“Toe socks”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Toe socks (also known as fingersocks, glove socks, 5-toe socks or digital socks) are socks that have been knitted so that each toe is individually encased the same way as fingers within a glove.

All sock lengths are available as toe socks, from no-show style to anklet and ankle socks through to knee-high and over-knee socks. They are also available with rubberised undersides, as an alternative to bare feet for yoga. Toe socks are designed and available for both men and women, although traditionally targeted toward women.

History

The original concept of toe socks may be attributed to Ethel Russell (also known as Ethel Wynhym) of Pennsylvania. On June 14, 1969, she filed a copyright with the United States Copyright Office for two drawings of footwear which she termed, "mitten toe socks" and "glove socks". She was unable to maintain the exclusive rights for their manufacture, however, because copyright law of the United States does not afford this protection – patent law does.^[1]

Toe socks became popular in the United States during the 1970s and made a comeback in the 1990s as a novelty item worn by adolescents. During the 1970s, it was fashionable for girls to wear clogs or buffalo sandals with toe socks.^[2] In colder weather, they may be worn with flip-flops.^[3] During this time, such socks were typically knee high in length with bright stripes and glittery threads in their design. They also had a practical value in keeping the feet warm, including the spots between the toes.^[4]

By 2004, toe socks were available in plain colors and being adopted as normal footwear. They have even been worn in outer space – notably by astronaut Sandra Magnus on the International Space Station during the STS-135 mission in 2011.^[5]

Variants

One of the earliest variants of toe socks is the Japanese tabi, dating back to the 16th Century. These are split-toed socks with two compartments – one smaller compartment for the big toe, and a larger compartment for the four remaining toes. This allows them to be worn with Zōri or geta sandals.^[6]

Modern variants of toe socks are designed primarily for either comfort or athletics. In 2004, a patent was filed with the Intellectual Property Office in the United Kingdom for a product called "toe socks"; however, their description differs: "A half sock which covers the toes to provide comfort under footwear. Preferably the socks are unseen when worn with mules or slingback shoes."^[7]

Variants have also evolved to include compression socks and other specialty performance models for professional sports as well as uses which require high durability. In sports, athletic versions of toe socks may be useful to triathletes who suffer from frequent interdigital friction blisters.^[8]^[9] One version of sock referred to as "toe socks" is actually a reverse version – this is a covering for the foot and ankle with the toes cut out, leaving them bare. This provides a non-slip surface and provides for a more complete range of motion for form-fitting yoga, pilates, or Wii Fit exercises.^[10]

See also

References

1. ^{{cite news|title=RUSSELL v. TRIMFIT, INC. 428 F.Supp. 91 (Civ. A. No. 75-1764).|url=http://www.leagle.com/xmlResult.aspx?page=1&xmldoc=1977519428FSupp91_1493.xml&docbase=CSLWAR1-1950-1985&SizeDisp=7|accessdate=July 21, 2012|newspaper=United States District Court, E. D. Pennsylvania|date=February 15, 1977}}
2. ^{{cite book|last=Mansour|first=David|title=From Abba To Zoom: A Pop Culture Encyclopedia Of The Late 20th Century.|year=2005|publisher=Andrews McMeel Publishing|location=Kansas City, Missouri|isbn=0-7407-5118-2|pages=59|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hK0rPUF85loC&pg=PA59&lpg=PA59&dq=toe+socks+1960s&source=bl&ots=B1tafNaFCW&sig=qFe2Av6NsIOpU6Ieczhq62yOtW8&hl=en&sa=X&ei=QHMDUKKoKIn49QSKiNWMCA&ved=0CDwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=toe%20socks%201960s&f=false}}
3. ^{{cite book|last=Stoller|first=Debbie|title=Stitch 'n Bitch Superstar Knitting: Go Beyond the Basics.|year=2010|publisher=Workman Publishing Company, Inc.|location=New York City|isbn=978-0-7611-3597-5|pages=186|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0LZfvXudsHAC&pg=PA186&lpg=PA186&dq=%22toe+socks%22%2B%22flip-flops%22&source=bl&ots=GVY7SiXq-E&sig=dm2iafNy2ADeOztzFF1YsvyG4pI&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Xk8IUNrUE6fz0gHszbiIBA&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22toe%20socks%22%2B%22flip-flops%22&f=false}}
4. ^{{cite book|last=Sagert|first=Kelly Boyer|title=The 1970s.|year=2007|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|location=Westport, Connecticut|isbn=0-313-33919-8|pages=125|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9feBCLNhcFQC&pg=PA125&lpg=PA125&dq=toe+socks+1970s&source=bl&ots=2EGFej4lDW&sig=rxIm8au03hJboylyX-VUMOzT_30&hl=en&sa=X&ei=RXUDUK2xEIiC8QT5wo20CA&ved=0CDwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=toe%20socks%201970s&f=false}}
5. ^{{cite news|title=International Space Station Imagery.|url=http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/images/station/crew-28/html/s135e007401.html|accessdate=July 20, 2012|newspaper=National Aeronautics and Space Administration|date=July 11, 2011}}
6. ^{{cite book|last=Marshall|first=John|title=Make Your Own Japanese Clothes: Patterns and Ideas for Modern Wear.|year=1988|publisher=Kodansha International, Ltd.|location=Tokyo|isbn=0-87011-865-X|pages=108–114|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ljOuuy0OO0UC&pg=PA108&lpg=PA108&dq=japanese+tabi&source=bl&ots=CbMmxoAZu5&sig=iz0_elDi4fJXoLOSF8mrKVOc2iM&hl=en&sa=X&ei=9HcLUJu0OoOI8QSC9KX0Cg&ved=0CDwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=japanese%20tabi&f=false}}
7. ^{{cite news|last=Woolley|first=Stephanie|title=Toe socks - United Kingdom Patent GB2419802A.|url=http://patent.ipexl.com/GB/GB2419802A.html|accessdate=July 21, 2012|newspaper=Intellectual Property Office (United Kingdom)|date=May 10, 2006}}
8. ^{{cite book|author1=Werd, Matthew B. |author2=Knight, E. Leslie. |title=Athletic Footwear and Orthoses in Sports Medicine.|year=2010|publisher=Springer|location=New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London|isbn=978-0-387-76415-3|pages=180|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W50VfqSXbW4C&pg=PA180&lpg=PA180&dq=athletic+toe+socks&source=bl&ots=HYk9yTwJLZ&sig=fBbeIQxhDwZxgYBW9dZZT5mo6Ik&hl=en&sa=X&ei=9WkLUKORE5Cm8gT5vZHwCg&ved=0CEUQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=athletic%20toe%20socks&f=false}}
9. ^{{cite book|last=Vonhof|first=John|title=Fixing Your Feet: Prevention and Treatments for Athletes (5th Edition).|year=2011|publisher=Wilderness Press|location=Birmingham, Alabama|isbn=978-0-89997-638-9|pages=235|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7gpb8nlQjKkC&pg=PA235&lpg=PA235&dq=injinji+toe+socks&source=bl&ots=XUgWHdc9dV&sig=y0WeRFTXTZRx3XuK08B76CGw7-o&hl=en&sa=X&ei=NGwLUJ2yBYak8ASlhOzJCg&ved=0CEEQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=injinji%20toe%20socks&f=false}}
10. ^{{cite book|author1=Loguidice, Christina T. |author2=Loguidice, Bill |title=Wii Fitness For Dummies.|year=2010|publisher=Wiley Publishing, Inc.|location=Indianapolis, Indiana|isbn=978-0-470-52158-8|pages=236|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SBRi4dp8J4sC&pg=PA236&lpg=PA236&dq=toe+socks&source=bl&ots=B-HG1812S2&sig=rjmRgJeWRgVG7gpwoQeEQCp_r3g&hl=en&sa=X&ei=aXMLUK3zHIK49QSu0P3CCg&ved=0CEQQ6AEwAjgK#v=onepage&q=toe%20socks&f=false}}