词条 | Tithe barn |
释义 |
A tithe barn was a type of barn used in much of northern Europe in the Middle Ages for storing rents and tithes. Farmers were required to give one-tenth of their produce to the established Church. Tithe barns were usually associated with the village church or rectory, and independent farmers took their tithes there. The village priests did not have to pay tithes—the purpose of the tithe being their support. Some operated their own farms anyway. The former church property has sometimes been converted to village greens. Many were monastic barns, originally used by the monastery itself or by a monastic grange. The word 'grange' is (indirectly) derived from Latin granarium ('granary'). Identical barns were found on royal domains and country estates. The medieval aisled barn was developed in the 12th and 13th centuries, following the examples of royal halls, hospitals and market halls. Its predecessors included Roman horrea and prehistoric longhouses. According to English Heritage, "exactly how barns in general were used in the Middle Ages is less well understood than might be expected, and the subject abounds with myths (for example, not one of England's surviving architecturally impressive barns was a tithe barn, although such barns existed)".[1] ExamplesEnglandMedievalThere are surviving examples of medieval barns in England, some of them known as "tithe barns". English Heritage established criteria to determine if barns were used as tithe barns.[2] The total number of surviving medieval barns (dated up to 1550) in Britain may be estimated about 200.[3]
LaterThere are many extant barns that date from after the Medieval period and may be called "tithe barns" by their owners or councils. These include:
Germany
France
Belgium
See also
Notes and references1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/daysout/properties/harmondsworth-barn/history-and-research/research |title=Research on Harmondsworth Barn |publisher=English Heritage |accessdate=21 August 2013}} 2. ^1 The Great Coxwell "Tithe Barn" was not really a tithe barn, according to English Heritage. 3. ^{{cite book | first = Jeremy | last = Lake | title = Historic Farm Buildings: An Introduction and Guide | location = London | publisher = Cassell Illustrated | year = 1989 | isbn = 978-0713719697}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.aberford.net/2006/12/lost-village-of-hillam-burchard.html |title=The Lost Village of Hillam Burchard |accessdate= 21 July 2008 |last=Piper |first=Marolyn | date = 4 December 2006 | work = Aberford People}} 5. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.cleevetithebarn.org.uk/Open_news.htm | title = The History of the Tithe Barn | date = 14 December 2013 | work = Bishop's Cleeve Village Hall - The Tithe Barn | publisher = Cleve Tithe Barn | access-date = 2 April 2018}} 6. ^{{cite news | url = https://www.cambridge-news.co.uk/news/cambridge-news/centuries-old-tithe-barn-given-12453432 | title = Centuries old tithe barn given boost by new grant: Volunteers want to restore the rare sixteenth-century barn for community use | first = Tom | last = Pilgrim | date = 15 January 2017 | work = Cambridge News | access-date = 2 April 2018}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.iwight.com/azservices/documents/1322-Local%20List%20Database%20220211.pdf|title=Local List 22nd February 2011|date=22 February 2011|publisher=Isle of Wight Council|format=PDF|work=Isle of Wight Council's List of Locally Listed Buildings|accessdate=9 December 2016|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6mcyMMy1k?url=https://www.iwight.com/azservices/documents/1322-Local%20List%20Database%20220211.pdf|archivedate=9 December 2016|deadurl=no|df=}} 8. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.dunstertithebarn.org.uk/history.html | title = HISTORY OF TITHES AND THE BARN | work=Dunster Tithe Barn |accessdate=21 August 2013}} 9. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.mellingtithebarn.org.uk/thebarn.html | title = Melling Tithebarn Arts Association - The Tithebarn | work = MTAA: Melling Tithebarn Arts Association | publisher = Melling Tithebarn Arts Association | access-date = 2 April 2018 | dead-url = no | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170209045622/http://www.mellingtithebarn.org.uk/thebarn.html | archive-date = 9 February 2017}} 10. ^{{cite web |url=http://uk.tourisme93.com/tithe-barn-tremblay.html |title=Tithe barn of Tremblay-en-France | work = Seine-Saint-Denis Tourisme | publisher = Comité Départemental du Tourisme}} 11. ^Prieuré du Mont-Saint-Michel Site Pelerin-montsaintmichel.org 12. ^{{Mérimée|PA00080047|Écouen}} 13. ^{{Base Mérimée|PA00098763|Dammarie-en-Puisaye}} Further reading
External links{{Commons category|Tithe barns}}
3 : Barns|Lists of buildings and structures in England|Tithe barns |
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