“Thomas Wylde (clothier)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Thomas Wylde was elected to the Parliament of 1547 in 1551 to fill a vacancy. He was re-elected in 1558.^[2] shortly before his death.

Worcester City

Business

By late medieval times the population of Worcester had grown to around 10,000^[3] as the manufacture of cloth started to become a large local industry. The town was designated a county corporate, giving it autonomy from local government.

Thomas Wylde was a clothier. It is believed he made the greatest part of his fortune when the wool trade with the Low Countries was blocked by war. His business at Worcester then a centre of cloth manufacture was so prosperous that not long after the dissolution of the monasteries by Henry VIII he purchased the site and surviving buildings of an old religious foundation at Worcester called the Hospital or more familiarly "The Commandery”. At his death his house had 31 rooms, one of them containing 20 feather beds. It was to remain in his Wylde family until 1785.^[4]

An overmantel with arched panels and Wylde heraldry dated c. 1594 has been relocated to the north-west room of the garden wing. The principal items of architectural interest are the Great Hall, 1470s, a good staircase of about 1600 and in a separate wing the Solar of similar detail to the hall. A remarkable survival is a painted chamber with stencilled decoration and wall paintings of religious subjects believed to have been made about 1490 and rediscovered in 1935: ceiling - the Trinity; north wall - St Michael weighing souls; south wall - martyrdom of St Erasmus and St Thomas Becket. There is more.^[5]

The Commandery

Bought by Wylde in 1544 from Henry VIII's propagandist Richard Morrison, the complex of buildings comprising the hospital of St Wulfstan is said to have been founded 1085^[6] though it may have been up to two centuries later.^[5] It served as an almshouse as well as a place of hospitality for travelers. It is situated just outside Worcester’s Sidbury Gate on the London road and had been disused after its suppression in 1540 following the dissolution of the monasteries. Then, like many establishments of the Knights of St John of Jerusalem, known as the Commandery it has kept that name.^[4] The present building, largely of close-studding is mostly late 15th century, much of it later clad with brick or rendered. It now forms an irregular extended H-plan, but was probably originally built around two courtyards.^[5]

At the time of the final battle of the Civil War the house then in the occupation of great-great-grandson Thomas Wylde (1622–1669) was made the headquarters of Charles II's Royalist army. The Duke of Hamilton was to die there, sealing his fate by refusing the amputation of his wounded leg. In the 20th century the house was made the nation's prime Civil War museum. An old mound in the grounds used previously to defend Sidbury Gate was fortified in 1651 and is now known as Fort Royal. Fort Royal and that part of its park are now separated from the house by Wyld(e)'s Lane.

Marriages

Thomas Wylde died on 11 August 1559^[2] soon after Queen Elizabeth acceded to the throne 17 November 1558.

In the nave of Worcester Cathedral under the fourth arch on the south side is an altar monument to his eldest son and heir Robert Wylde (~1535-1608) and his wife née Margaret Cowling (~1524-1606) bearing their effigies.^[7]

Charitable bequests

Worcester Free School

While attending parliament Wylde obtained from the crown £6 a year for its master. He then bequeathed Little Pitchcroft and 4½ acres in Great Pitchcroft to re-establish the Free school, and Trinity almshouses. In 1848 these endowments were described: "land now producing, with subsequent donations, an income of nearly £300 (1848): the buildings, situated partly in the parish of St. Nicholas, and partly in that of St. Swithin, consist of a schoolroom, with a dwelling-house for the master, and 29 apartments for the almspeople.^[8]

Other bequests

His will has been lost but such portion of it which does survive within the Worcester city records includes in addition to arrangements for his widow and children and his brothers and sisters and his two fathers-in-law;

"Thomas Wylde, clothier, 1558, includes "Our blessed Lady" among the Divine Beings to whom he bequeaths his soul; desires "that there be at my burial as many prestes and clarckes to praye for my soule as may be convenyant, and a sermond made by some discrete lerned man, having for his paynes 6s. 8d.; "to twelve pore men to bear lightes at my buriall, a black gown each; "to the pore, to pray for my soule and all Christen sowles," .£13. 6s. 8d.; "lykewyse to the pore at or before my monthes mynde, "£6. 13s. 4d.

"Upon the highways between Worcester and Kempsey he orders £20 to be laid out. For "ye mariage of 20 maidens to be maryed within the cittie of Worcester within two yeares next after my deathe," £20, by 20s. each, at the discretion of the executors, "Where need shall require." He gave Little Pitchcroft and 4½ acres of meadow in Great Pitchcroft to the Corporation on condition that within two years after his decease they shoidd erect and establish a free school in the city "to bringe uppe youthe in their A B, mattens, evensonge, and other lernynge, "which shall make them mete and reddie to ye Kinges gramer scole," but if not done within two years then the said lands to revert to his heirs,"if his wife married again, "then the children's portions to be put into the Chamber of the city, unless her husbande shall finde sufficient suretie for the same."

"To every one of his apprentices and journeymen he leaves a black coat and 6s. 8d., and to each of his maid servants a black gown and 6s. 8d. His wife and son Robert were appointed executors; and his father Walle, his father Ledington, and his cousin Heywood, are desired to be "overseers" of the will."^[9]

Dynasty

Links to some notable descendants are highlighted. Following the sale of The Commandery in 1785 the principal line continued from Shropshire where the matrilineal name Browne was added in 1788 by letters patent to form Wylde-Browne.

Kin

Edmund Wylde (1618–1695) latterly of Glazeley Shropshire and MP for Droitwich having no heirs left his considerable estates to Thomas Wylde (1670–1740) of The Commandery^[10] enabling Thomas to serve in nine parliaments between 1701 and 1727 to no profit to himself or his family.

References

1. ^The manor of Impney, A History of the County of Worcester: volume 3 Victoria County History, pp. 58-69’’
2. ^¹²³Alan Davidson Thomas Wild, The History of Parliament 1509-1558, 1982
3. ^In the siege of 1646 the inhabitants within the city were 7,176. William Page, J.W.Willis-Bund (editors) A History of the County of Worcester: volume 4 Victoria County History, 1924, Pages 376-390
4. ^¹A History of the County of Worcester: volume 4 1924 Victoria County History, pp. 390-394
5. ^¹²Alan Brooks, Nikolaus Pevsner The Buildings of England, Worcestershire 2007 Yale University Press
6. ^A History of the County of Worcester: volume 2, 1971 Victoria County History, pp. 92-93
7. ^A History of the County of Worcester: volume 4 1924 Victoria County History, pp. 394-408
8. ^Samuel Lewis (editor) A Topographical Dictionary of England 1848
9. ^John Noake pp. 23-24 Worcestershire Relics London 1877 Longman & Co
10. ^Will of Edmund Wylde of Inner Temple, City of London, Date 2 January (1695/)1696, Catalogue reference PROB 11/435

Offices

Parliament