, Fine Gael leader Enda Kenny stated that it was his intention that a Fine Gael government would abolish the Seanad, and along with reducing the number of TDs by 20, it would "save an estimated €150m over the term of a Dáil."[7] This contrasted with a speech he had made in July 2009 arguing for reform rather than abolition of the Seanad. In August 2013, a pro-Seanad advocate alleged that Kenny's change was spurred by a "secret report" from party advisers; Fine Gael responded that the document in question had been published in March 2010.[8] In the 2011 election campaign, Labour and Sinn Féin also promised to abolish the Seanad,[9][10] while Fianna Fáil supported a referendum on the issue.[11] The programme of the Fine Gael–Labour coalition, which came to power at the election, promised to abolish the Seanad as part of a broader programme of constitutional reform.[12] BillFine Gael's 2011 election manifesto pledged to have a referendum to abolish the Seanad within 12 months of taking office; as Taoiseach in 2012, Enda Kenny attributed the delay in introducing the bill to the complexity of the changes required.[13] The bill as introduced makes 40 changes to the text of the Constitution.[2] As well as deleting references to the Seanad, the amendment had to insert transitional provisions to explicitly abolish it. These were required to allow for the delay between the time the amendment became law, expected to be autumn 2013, and the time the abolition was to take effect at the next election, which might not have been until 2016. The bill was discussed at cabinet in early May 2013,[14] and on 5 June approved by cabinet, though minister Joan Burton said they had not reviewed the bill in detail.[15] The bill was published that evening at a press conference at which Kenny and Tánaiste Eamon Gilmore both spoke.[2][16] The government also promised changes to the structure of Oireachtas committees and standing orders for discussing bills, additional to those necessitated by Seanad abolition.[17] The bill's second reading in the Dáil began on 13 June 2013,[18] and it passed all stages there on 25 June.[19] The Dáil then passed a resolution on the wording of the ballot paper question.[20] The bill was introduced in the Seanad the next day,[21] and passed its final stage there on 23 July, by 33 votes to 25.[22] Two Senators nominated by the Taoiseach voted against the bill, while the two Fine Gael Senators who had lost the whip the previous week for opposing the government's Protection of Life During Pregnancy Bill 2013 voted with the government.[22] Proposed changesIf the bill had become law, it would have immediately inserted a new transitional Article 19A into the Constitution. Article 19A provided that on the day before the first sitting of the new Dáil after the next general election, a range of other changes to the Constitution would have been triggered. These are listed in three separate schedules to the bill.[29]
1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.oireachtas.ie/viewdoc.asp?DocID=23654&&CatID=59|title=Thirty-second Amendment of the Constitution (Abolition of Seanad Éireann) Bill 2013|work=Bills 1992–2013|publisher=Oireachtas|accessdate=9 July 2013}} 2. ^1 2 3 {{cite news|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/government-publishes-seanad-abolition-referendum-details-1.1417902|title=Government publishes Seanad abolition referendum details|last=Burke Kennedy|first=Eoin|date=5 June 2013|work=The Irish Times|accessdate=5 June 2013}} 3. ^{{cite news |last1=McGee |first1=Harry |last2=Carroll |first2=Steven |title=Seanad to be retained after Government loses referendum|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/seanad-to-be-retained-after-government-loses-referendum-1.1551657 |accessdate=5 October 2013 |newspaper=Irish Times |date=5 October 2013}} 4. ^1 2 {{cite book|last1=Coakley|first1=John|last2=Gallagher|first2=Michael|title=Politics in the Republic of 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web|url=http://www.merrionstreet.ie/index.php/2013/06/government-announces-its-proposals-for-the-thirty-second-amendment-of-the-constitution-abolition-of-seanad-eireann-bill-2013-2/?cat=3|title=Proposals for 32nd Amendment of the Constitution (Abolition of Seanad Éireann) Bill 2013|date=5 June 2013|work=MerrionStreet.ie|publisher=Irish Government|accessdate=5 June 2013}} 17. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite news|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/referendum-campaign-to-scrap-seanad-begins-1.1418418|title=Referendum campaign to scrap Seanad begins|last=Beesley|first=Arthur|date=6 June 2013|work=The Irish Times|accessdate=6 June 2013}} 18. ^{{cite web |work=Dáil Debates |page=unrevised |date=13 June 2013 |url=http://oireachtasdebates.oireachtas.ie/debates%20authoring/debateswebpack.nsf/takes/dail2013061300030?opendocument#CC02500 |accessdate=14 June 2013 |title=Thirty-second Amendment of the Constitution (Abolition of Seanad Éireann) Bill 2013: Second Stage}} 19. ^{{cite 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news|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/lrc-chief-defends-move-to-chair-an-anti-seanad-group-1.1513880|title=LRC chief defends move to chair an anti-Seanad group|last=Beesley|first=Arthur|date=3 September 2013|work=The Irish Times|accessdate=25 September 2013}} 35. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/oireachtas/let-s-get-rid-of-the-sideshow-that-is-the-seanad-and-focus-on-what-matters-1.1538627|title=Let’s get rid of the sideshow that is the Seanad and focus on what matters|work=The Irish Times|date=24 September 2013|first=Des|last=O'Malley}} 36. ^1 2 {{cite news|url=http://www.rte.ie/news/2013/0920/475525-seanad-debate/|title=Not possible to estimate Seanad abolition savings - Oireachtas official|date=21 September 2013|publisher=RTÉ.ie|accessdate=21 September 2013}} 37. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.refcom.ie/en/news-media/oireachtas-response.pdf|format=PDF|title=Letter to David Waddell|last=Long|first=Gina|date=18 September 2013|publisher=Referendum Commission|accessdate=27 September 2013}} 38. ^1 {{cite news|url=http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/politics/doubts-cast-on-20m-seanad-savings-claim-29595098.html|title=Doubts cast on €20m Seanad savings claim|last=Sheahan|first=Fionnan|date=21 September 2013|work=Irish Independent|accessdate=21 September 2013}} 39. ^4% "didn’t believe the alleged savings"; 2% "the savings were not significant" 40. ^1 {{cite news |url=http://www.irishexaminer.com/breakingnews/ireland/ireland-has-too-many-politicians--says-taoiseach-596652.html |title=Ireland has too many politicians - says Taoiseach |date=5 June 2013 |work=Irish Examiner |accessdate=5 June 2013}} 41. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/green-party-warns-abolishing-seanad-would-concentrate-power-in-smaller-political-circle-29555594.html|title=Green party warns abolishing Seanad would concentrate power in 'smaller political circle'|last=Brennan|first=Michael|date=5 September 2013|work=Irish Independent|accessdate=6 September 2013}} 42. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/fine-gael-rebels-call-for-no-vote-29609677.html|title=Fine Gael rebels call for No vote|last=Sheahan|first=Fionnan|date=25 September 2013|work=Irish Independent|accessdate=25 September 2013}} 43. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.workerspartyireland.net/seanad.html|title=Defend Democracy, Vote No to abolition of Seanad|date=9 September 2013|publisher=Workers' Party of Ireland|accessdate=26 September 2013|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927134123/http://www.workerspartyireland.net/seanad.html|archivedate=27 September 2013|df=dmy-all}} 44. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.senatorkatherinezappone.ie/files/Open_It,_Dont_Close_It_-_Seanad_Reform.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922132035/http://www.senatorkatherinezappone.ie/files/Open_It,_Dont_Close_It_-_Seanad_Reform.pdf|dead-url=yes|archive-date=22 September 2013|title=Radical seanad reform through legislative change|author=Michael 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web|url=http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/bruton-insists-that-leaving-seanad-in-place-is-easy-option-29542970.html|title=Bruton insists that leaving Seanad in place is easy option|last=Brennan|first=Michael|date=1 September 2013 |work=Irish Independent |quote=Voters in the October 4 referendum will only be asked if they wish to retain or abolish the Seanad – the question of reform will not be on the ballot paper.|accessdate=6 September 2013}} 71. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/politics/mcdowell-must-make-his-mind-up-on-new-party-says-former-pd-colleague-29511806.html |title=McDowell must make his mind up on new party, says former PD colleague |last=Sheahan |first=Fionnan |author2=Ralph Riegel |date=20 August 2013 |work=Irish Independent |quote=The group also warned that the failure to include a critical third 'reform option' on the ballot represents a major strategic mistake.|accessdate=6 September 2013}} 72. ^{{cite web|url=http://oireachtasdebates.oireachtas.ie/debates%20authoring/debateswebpack.nsf/takes/dail2013091800024?opendocument#N14|title=Leaders' Questions (Continued)|date=18 September 2013|work=Dáil debates|page=14|accessdate=20 September 2013}} 73. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/kenny-defends-refusal-to-debate-seanad-abolition-on-television-with-martin-1.1532445|title=Kenny defends refusal to debate Seanad abolition on television with Martin|last=O'Regan|first=Michael|date=19 September 2013|work=The Irish Times|accessdate=20 September 2013}} 74. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/politics/bruton-no-plans-for-reform-of-house-if-vote-is-lost-29598598.html|title=Bruton: no plans for reform of House if vote is lost|last=Sheahan|first=Fionnan|date=23 September 2013|work=Irish Independent|accessdate=23 September 2013}} 75. ^{{cite web|url=http://oireachtasdebates.oireachtas.ie/debates%20authoring/debateswebpack.nsf/takes/dail2013092400021?opendocument#T01150|title=Seanad Referendum|date=24 September 2013|work=Dáil debates|pages=21–26|accessdate=27 September 2013}} 76. ^{{cite news|url=http://newstalk.ie/Kenny--Martin-finally-take-part-in-TV-debate-on-Seanad|title=Kenny & Martin finally take part in 'TV' debate on Seanad|last=Gallagher|first=Páraic|date=24 September 2013|publisher=Newstalk|accessdate=27 September 2013}} 77. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/taoiseach-enda-kenny-rules-out-rte-debate-on-seanad-29618067.html|title=Taoiseach Enda Kenny rules out RTÉ debate on Seanad|last=O'Hora|first=Ailish|date=28 September 2013|work=Irish Independent|accessdate=28 September 2013}} 78. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.rte.ie/news/2013/1001/477515-seanad-referendum/|title=Bruton to take part in TV debate on Seanad abolition referendum|date=1 October 2013|publisher=RTÉ|accessdate=1 October 2013}} 79. ^{{cite web|url = http://www.thejournal.ie/seanad-debate-live-blog-1109768-Oct2013/|title= AS IT HAPPENED: Prime Time Seanad debate|date=1 October 2013|work=The Journal|accessdate=2 October 2013}} 80. ^{{cite web|url = http://www.rte.ie/news/2013/1001/477515-seanad-referendum/|title= Bruton and Martin debate abolition of the Seanad|date=1 October 2013|work=RTÉ News|accessdate=2 October 2013}} 81. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/politics/enda-spared-from-croke-park-booing-29618344.html|title=Enda spared from Croke Park booing|last=Reilly|first=Jerome|author2=Daniel McConnell and John Drennan|date=29 September 2013|work=Sunday Independent|accessdate=29 September 2013}} 82. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/ground-may-be-shifting-in-debate-on-future-of-seanad-1.1516270|title=Ground may be shifting in debate on future of Seanad|last=McGee|first=Harry|date=5 September 2013|work=The Irish Times|accessdate=6 September 2013}} 83. ^21% don't know; 8% won't vote 84. ^1 2 {{cite news|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/seanad-referendum-set-to-pass-on-cost-argument-1.1544381|title=Seanad referendum set to pass on cost argument|last=Beesley|first=Arthur|date=30 September 2013|work=The Irish Times|accessdate=30 September 2013}} 85. ^32% don't know; 10% won't vote 86. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/poll-clear-majority-in-favour-of-abolishing-seanad-29617984.html|title=Poll: Clear majority in favour of abolishing Seanad|last=McConnell|first=Daniel|date=28 September 2013|work=Sunday Independent|accessdate=28 September 2013}} 87. ^15% don't know; 3% won't vote 88. ^{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/sob999/status/381465364804427776|title=Tweet 381465364804427776|last=O'Brien|first=Stephen|date=21 September 2013|publisher=Twitter|accessdate=22 September 2013}} 89. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.rte.ie/news/2013/0921/475672-ba-poll-sunday-times/|title=New poll suggests Labour Party experiencing an increase in support|date=21 September 2013|publisher=RTÉ.ie|accessdate=22 September 2013}} 90. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.banda.ie/assets/files/J.4974%20Sunday%20Times%20Report%20%20Sept%202013.pdf|title=J.4769: Sunday Times Opinion Poll|last=McShane|first=Ian|date=September 2013|publisher=Behaviour & Attitudes|pages=3, 12|accessdate=22 September 2013|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927140807/http://www.banda.ie/assets/files/J.4974%20Sunday%20Times%20Report%20%20Sept%202013.pdf|archivedate=27 September 2013|df=dmy-all}} 91. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.rte.ie/news/2013/0914/474284-red-c-poll/ |title=Sunday Business Post/Red C poll shows drop in support for both Government parties |date=14 September 2013 |work=RTÉ.ie |accessdate=16 September 2013}} 92. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.rte.ie/news/2013/0809/467288-seanad-referendum-poll/|title=Poll shows fall in support for Seanad abolition|date=9 August 2013|publisher=RTÉ.ie|accessdate=9 August 2013}} 93. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/oireachtas/majority-of-voters-want-seanad-abolished-poll-1.1429633 |title=Majority of voters want Seanad abolished – poll |work=Irish Times |date=15 June 2013}} 94. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.rte.ie/news/2013/0613/456490-opinion-poll-seanad-politics/ |title=Poll shows 52% favour Seanad abolition |work=RTÉ News |date=13 June 2013}} 95. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.thejournal.ie/constitutional-convention-views-689707-Nov2012/ |title=Voters want to scrap Seanad, give diaspora the vote and review Constitution |last=O'Connell |first=Hugh |date=26 November 2012 |work=thejournal.ie |accessdate=19 August 2013}} 96. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/poll-shows-increase-in-support-for-abolishing-seanad-29542387.html |title=Poll shows increase in support for abolishing Seanad |last=McConnell |first=Daniel |date=1 September 2013 |work=Sunday Independent |accessdate=16 September 2013}} 97. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/politics/kenny-faces-defeat-on-seanad-abolition-29507557.html|title=Kenny faces defeat on Seanad abolition|last=Drennan|first=John |date=18 August 2013|work=Sunday Independent|accessdate=18 August 2013}} 98. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/fg-and-ff-neck-and-neck-in-poll-29507501.html|title=FG and FF neck and neck in poll|last=McConnell|first=Daniel|date=18 August 2013|work=Sunday Independent|quote=The face-to-face poll of 985 adults was conducted at 66 sampling points across Ireland between August 3 and August12.|accessdate=18 August 2013}} 99. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.rte.ie/news/2013/0706/460961-ff-support-up-fg-lab-down-opinion-poll/ |title=Poll suggests Fianna Fáil and Sinn Féin support up but fall in backing for Fine Gael, Labour and Seanad abolition |work=RTÉ News |date=7 July 2013}} 100. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.independent.ie/opinion/analysis/paul-moran-clear-winners-and-losers-in-the-cabinet-battle-for-poll-position-28952567.html |title=Clear winners and losers in the Cabinet battle for poll position - Independent.ie|last=Moran|first=Paul|date=30 December 2012|work=Sunday Independent|accessdate=18 August 2013}} 101. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/public-not-convinced-seanad-worth-keeping-26745344.html |title=Public not convinced Seanad worth keeping |last=Sheahan |first=Fionnan |date=24 June 2011 |work=Sunday Independent |accessdate=18 August 2013}} 102. ^1 {{cite news|url=http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/polling-cards-to-dead-error-corrected-29628757.html|title=Polling cards to dead error corrected|last=Carty|first=Ed|date=2 October 2013|work=Irish Independent|accessdate=3 October 2013}} 103. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.housing.gov.ie/sites/default/files/migrated-files/en/Publications/LocalGovernment/Voting/referendum_results_1937-2015.pdf|work=Department of Housing, Planning and Local Government|title=Referendum Results 1937–2015|page=89|date=23 August 2016|accessdate=9 May 2018}} 104. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/referendum-2013/seanad-results|title=Seanad Results|work=The Irish Times|date=5 October 2013}} The two transitional articles would not have been printed in official versions of the Constitution after the date of abolition;[29] this emulates the handling of the 1937 transitional articles by which the current Irish state succeeded the Irish Free State. Consequential changesArticles and sections which describe the Seanad or the relationship between the two Houses would have been deleted; later sections of an Article would have been renumbered to fill the gaps of deleted sections, but later Articles would not have been renumbered.[25] Articles 53 and 55 are spent transitory provisions from the Oireachtas of the Irish Free State, removed since they related to the post-1937 Seanad. Many other consequential changes involved the replacement of "[either/both] House[s] of the Oireachtas" with "Dáil Éireann". Some changes were less mechanical:[25]
Positions in the debatePro-abolitionArguments in favour of the bill included: that abolition would save money; that the number of legislators is too large relative to the state's population; that the method of selection is elitist and undemocratic; and that the Seanad is a powerless rubber-stamp.[28] In an opinion poll for The Irish Times the week before the referendum, the reasons given by prospective yes-voters were: cost (43%), lack of power (16%), superfluity (14%), to reduce the number of politicians (8%) and lack of democratic election (5%).[38] Abolition was supported by Fine Gael,[29] Labour,[29] Sinn Féin,[41] and the Socialist Party.[30] Although Sinn Féin opposed the bill in the Oireachtas and argued that the Seanad's future should be discussed by the Constitutional Convention,[17][44] it announced in late July that it was supporting abolition as the Seanad was "elite and out of touch".[31] A non-party pro-abolition group called "One House" launched its campaign on 2 September 2013.[32][33] Opponents alleged that the participation of its head, Kieran Mulvey, compromised his professional position as chairman of the Labour Relations Commission.[34] Desmond O'Malley, founder of the Progressive Democrats, called for Seanad abolition and additional political reform.[35]The Fine Gael campaign claimed that the annual net saving to taxpayers of abolishing the Seanad would be €20m, a figure disputed by opponents.[36] The Referendum Commission wrote to the Oireachtas finance officer, who put the annual cost of the Seanad at €8.8m in pay and expenses for Senators and their personal staff; €9.3m in support and infrastructure; and €2m in pensions.[36][37][38] The officer said that it was not possible to estimate how much of this cost would be saved by abolishing the Seanad.[36][37][38] Anti-abolitionArguments opposing the bill included: that a No-vote will create a mandate for reform of the Seanad; that the process of legislation needs greater scrutiny; that most Westminster system countries have bicameral legislatures; and that the Irish financial crisis shows a need for more governance.[28] In an opinion poll for The Irish Times the week before the referendum, the reasons given by prospective no-voters were: as a check on the government (54%), because they disliked the government (20%), and because they did not believe there would be significant cost savings (6%[39]).[38] Fianna Fáil stated that it opposed abolition and instead supported reform of the Seanad.[17][40] The Green Party opposed abolition as concentrating power in a "smaller political circle".[41] On 25 September 2013 the Reform Alliance, of Oireachtas members expelled from Fine Gael for opposing the Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act 2013, called for a No-vote.[42] The Workers' Party of Ireland characterised the bill as "a power grab by the kitchen cabinet within the cabinet".[43] Independent members of the Seanad were opposed to its abolition. In 2012, Michael McDowell, Joe O'Toole, Noel Whelan, Feargal Quinn and Katherine Zappone published a 30-page blueprint for reform of the Seanad, with the slogan "Open it, don't close it", which was discussed in the Seanad.[44][45] They formed the "Seanad Reform Group", which in May 2013 became "Democracy Matters", to lobby against abolition.[46] In 2013, two groups of Senators and one group of TDs each introduced a separate bill proposing to reform the Seanad by replacing the restricted-franchise Vocational panel elections with general-franchise elections.[47][48][49] Several former Taoiseach-nominated senators from Northern Ireland endorsed the opportunity the Seanad provided for cross-border input to the state's politics.[50]Several TDs from the governing Labour Party, including its chief whip Emmet Stagg, said that they would vote against abolition in the referendum, while supporting the bill in the Oireachtas.[51] The Union of Students in Ireland campaigned for a no vote.[52] Commentators including Vincent Browne suggested that Enda Kenny's 2009 announcement of his intention to abolish the Seanad was a U-turn from his position of several months earlier, and an impulsive publicity stunt announced without consulting any party colleagues.[53][54] Breda O'Brien suggested voters should tick the "No" box on the ballot and also write the word "Reform" on it;[55] a suggestion endorsed by Fintan O'Toole despite the risk of thereby spoiling the ballot.[56] Both columnists characterised the government's putative reform of Dáil procedures as a charade to disguise a migration of power from the legislature to the cabinet and the Economic Management Council.[55][56]Course of the referendum campaignThe Referendum Commission was established by the Minister for the Environment, Community and Local Government on 6 June 2012, with High Court judge Elizabeth Dunne as chair.[57][58] While such a Commission was required by law to supervise any referendum, previous Commissions had not been established prior to the successful passage through the Oireachtas of the relevant amendment bill.[58] The earlier establishment in this case was in response to complaints that previous referendum campaigns had been too short to enable the electorate to form a considered opinion.[58] A small team of officials from the Department of the Taoiseach assisted the government's campaign to have the bill passed. In the event of the bill's receiving majority approval in the referendum, this team would have remained in place to plan consequent changes to statute law to remove from it all references to the Seanad. These changes would have needed to be in place before a new Dáil met following the next general election.[59] After the bill was passed by the Seanad on 23 July 2013, a tweet from Fine Gael stated that the date of the referendum would be 4 October.[17] There was criticism of the manner of the announcement, and the government denied later that evening that a formal decision on the date had been made.[17] The next day, the Local Government Minister Phil Hogan made the necessary order establishing 4 October as the date for the referendum on the Seanad bill, and for a separate referendum on another Constitutional amendment to establish a Court of Appeal.[60] The Fine Gael "yes" vote campaign was headed by minister Richard Bruton, assisted by first-term TD Regina Doherty, who described the Seanad as "shockingly undemocratic" at the press conference launching the campaign.[61] David Norris stated in the Seanad, "I object in the strongest possible way to the idea that someone who has spent years in the House should have to listen to the Regina monologue from someone who has not been a wet weekend in the Oireachtas and is talking through her fanny."[61] He later withdrew the remarks, calling them "intemperate".[62] The referendum commission's dedicated website was launched on 5 September 2013.[63][64] The Seanad was recalled early from its summer recess on 20 August 2013, after a petition by Senator Mark Daly of Fianna Fáil secured the support of the necessary twenty senators.[65] The recall was to discuss annulling a 2012 statutory instrument implementing a 2010 EU directive on organ donation.[65][66] The rarely used power of annulment requires resolutions by both Houses.[65][67][68] A petition to recall the Dáil was unsuccessful, and Fine Gael accused Daly of an expensive and ineffectual publicity stunt relating to the Seanad abolition campaign.[65] Some government members suggested that if the abolition amendment were to be rejected at the referendum, then the government would consider proposals for reform of the Seanad instead.[69] Others pointed out that reform was not an option listed on the ballot paper.[70][71] On 20 September, when Micheál Martin asked in leader's questions whether the Taoiseach would reform the Seanad if the referendum were defeated, his response was, "Deputy Martin will not walk me down that avenue."[72][73] On 23 September, Richard Bruton said there were no plans to reform the Seanad if the referendum were defeated.[74] In the Dáil on 24 September, Martin questioned the role of civil servants in the referendum campaign, and invited Kenny to a public debate on the question of abolition.[75] RTÉ offered to stage a debate on Prime Time on 1 October 2013, three days before the referendum.[76] While Kenny decided not to take part, Richard Bruton agreed to participate.[77][78] The debate was moderated by Miriam O'Callaghan.[79][80] The Sunday Independent on 29 September reported that Fine Gael had been limiting media access to Enda Kenny, and had singled out high-profile Independent senators Feargal Quinn and John Crown to criticise their attendance.[81] Harry McGee of The Irish Times suggested that voter turnout would be low, with middle-class graduates with a vote in the Seanad university constituencies more likely both to vote and to vote No, and that Sinn Féin's campaign could be crucial for the Yes side.[82] Opinion pollsSome opinion polls asked specifically how respondents would vote in the referendum on the 2013 bill; others asked a more general question on whether respondents felt the Seanad should be abolished, "reformed", or retained unchanged. This includes polls taken after the programme for government in 2011 which announced the plan to abolish the Seanad, but before the bill to effect this was published in 2013.
ResultDublin City Council apologised after using an out-of-date electoral register file to generate polling information cards; this resulted in 35,000 voters and deceased people receiving incorrect information about where to vote.[102] Cards were regenerated using the correct data.[102]{{Referendum|title = Thirty-second Amendment of the Constitution Bill 2013[103] |no = 634,437 |nopct = 51.73 |yes = 591,937 |yespct = 48.27 |valid = 1,226,374 |validpct = 98.84 |invalid = 14,355 |invalidpct = 1.16 |total = 1,240,729 |turnoutpct = 39.17 |electorate = 3,167,484 }}
Notes{{Reflist|group=n}}ReferencesSources
Citations{{Reflist|2}}External links
10 : 2013 in Irish law|2013 in Irish politics|2013 in the Republic of Ireland|Enda Kenny|Failed amendments of the Constitution of Ireland|Constitutional referendums in the Republic of Ireland|Seanad Éireann|Unicameral legislatures|October 2013 events in Europe|2010s elections in Ireland |
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