| 词条 | Tobias Furneaux |
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Captain Tobias Furneaux (21 August 1735 – 18 September 1781) was an English navigator and Royal Navy officer, who accompanied James Cook on his second voyage of exploration. He was one of the first men to circumnavigate the world in both directions, and later commanded a British vessel during the American Revolutionary War. Early lifeFurneaux was born at Swilly House near Stoke Damerel, Plymouth Dock, son of William Furneaux (1696-1748) of Swilly, and Susanna Wilcocks (1698-1775).[1] He entered the Royal Navy and was employed on the French and African coasts and in the West Indies during the latter part of the Seven Years' War (1760–1763). He served as second lieutenant of {{HMS|Dolphin|1751|6}} under Captain Samuel Wallis on the latter's voyage round the globe (August 1766 – May 1768) and due to Wallis being ill and confined to his cabin, Furneaux was the first to set foot on Tahiti, hoisting a pennant, turning a turf, and taking possession of the land in the name of His Majesty (25 June 1767). Service with CookIn November 1771, Furneaux was given command of HMS {{HMS|Adventure|1771|2}}, which accompanied James Cook (in {{HMS|Resolution|1771|2}}) on his second voyage. On this expedition Furneaux was twice separated from his leader (8 February 1773 to 19 May 1773; and 22 October 1773 to 14 July 1774, the date of his return to England). On the former occasion he explored a great part of the south and east coasts of Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania), and made the earliest British chart of the same. Most of his names here survive; Cook, visiting the shore-line on his third voyage, confirmed Furneaux's account and delineation of it, with certain minor criticisms and emendations, and named after him the Furneaux Group at the eastern entrance to Bass Strait, and the group now known as the Low Archipelago.[2] After Adventure was finally separated from Resolution off New Zealand in October 1773, Furneaux returned home alone, bringing with him Omai of Ulaietea (Raiatea). This first South Sea Islander to travel to Great Britain returned to Tahiti with Cook on 12 August 1777.[3] Later commandsFurneaux was made a navigator in 1775. During the American Revolutionary War, he commanded HMS Syren in the British attack of 28 June 1776 upon Charleston, South Carolina. Syren, with Furneaux in command, was wrecked near Point Judith, Rhode Island on 6 November 1777.[4]{{#tag:ref|Some sources have 10 November,[5] but the court martial records and other official documents show 6 November.[4]|group="Note"}} The Rhode Island Marine Archaeology Project (RIMAP) has published a detailed history of the Syren's activities in the American Revolution, as well as some of the original documents related to her loss, confirming 6 November as the correct date. By 10 November Furneaux and his crew were prisoners in Providence, Rhode Island, awaiting later exchange. RIMAP has also noted that the Syren is one of at least five ships associated with Captain Cook and his circumnavigating men with an historical connection to the State of Rhode Island. Furneaux died unmarried in 1781 and was buried in Stoke Damerel Church where he had been christened. See also
NotesFootnotes1. ^Hough (1995), pages 228-229 2. ^{{Australian Dictionary of Biography|last= Sprod |first= Dan |authorlink= |year=2005 |id=AS10174b |title= Furneaux, Tobias (1735 - 1781) |accessdate=5 May 2008 }} 3. ^{{cite book|last1=Salmond|first1=Anne|title=Aphrodite's Island|date=2010|publisher=University of California Press|location=Berkeley|isbn=9780520261143|pages=385, 419}} 4. ^1 Winfield (2007) 5. ^Marx (1987), page 152 Citations{{Reflist}}References
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12 : 1735 births|1781 deaths|People connected with Plymouth|English explorers|Circumnavigators of the globe|Explorers of Australia|English explorers of the Pacific|Royal Navy officers|James Cook|British navigators|Furneaux Group|Royal Navy personnel of the American Revolutionary War |
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