| 词条 | Tobias Asser |
| 释义 |
| name = Tobias Asser | image = TMCasser.jpg | image_size = 250px | alt = Black and white photo of the head of a man | caption = Tobias Asser in 1911 | birth_name = Tobias Michel Karel Asser | birth_date = {{Birth date|1838|04|28|df=yes}} | birth_place = Amsterdam, Netherlands | death_date = {{Death date and age|1913|07|29|1838|04|28|df=yes}} | death_place = The Hague, Netherlands | death_cause = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = | monuments = | residence = | nationality = | other_names = | ethnicity = | citizenship = | education = | alma_mater = University of Amsterdam Leiden University | occupation = | years_active = | agent = | known_for = | notable_works = | style = | home_town = | party = | movement = | opponents = | boards = | religion = | denomination = | spouse = {{marriage|Johanna Ernestina Asser|1864}} | children = | parents = | relatives = | awards = Nobel Peace Prize (1911) | signature = | signature_alt = | signature_size = }} Tobias Michael Carel Asser ({{IPA-nl|ˈtoːbiɑs miˈʃɛl ˈkaːrəl ˈɑsər}}; 28 April 1838 – 29 July 1913) was a Dutch lawyer and legal scholar of Jewish background. In 1911, he won the Nobel Prize for Peace (together with Alfred Fried) for his work in the field of private international law, and in particular for his achievements establishing the Hague Conference on Private International Law (HCCH). LifeTobias Michael Carel Asser was born on 28 April 1838 in Amsterdam in the Netherlands.[1] He was son of Carel Daniel Asser (1813–85), and grandson of Carel Asser (1780-1836). He studied law at the University of Amsterdam and Leiden University and was law professor at the University of Amsterdam. Asser co-founded the Revue de Droit International et de Législation Comparée with John Westlake and Gustave Rolin-Jaequemyns. He also co-founded the Institut de Droit International.[2] in 1873. In 1880 he became member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.[3] The Hague Conference on Private International LawAsser was a leading legal mind in the area of private international law and firmly believed that sound legal frameworks that govern private cross-border relationships would promote peace and stability. In 1893, Asser initiated the convocation of the First Diplomatic Session of the HCCH, the preeminent global organisation in the area of private international law. The participating States were Austria-Hungary, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Spain, and Switzerland. Asser was elected the Session's President, and subsequently re-elected at the Second to Fourth Session which took place in 1894, 1900 and 1904 respectively. Under his leadership, the HCCH developed a number of multilateral treaties, the Hague Conventions, that unified the rules of private international law in the areas of [https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/the-old-conventions/1902-marriage-convention Marriage (1902)], [https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/the-old-conventions/1902-divorce-convention Divorce (1902)], [https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/the-old-conventions/1902-guardianship-convention Guardianship (1902)], [https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/the-old-conventions/1905-civil-procedure-convention Civil Procedure (1905)], [https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/the-old-conventions/1905-effects-of-marriage-convention Effects of Marriage (1905)], and [https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/the-old-conventions/1905-deprivation-of-civil-rights-convention Deprivation of Civil Rights (1905)]. In 1911, Asser received the Nobel Prize for Peace. In his Award Ceremony Speech on 10 December 1911, Chairman of the Nobel Committee Jørgen Gunnarsson Løvland emphasised specifically Asser's work in the field of private international law, and his achievements establishing the HCCH, as reasons for receiving the Nobel Piece Price, describing Asser as "a successor to or reviver of The Netherlands' pioneer work in international law in the seventeenth century", the Hugo Grotius of his time.[4] The Hague Peace ConferencesHe was a delegate of the Netherlands to both Hague Peace Conferences in 1899 and 1907.[2] The Permanent Court of ArbitrationIn 1902, he sat on the first arbitration panel to hear an international controversy brought by two states under the auspice of the Permanent Court of Arbitration, which was established as a result of the Hague Peace Conference of 1899 (the Pious Fund of the Californias Case). He also took a hand in the establishment of what would become the Hague Academy of International Law, though he did not live to see its foundation.[2] Asser died on 29 July 1913 in The Hague. NamesakeA research institute in the fields of Private and Public International Law, European Law and International Commercial Arbitration is named after Tobias Michael Carel Asser. This is the T.M.C. Asser Instituut, based in The Hague, Netherlands. See also
References1. ^{{nl icon}} C. G. Roelofsen, "Asser, Tobias Michel Karel (1838-1913)", Biografisch Woordenboek van Nederland, 2013. Retrieved on 5 May 2015. 2. ^1 2 {{cite journal| author =| title = In Memoriam: T. M. C. Asser | publisher = American Society of International Law|date=April 1914| journal = American Journal of International Law| volume = 8|issue = 2| pages = 343–44}} 3. ^{{cite web|author= |url=http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/biografie/pmknaw/?pagetype=authorDetail&aId=PE00000068 |title=Tobias Michaël Carel Asser (1838 - 1913) |publisher=Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences |date= |accessdate=26 July 2015}} 4. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1911/asser-facts.html|title=Tobias Asser - Facts|website=www.nobelprize.org|access-date=2017-11-03}} External links{{commons|Tobias Asser}}
21 : 1838 births|1913 deaths|19th-century Dutch lawyers|20th-century Dutch lawyers|Dutch Jews|Dutch legal scholars|Dutch Nobel laureates|Hague Academy of International Law people|International law scholars|Jewish scientists|Leiden University alumni|Members of the Institut de Droit International|Members of the Permanent Court of Arbitration|Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences|Members of the Royal Academy of Belgium|Nobel Peace Prize laureates|Delegates to the Hague Peace Conferences|People from Amsterdam|University of Amsterdam alumni|University of Amsterdam faculty|Dutch judges of international courts and tribunals |
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