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词条 Tijuana River Estuary
释义

  1. Ecology

  2. References

  3. Further reading

{{Infobox park
| name = Tijuana River Estuary
| photo = Tijuana River Estuary.jpg
| photo_alt =
| photo_caption = Tijuana River Estuary
| photo_width =
| map = USA California#USA
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Map of California
| map_width =
| location = San Diego County, California
| nearest_city =
| coords = {{coord|32|33|24|N|117|7|34|W|region:US-CA|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| coords_ref =
| area = {{Convert|1569|acre}}
| designated = 1973
| refnum =
| visitation_num =
| visitation_year =
| governing_body =
| url =
}}

The Tijuana River Estuary is an intertidal coastal wetland at the mouth of the Tijuana River in San Diego County, California, in the United States bordering Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico. It is the location of the Tijuana River National Estuarine Research Reserve, Tijuana Slough National Wildlife Refuge, and Border Field State Park. The estuary is a shallow water habitat. Often termed an intermittent estuary since its volume is subject to the discharge controlled by the seasons of the year, the volume of the estuary fluctuates and at times there is dry land, or flooded areas.[1] It was designated a National Natural Landmark in 1973.[2]

Ecology

The estuary is one of the few remaining salt marshes on the South Coast. Its location positions it under the path of the Pacific Flyway, where it serves as a stopover point.[1] It is the largest remaining natural coastal area between Santa Barbara, California and San Quintín, Baja California.[3] Three times the size of Central Park, the estuary covers about 2,500 acres.[4] Many species of migratory and native species rely on the estuary as an essential breeding, feeding, and nesting habitat.[1] The estuary lies within the southernmost part of San Diego County within the city limits of the South Bay city of Imperial Beach.

Prior to 1994, foot traffic by illegal immigration was a major source of top soil erosion. After 1994, off-road vehicle usage for policing has become a major cause of soil loss. Beginning in 2010, a re-vegetation effort along the Border Infrastructure System has occurred.[5]

References

1. ^{{cite web |title=Tijuana Estuary NP |url=http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=669 |accessdate=July 8, 2011 |publisher=State of California}}
2. ^{{Cite web|url= http://www.nature.nps.gov/nnl/site.cfm?Site=TIRI-CA |title= Tijuana River Estuary |publisher= National Park Service |work= nps.gov}}
3. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.kcet.org/shows/california-coastal-trail/tijuana-estuary-a-peek-at-southern-californias-coastal-past |title=Tijuana Estuary: A Peek at Southern California's Coastal Past |author= |date= |website=California Coastal Trail |publisher=KCET |access-date=6 February 2019 |quote=}}
4. ^{{cite news |last=Chang |first=Alicia |agency=Associated Press |date=25 April 2008 |title=Trash, pollution imperil Tijuana River marshes |url=https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Trash-pollution-imperil-Tijuana-River-marshes-3216738.php |work=SFGate |location=San Francisco |access-date=6 February 2019 }}
5. ^{{cite web |url=https://coast.noaa.gov/data/docs/nerrs/Reserves_TJR_MgmtPlan.pdf |title=Tijuana River National Estuarine Research Reserve Comprehensive Management Plan |date=August 2010 |website=Office of Coastal Management |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |access-date=6 April 2017}}

Further reading

  • {{cite web|title=Historical Wetlands of the Southern California Coast: An Atlas of US Coast Survey T-sheets, 1851-1889|first1=Robin |last1=Grossinger|first2=Eric D. |last2=Stein|first3=Kristen |last3=Cayce|first4=Ruth |last4=Askevold|first5=Shawna |last5=Dark|first6=Alison |last6=Whipple|publisher=California State Coastal Conservancy, San Francisco Estuary Institute (SFEI), Southern California Coastal Water Research Project (SCCWRP), California State University Northridge (CSUN)|access-date=2 March 2018|url=ftp://ftp.sccwrp.org/pub/download/DOCUMENTS/TechnicalReports/589_SoCalTsheetAtlas.pdf}}
{{Clear}}{{SanDiegoCountyCA-geo-stub}}

8 : Estuaries of California|Wetlands of California|Lagoons of San Diego County, California|Nature reserves in California|Protected areas of San Diego County, California|South Bay (San Diego County)|National Natural Landmarks in California|Landforms of San Diego County, California

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