| 词条 | Toastmasters International |
| 释义 |
| name = Toastmasters International | nickname = | logo = Toastmasters 2011.png | logo_size = 150px | logo_alt = Toastmasters logo | logo_caption = | abbreviation = TI, TM | formation = {{start date and age|1924|10|22}} | type = INGO | tax_id = 95-1300076[1] | status = Non-profit organization | purpose = Educational | headquarters = {{mf-adr|street=9127 South Jamaica Street|city=Englewood|region=Colorado|nation=US}} | coords = | region = Worldwide | membership = 357,000[2] | membership_year = 2018 | language = | owner = | sec_gen = | leader_title = International President | leader_name = Lark Doley, DTM | affiliations = | budget = | budget_year = | revenue = $34,255,739[3] | revenue_year = 2016 | staff = 198[3] | staff_year = 2016 | volunteers = 117,789[3] | volunteers_year = 2016 | website = {{URL|https://www.toastmasters.org|toastmasters.org}} | footnotes = }} Toastmasters International (TI) is a US headquartered nonprofit educational organization that operates clubs worldwide for the purpose of promoting communication and public speaking skills. HistoryThe organization grew out of a single club, Smedley Chapter One Club, which would become the first Toastmasters club. It was founded by Ralph C. Smedley on October 22, 1924, at the YMCA in Santa Ana, California, United States.[6] It originated as a set of classes with the aim of improving the communication skills of the young men under his charge.[4] Toastmasters International was incorporated under Californian law on December 19, 1932.[5][9] The first international chapter was established in Vancouver, Canada in 1932. The organization began admitting women in 1973.[5][6] Throughout its history, Toastmasters has served over four million people, and today the organization serves over 357,000 members in 143 countries, through its 16,600 member clubs.[2] Toastmasters membership increased rapidly around the turn of the century, nearing 16,000 clubs worldwide by 2016.[7] MeetingsToastmasters International uses a local club-based structure, each having around 20-40 members. Meetings are held every week or other week and usually in the evening, although some clubs meet in the morning or afternoon.[5][4][8] Each club operates as a separate entity with a set of requirements leading to chartered status for them to be recognised as official Toastmasters clubs. Chartered status allows for clubs to use the names, promotional material and programme of TI.[9] Table TopicsPart of meetings is devoted to Table Topics, which are off-the-cuff speeches which are assigned on the spot by a Topicsmaster. The goal of this is to think on one's feet with minimal preparation. In some clubs attendees are then asked to vote on who they thought gave the best speech.[5][4][8] SpeechesEvery meeting is based around a set of organised speeches. Speakers are evaluated by an experienced member who then gives an impromptu speech with constructive feedback based on their performance.[10] Public speaking championshipToastmasters runs an international public speaking championship formally known as the Toastmasters International World Champion of Public Speaking, which is held annually at its International Convention in August.[11][12][13][14] It started in 1938 and involves over 33,000 participants in 141 countries making it the world's largest speech contest.[12][15] There is a six-month process of elimination to reach the semifinals, in which in 2018 there were 106 participants who got that far. There are ten places in the final and speeches are judged on content, gestures, organisation and style.[15] See also{{Portal|Education}}
References1. ^{{cite web|url=https://secure.toastmasters.org/neon/resource/toastmasters/files/Contributor%20Form%20-%20Standard.pdf|title=Ralph C. Smedley Memorial Fund contribution form|format=PDF|publisher=Toastmasters International|accessdate=March 9, 2019}} 2. ^1 {{Cite web|url=https://www.toastmasters.org/about/all-about-toastmasters|title=All About Toastmasters|publisher=Toastmasters International|access-date=March 9, 2019}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=https://apps.irs.gov/pub/epostcard/cor/951300076_201612_990_2018010915102275.pdf|title=Form 990 of Toastmasters International, Inc. for Fiscal Year 2016|publisher=Internal Revenue Service|accessdate=March 9, 2019}} 4. ^1 2 {{cite news |last1=Synge |first1=Daniel |title=How to speak in public |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/how-to-speak-in-public-1600759.html |accessdate=June 14, 2018 |work=The Independent |date=September 12, 1995 |location=London }} 5. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite news |last1=Scott |first1=Majorie |title=Out of the Past: Toasting the Toastmasters |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=PWEEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA45 |accessdate=June 12, 2018 |work=Orange Coast |issue=November 1990 |date=November 1990 |pages=45-46 |format=Digitised magazine |via=Google Books}} 6. ^{{cite news |last1=Laviola |first1=Karen |title=A toast to Toastmasters' 65 years |work=Orange County Register |date=October 24, 1989}} 7. ^{{cite news |last1=Blake |first1=John |title=Stop texting and start speaking: The Olympians of storytelling show you how |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/10/14/us/toastmasters-champions/index.html |accessdate=June 12, 2018 |publisher=CNN |date=October 14, 2016}} 8. ^1 2 {{cite news |title='Unaccustomed as I am to public speaking...' |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=LgYEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA17 |accessdate=June 14, 2018 |work=Changing Times (The Kiplinger Magazine) |issue=April 1970 |publisher=The Kiplinger Washington Editors |date=April 1970 |pages=17-18 |format=(Digitised magazine)}} 9. ^{{cite news |last1=Dewey |first1=Larry |title=Score Yourself as a Public Speaker |url=https://archive.org/download/mpnewsjan1966mont/mpnewsjan1966mont.pdf |accessdate=June 23, 2018 |work=Montana Prison News |issue=Volume VII, No. 1 |date=January 1966 |pages=51-52 |language=en}} 10. ^{{cite news |last1=Delacruz |first1=Bernard (PhD) |title=My Road to Toastmasters |url=https://ia801202.us.archive.org/14/items/v6n44/v6n44.pdf |accessdate=June 22, 2018 |work=Postscripts |agency=American Medical Writers Association – Pacific Southwest Chapter |issue=Vol 6, No 44 |date=June 2016 |pages=96-97 |language=en}} 11. ^{{cite news |last1=Mooney |first1=Harrison |title=Vancouver lends an ear to world's best speakers; Toastmasters holds 86th convention, crowns new international champion |work=The Vancouver Sun |date=August 28, 2017}} 12. ^1 {{cite news |last1=Nasir |first1=Noorain |title=Winning with Words |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/dananjaya-hettiarachchi-speaks-on/article6535348.ece |accessdate=June 11, 2018 |work=The Hindu |date=October 26, 2014}} 13. ^{{cite news |last1=Murphy |first1=Dave |title=Sometimes you can be a successful flop |work=Chicago Tribune|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2002-03-20/business/0203200154_1_speech-audience-minute |date=March 20, 2002}} 14. ^{{cite news |last1=Basheda |first1=Lori |title=Stand and deliver Speaking Toastmasters select their world champion, whose theme is failure's value. Series |work=Orange County Register |date=August 26, 2001}} 15. ^1 {{cite web |title=Resident of France is semifinalist in the world’s largest speech contest |url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/lifestyle/news-and-pr/1477097/resident-of-france-is-semifinalist-in-the-worlds-largest-speech-contest |website=Bangkok Post |accessdate=June 22, 2018 |language=en |date=June 1, 2018}} Further reading
External links
11 : Toastmasters International|Communication skills training|Educational organizations based in the United States|International organizations based in the United States|International educational organizations|Leadership training|Non-profit organizations based in California|Organizations established in 1924|1924 establishments in California|Organizations based in Orange County, California|Toastmasters members |
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