| 词条 | Titus Billings |
| 释义 |
| name = Titus Billings | PD_image = Titus Billings Large.jpg | birth_date = {{birth date|1793|03|25}} | birth_place = Greenfield, Massachusetts, United States | death_date = {{death date and age|1866|02|06|1793|03|25}} | death_place = Provo, Utah Territory, United States | resting_place = Provo City Cemetery | resting_place_coordinates = {{Coord|40.225|-111.6444|type:landmark|display=inline|name=Provo City Cemetery}} | spouse = Mary Ann Tuttle Diantha Morley | children = 13 | position_or_quorum1 = Second Counselor to the Bishop of the Church | president1 = Edward Partridge | start_date1 = {{start date|1837|08|01}} | end_date1 = {{end date|1840|05|27}} | end_reason1 = Honorably released at the death of Edward Partridge | poly_date = January 20, 1854 | poly_wives = 2 | list_notes = An early member of the Latter Day Saint movement and a contemporary of both Joseph Smith and Brigham Young. He was one of the first converts to The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Billings was present at many of the early events of the Latter Day Saint movement, and served as a church leader in Ohio, Missouri and Utah. }} Titus Billings (March 25, 1793 – February 6, 1866) was an early convert to the Latter Day Saint movement. He served in several positions in the church and was a contemporary of Joseph Smith, and Brigham Young. Billings was a counselor in the first Bishopric of the Church to Edward Partridge. He participated in the Battle of Crooked River, and was a colonel in the Nauvoo Legion. He participated in the Mormon migration as a Captain of Fifty in the second company, and was a notable settler of Manti, Utah. Early lifeBillings was born in Greenfield, Massachusetts, on March 24, 1793.[1] He was the son of Ebeneezer Billings and Ester Joyce. One notable ancestor is Sir Thomas Billing, Chief Justice of the Kings Bench in England. Cambellite communeOn February 16, 1817, he married Diantha Morley. Diantha and her older brother Isaac Morley were members of Sidney Rigdon's congregation of Campbellites. This utopian group practiced communal principles, holding goods in common for the benefit of all of the members. They also held the belief, called Restorationism, that a purer form of Christianity should be restored using the early Christian church as a model. These beliefs would serve as a backdrop for Billings's membership in the "Church of Christ", as the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints was first called, including his future participation in the United Order. When Sidney Rigdon joined the fledgling Church of Christ he held a two-hour sermon explaining to his congregation why he was making the commitment. The next morning, November 15, 1830, he was baptized.[2] Upon calling for more converts, Billings stepped forward and was the second person baptized in Kirtland, Ohio.[3] Early church membershipIn March 1831 Joseph Smith said he had received a revelation directing the Saints to impart of their land and money to the church.[4] In August 1831 Billings was commanded to sell the Morley Family farm and holdings in preparation to move to Independence, Missouri.[5] On March 10, 1832, he was ordained an elder by Thomas B Marsh.[6] While en route to Jackson County, Missouri, he met with Joseph Smith on The Charleston, a steam packet in Louisville, Kentucky. The Billings family arrived in Clay County, Missouri, in May.[7] While in Missouri, Billings participated in the United Order covenant which was made with Edward Partridge, the first bishop of the Church. The United Order was short-lived, though, and anti-Mormon pressure at the time caused Billings to lose much of his property. While storing hay on a rented farm owned by then Governor Boggs, a mob burned 24 tons of the hay and later forced Billings out of Clay County.[8] In February 1835 Titus and Diantha were called to return to Kirtland to help finish the Kirtland temple. Titus was a stonemason, carpenter, and musician, while Diantha designed the original temple garments. In March, upon the temple’s completion, Diantha sang at the dedication services and Titus became a member of the School of the Prophets. The Billings family moved back to Missouri in 1837, and Titus was sustained as 2nd Councilor to Bishop Edward Partridge at the General Conference of the church in Far West.[9] He served in this calling until the death of Bishop Partridge in 1840. Mob persecutionOn October 25, 1838, Billings participated in the Battle of Crooked River, and as part of the aftermath was forced to flee from his home to the Des Moines River. While fleeing the mob he suffered from lack of food for several days and frostbite on his feet. As a result of the battle, Governor Boggs signed the infamous Extermination order. Billings signed a petition documenting the losses of property during this time which were never recovered. Escaping the mobs, he and his family moved to what became known as Morleytown or Yelrome, which is near modern-day Lima, Illinois, and is a short distance from Nauvoo, Illinois. In February 1841 the Nauvoo Legion was organized and Billings was made a captain. By September, Billings was promoted to the rank of colonel in the legion.[10] On August 22, 1842, Billings was called on a mission to the New England states. Luman Andros Shurtliff was his companion. They returned in June 1843 after suffering much and having only small successes.[11] In September 1846, Isaac Morley's cooper shop was burned and the Billings family and all of the residents of Morleytown moved to Nauvoo. During this time Billings worked daily on the Nauvoo temple until its completion. However, due to mob pressure, their stay was short-lived, and after the death of Joseph Smith the Billings family and the saints moved out of Nauvoo. In 1848 Billings was appointed as a Captain of Fifty in Heber C Kimball’s company of pioneers.[12] The company arrived in Salt Lake Valley in the winter of 1848. In February 1849 Billings was called to the Greater Salt Lake City Stake High Council.[13] Utah settlementAfter Ute Indian leader Walkara invited church president Brigham Young to send colonists to the Sanpitch (now Sanpete) Valley in central Utah, Young dispatched Isaac Morley and other settlers, including the Titus Billings family, to what is now the location of Manti, Utah.[14] Manti was incorporated by the legislature in Salt Lake City, and the area was surveyed in 1851. Upon completion of the survey, the settlers left their temporary shelters at Temple Hill and moved to their city lots. Billings and Jezreel Shomaker built the first houses, and were followed by others before the next winter.[15] The Billings home still stands . Billings lived in Manti and was a member of the Stake presidency there in 1851. Initially the native tribes of the area were friendly towards the settlers while still at war with one another. When one tribe had a victory over another, often the women and children of the opposing tribe were taken as slaves. Upon seeing the cruel treatment of the newly enslaved children, the pioneers would sometimes purchase the children from their captors to liberate them. Titus Billings purchased a young Indian girl and gave her to Diantha to raise as a daughter. Diantha named the girl Rose Billings. After a few years the pioneers were able to convince the tribes that the Great Spirit was displeased with them for their cruelty to prisoners, and the practice gradually died out.[16] PolygamyOn January 20, 1854, Titus married Mary Ann Tuttle as his second wife under the practice of polygamy. Mary Ann was the divorced ex-plural wife of Howard Egan. She bore four children with Titus before they too divorced. DeathIn his later years, Billings moved to Provo, Utah, and died there at the age of 72. He is buried in the Provo Cemetery with his first wife Diantha.[17] ProgenyChildren from Diantha Morley Billings:
Children from Mary Ann Tuttle:
Notable descendants
References1. ^Price, F. Lynn. "Every Person in the Doctrine and Covenants" 1997 pg. 17 {{ISBN|0-88290-597-X}}, 9780882905976 2. ^Rodney Stark, Roger Finke. "Acts of faith: explaining the human side of religion" 2000 pg. 132-133 {{ISBN|0-520-22202-4}}, {{ISBN|978-0-520-22202-1}} 3. ^Price, F. Lynn. "Every Person in the Doctrine and Covenants" 1997 pg. 17 {{ISBN|0-88290-597-X}}, 9780882905976 4. ^The Doctrine and Covenants, {{sourcetext|source=The Doctrine and Covenants|book=Covenant 48|verse=1}} 5. ^The Doctrine and Covenants, {{sourcetext|source=The Doctrine and Covenants|book=Covenant 63|verse=39}} 6. ^Pearson Harris Corbett. "Hyrum Smith, patriarch" 1963 Deseret Book Co. pg. 98 7. ^Jenson, Andrew "The Historical record, Volumes 7-9" 1888 pg.403 8. ^Johnson, Clark V. "Mormon redress petitions: documents of the 1833-1838 Missouri conflict" Volume 16 of Religious Studies Center monograph series 1992 pg. 139-140 {{ISBN|0-88494-850-1}}, {{ISBN|978-0-88494-850-6}} 9. ^"The Latter-Day Saints' Millennial Star" 1852 pg. 449 10. ^Wells, Junius F. "The Contributor: representing the Young men's and Young ladies' mutual improvement associations of the Latter-day saints", Volume 9 1888 pg. 47 11. ^Shurtliff, Luman. Autobiography (1807-1847) "Biographical Sketch of the Life of Luman Andros Shurtliff," http://www.boap.org/LDS/Early-Saints/LShurtliff.html 12. ^Jenson, Andrew "The Historical record, Volumes 7-9" 1888 pg. 902 13. ^Jenson, Andrew "Church chronology: a record of important events pertaining to the history of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints" 1886 pg. 34 14. ^Warrum, Noble "Utah since statehood: historical and biographical, Volume 1" 1919 pg. 520 15. ^Lever W.H. "History of Sanpete and Emery counties, Utah : with sketches of cities, towns and villages, chronology of important events, records of Indian wars, portraits of prominent persons, and biographies of representative citizens" 1898 pg. 17 16. ^Kimball, Solomon F. "Improvement era, Volume 11" 1908 pg. 738 17. ^Jenson, Andrew "Church chronology: a record of important events pertaining to the history of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints" 1886 pg. 70 External links
|width="30%" align="center" |{{nowrap|Position Vacant May 27, 1840 – April 7, 1851}} Succeeded by Jesse Carter Little {{nowrap| as Second Counselor in the Presiding Bishopric of}} {{nowrap| The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints }}{{s-end}}{{LDSpresidingbishopric}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Billings, Titus}} 10 : 1793 births|1866 deaths|American general authorities (LDS Church)|Converts to Mormonism from Restoration Movement denominations|Counselors in the Presiding Bishopric (LDS Church)|Doctrine and Covenants people|Mormon pioneers|People from Greenfield, Massachusetts|Religious leaders from Massachusetts|Latter Day Saints from Ohio |
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