| 词条 | Thổ Chu Island |
| 释义 |
| name = Thổ Chu Island | native_name = Đảo Thổ Chu or đảo Thổ Châu | sobriquet = | image_name = | image_size = 250px | image_caption = | image_alt = | map = Vietnam | map_caption = Position of Thổ Chu Island | location = Gulf of Thailand | coordinates = {{Coord|9|18|N|103|29|E|region:VN|name=Thổ Chu Island|display=inline,title}} | archipelago = Thổ Chu | waterbody = | total_islands = | major_islands = | area_km2 = 13.95 | area_footnotes = | rank = | length_km = | length_footnotes = | width_km = | width_footnotes = | coastline_km = | coastline_footnotes = | elevation_m = | elevation_footnotes = | highest_mount = {{convert|167|m|ft|abbr=on}} | Country_heading = | country = Vietnam | country_admin_divisions_title = Province | country_admin_divisions = Kiên Giang | country_admin_divisions_title_1 = District | country_admin_divisions_1 = Phú Quốc | country_admin_divisions_title_2 = Commune | country_admin_divisions_2 = Thổ Châu | demonym = | population = | population_as_of = | density_km2 = | density_footnotes = | ethnic_groups = | website = | additional_info = }}Thổ Chu Island ({{lang-vi|đảo Thổ Chu}} or đảo Thổ Châu) is the largest island of Thổ Chu Islands in the Gulf of Thailand. Here lies the administrative center of Thổ Châu Commune, Phú Quốc District, Kiên Giang Province, Vietnam. In the West,[1] the island is also known as Poulo Panjang. GeographyThổ Chu Island is located to the southwest of Phú Quốc Island and Rạch Giá and to the northwest of Cape Cà Mau, specifically {{convert|55|nmi|km mi}}, {{convert|220|km|mi}} and {{convert|85|nmi|km mi}} away.[2][3] There are four beaches on the island (Bai Ngu, Bai Dong, Bai Mun and Bai Nhat) of which the largest are Bai Ngu (literally "Royal Beach") and Bai Dong.[4] EnvironmentThổ Chu Island has beautiful natural environment with high-density coral reefs, fine white sand beaches and pristine forests. A majority of 99 species of coral present here belong to two genera Montipora and Acropora of Acroporidae. The flora consists of about two hundreds of species, mostly Clusiaceae, Fabaceae và Sapotaceae.[3] The island is also home to endemic gecko species Cyrtodactylus thochuensis. However, Thổ Chu is being threatened by environmental pollution since domestic waste is dumped into the sea.[4] HistoryDuring the era of Republic of Vietnam, Thổ Chu Island was under the administration of An Xuyên Province. On May 10, 1975, the Khmer Rouge occupied the island and, as reported by the Hanoi government, "destroyed villages, killed many people, and abducted 515 inhabitants of the island".[4] From May 24 to May 27, 1975, Vietnamese forces attacked the occupiers and recaptured the island. In 1977, the Khmer Rouge raided Thổ Chu Island once again but were defeated.[5] On April 27, 1992, under the arrangement of the People's Committee of Kien Giang Province, six families with about thirty people moved to Thổ Chu Island and settled there. On April 24, 1993, the Vietnamese government decided to establish Thổ Châu Commune which has been in charge of administrating the whole archipelago.[6] DemographyThe majority of inhabitants are navy personnel and border guards who chose to settle on the island. As of early 2012, there are 513 households with about 1,700 people who mainly reside at Bai Ngu and Bai Dong.[2][6] The residents' lives are not easy as they have to move around the island twice a year to avoid storms. In the southwest monsoon from April to August, people move from Bai Ngu to Bai Dong and in the northeast monsoon from September to March, they reverse their migration.[12] InfrastructureThổ Chu Island has only one electric generator for Bai Ngu. The island does not have a water supply network so military personnel and civilians have to dig wells to get water.[6] Mobile information services of Viettel, MobiFone and Vinaphone have reached the island.[7] Thổ Chu Island Lighthouse was set up on January 25, 2000. Its range is {{convert|29|nmi|km mi|abbr=on}} during daytime and {{convert|12|nmi|km mi|abbr=on}} in the nighttime.[8] In addition, the island has a school, a post office and a temple commemorating the victims of the Khmer Rouge.[9] EconomyIn general, the economy of Thổ Chu Island is still difficult.[10] Local residents live mainly by fishing, including seafood trading and fisheries logistics.[11] The efficiency in the exploitation of marine resources is only at low level.[12] According to Decision No. 18/2009/QD-TTg by the Prime Minister of Vietnam, Tho Chu Island is planned to become a large fisheries service center of the region.[13] See also
References1. ^{{cite book |title=Cochinchine française: excursions et reconnaissances |author= |year=1879 |publisher=Imprimerie du Gouvernement |volume=1 |page=[https://books.google.com.vn/books?id=T1BKAAAAYAAJ&q=%22poulo+panjang%22+tho+chau&dq=%22poulo+panjang%22+tho+chau&hl=vi&sa=X&ei=oP_cUMT1PI2ZiQfW4oDIBw&redir_esc=y 59]|language=fr}} 2. ^1 {{vi}} {{cite web |url=http://www.monre.gov.vn/v35/default.aspx?tabid=428&CateID=25&ID=112516&Code=KAYI112516 |author=Lê Huy Hải |title=Kiên Giang: Vẫn chưa có giải pháp đề khắc phục "Nhà di động" trên đảo Thổ Chu |publisher=Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Vietnam |date=January 9, 2012 |accessdate=December 24, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6D9TSfiU4 |archivedate=December 24, 2012 |deadurl=no}} 3. ^{{vi}} {{cite web |url=http://birdlifeindochina.org/birdlife/source_book/pdf/DB%20Song%20cuu%20long/Tho%20Chu.pdf |title=Khu đề xuất Bảo tồn Biển Thổ Chu |publisher=Birdlife International in Indochina |date=February 15, 2004 |accessdate=December 24, 2012}} 4. ^{{cite book |title=The Pol Pot Regime: Race, Power, and Genocide in Cambodia Under the Khmer Rouge, 1975-79 |author=Kiernan, Ben |year=2008 |publisher=Yale University Press |page=104 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mq8sAcvg-AgC&pg=PA104&lpg=PA104&dq=Occupation+of+Tho+Chu+Island&source=bl&ots=a8j2ffKsKn&sig=cRdqOu3F9qIBtM6aqNGiSV0D6wY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=La7fUJiwD4b89gTLloHgAQ&sqi=2&ved=0CD8Q6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=Occupation%20of%20Tho%20Chu%20Island&f=false}} 5. ^{{vi}} {{cite news |url=http://www.qdnd.vn/qdndsite/vi-VN/61/43/121/121/121/75019/Default.aspx |title=Quần Đảo Thổ Chu và trận chiến giải phóng đảo |author=Hà Thành |publisher=People's Army Newspaper Online |date=April 27, 2009 |accessdate=December 25, 2012}} 6. ^1 2 3 {{vi}} {{cite news |url=http://nhandan.com.vn/cmlink/nhandandientu/thoisu/doi-song/i-s-ng-tin-chung/m-t-l-n-n-th-chau-1.301864/comments-7.252911/comments-7.252911/comments-7.252911?mode=print |title=Một lần đến Thổ Châu |author=Việt Tiến |publisher=Nhandan Online |date=June 29, 2011 |accessdate=December 24, 2012}} 7. ^{{vi}} {{cite news |url=http://www.sggp.org.vn/thongtincanuoc/2012/1/279740/ |title=Vững vàng Thổ Châu |author=Trọng Nghĩa |publisher=SGGP Online |date=January 29, 2012 |accessdate=December 24, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6D9TvQVp8 |archivedate=December 24, 2012 |deadurl=no}} 8. ^{{vi}} {{cite news |url=http://www.baoanhdatmui.vn/vcms/html/news_detail.php?nid=8642 |title=Thổ Chu – vùng địa đầu Tây Nam đất nước |author=Đào |publisher=Dat Mui Pictorial |date=February 16, 2009 |accessdate=December 24, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6D9TbWdku |archivedate=December 24, 2012 |deadurl=no}} 9. ^1 2 {{vi}} {{cite web |url=http://www.cpv.org.vn/cpv/Modules/News/NewsDetail.aspx?co_id=28340531&cn_id=535457 |title=Đảo Thổ Châu (Kiên Giang): Thiên đường nơi đầu sóng |author=Quốc Bình |publisher=Communist Party of Vietnam Online Newspaper |date=August 7, 2012 |accessdate=December 24, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6D9TYCUzA |archivedate=December 24, 2012 |deadurl=no}} 10. ^1 {{vi}} {{cite web |url=http://biengioilanhtho.gov.vn/vie/nhunghondaotrenbientay-nd-9ff72a72.aspx |title=Những hòn đảo trên biển Tây Nam |author=Nguyễn Anh |publisher=Website on Viet Nam's sovereign boundaries |date=June 13, 2011 |accessdate=December 24, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6D9TpjyJt |archivedate=December 24, 2012 |deadurl=no}} 11. ^{{vi}} {{cite news |url=http://daidoanket.vn/Index.aspx?Menu=1371&chitiet=45957&Style=1 |title=Người Trưởng ấp duy nhất nơi đảo xa |author=Thế Hạnh |publisher=Dai doan ket |date=February 10, 2012 |accessdate=December 24, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6D9TxQRFJ |archivedate=December 24, 2012 |deadurl=no}} 12. ^{{vi}} {{cite news |url=http://www.qdnd.vn/qdndsite/vi-VN/61/43/121/121/121/103520/Default.aspx |title=Thổ Chu vẫy gọi |author=Bá Hiên; Xuân Cường |publisher=People's Army Newspaper Online |date=February 15, 2010 |accessdate=December 24, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6D9TfVD4w |archivedate=2012-12-24 |deadurl=no}} 13. ^{{vi}} {{cite web |url=http://www.chinhphu.vn/portal/page/portal/chinhphu/noidungquyhoachvung?docid=699&substract=&strutsAction=ViewDetailAction.do |title= Quyết định phê duyệt Quy hoạch tổng thể phát triển kinh tế - xã hội vùng biển và ven biển Việt Nam thuộc Vịnh Thái Lan thời kỳ đến năm 2020 |publisher=Vietnam Government Web Portal |date= |accessdate=December 24, 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6D9U0oEDE |archivedate=December 24, 2012 |deadurl=no}} External links
3 : Islands of Vietnam|Landforms of Kien Giang Province|Islands of the Gulf of Thailand |
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