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词条 Timeline of Amsterdam
释义

  1. Prior to 17th century

  2. 17th century

  3. 18th century

  4. 19th century

  5. 20th century

     1900s-1940s  1950s-1990s 

  6. 21st century

  7. Images

  8. See also

  9. References

  10. Bibliography

  11. External links

The following is a timeline of the history of the municipality of Amsterdam, Netherlands.

{{Dynamic list}}{{TOC right}}

Prior to 17th century

{{History of the Netherlands}}
  • 1270 - Dam built on Amstel River (approximate date).
  • 1303 - {{Interlanguage link multi|Siege of Amsterdam|nl|3=Beleg van Amsterdam (1303)}}.
  • 1306
    • 13 June: Amsterdam granted city rights.[1]
    • Oude Kerk consecrated.
  • 1345 - 15 March: Alleged "Miracle of Amsterdam" occurs.
  • 1347 - Heilige Stede chapel built.
  • 1408 - Nieuwe Kerk (church) construction begins.{{sfn|Chambers|1901}}
  • 1421 - Fire.
  • 1425 - Singel canal dug.{{sfn|Rough|2015}}
  • 1452 - Fire.
  • 1470 - Agnietenklooster built.
  • 1487 - Schreierstoren built.
  • 1490s - Brick city wall built.{{sfn|Overall|1870}}
  • 1516 - Montelbaanstoren built.
  • 1518 - Egelantier formed (approximate date).
  • 1535 - 10 May: Anabaptist riot occurs; "fanatics ran about the streets naked."{{sfn|Overall|1870}}[1]
  • 1566 - Beeldenstorm.
  • 1568 - Amsterdam supports Catholics in the Dutch Revolt.
  • 1575 - Erven Lucas Bols in business.{{sfn|Baedeker|1891}}
  • 1578
    • Alteratie shifts power from Catholics to Protestants.
    • {{Interlanguage link multi|Prinsenhof (Amsterdam)|nl}} built.{{sfn|Murray|1876}}
  • 1585 - City expands beyond the Singel.{{sfn|Chambers|1901}}
  • 1586 - Admiralty of Amsterdam formed.
  • 1596 - Rasphuis (prison) established.[2]

17th century

  • 1601 - Goldsmith's guild established.[3]
  • 1602 - Amsterdam Stock Exchange and Dutch East India Company founded.{{sfn|Chambers|1901}}
  • 1603 - Hendrick de Keyser becomes city architect.[4]
  • 1606 - Oost-Indisch Huis built.
  • 1607 - English Reformed Church established.
  • 1609 - Bank of Amsterdam established.{{sfn|McCulloch|1880}}[5]
  • 1611 - {{Interlanguage link multi|Koopmansbeurs|nl}} built.
  • 1613 - Grachtengordel development begins.{{sfn|Rough|2015}}
  • 1614 - Nieuwmarkt created.
  • 1617
    • First Dutch Academy formed.
    • Korenbeurs built.
    • Town gate remodeled as Weigh House.
  • 1619 - Westerhal built.[7]
  • 1620
    • Munttoren and {{Interlanguage link multi|Korenmetershuisje (Amsterdam)|nl}} built.
    • English-language Corrant out of Italy, German, Etc. newspaper begins publication.[6]
  • 1621 - Dutch West India Company founded.
  • 1622 - Cromhouthuizen built.
  • 1631 - Artist Rembrandt moves to Jodenbreestraat in Amsterdam.[4]
  • 1632 - Athenaeum Illustre formed.
  • 1633 - {{Interlanguage link multi|Oude Lutherse Kerk|nl}} built.
  • 1637 - Schouwburg of Van Campen (theatre) built.
  • 1638
    • Hortus Medicus founded.
    • {{Interlanguage link multi|Accijnshuis|nl|3=Accijnshuis (Amsterdam)}} built.
  • 1641 - {{Interlanguage link multi|Saaihal (Amsterdam)|nl}} built on {{Interlanguage link multi|Staalstraat (Amsterdam)|nl}}.
  • 1642 - Rembrandt's artwork The Night Watch shown in the Kloveniersdoelen.[4]
  • 1651 - St. Peter's Flood.
  • 1652 - 7 July: {{Interlanguage link multi|Old City Hall, Amsterdam|nl|3=Oude Stadhuis van Amsterdam|lt=City Hall}} burns down.
  • 1655 - New City Hall built on Dam Square.
  • 1662
    • Trippenhuis and {{Interlanguage link multi|Weesperpoort|nl}} (gate) built.
    • Blaeu's Atlas Maior published.
  • 1663 - Bubonic plague outbreak.
  • 1665 - New theatre opens.
  • 1672 - Johannes Hudde becomes mayor.
  • 1675 - Portuguese Synagogue built.[7]
  • 1679 - Wynand-Fockink in business.{{sfn|Baedeker|1891}}
  • 1682 - Begijnhof Chapel and Amstelhof built.
  • 1683 - Society of Suriname established.
  • 1691 - Skinny Bridge built.

18th century

  • 1748 - Pachtersoproer riots.
  • 1765 - {{Interlanguage link multi|Amsterdam Academy of Drawing|nl|3=Stadstekenacademie (Amsterdam)}} founded.[4]
  • 1774 - Theatre opens on the Leidseplein.
  • 1776 - Felix Meritis society{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}[8] and {{Interlanguage link multi|Society for the Advancement of Agriculture|nl|3=Maatschappij ter Bevordering van de Landbouw}}[9] established.
  • 1780 - {{Interlanguage link multi|Maagdenhuis|nl|3=Maagdenhuis (Amsterdam)}} built.
  • 1785 - Seamen's Institute, and Society for Public Welfare organized.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
  • 1787 - Prussians in power.{{sfn|Chambers|1901}}
  • 1794
    • Metz & Co established.
    • Population: 217,024.{{sfn|Chambers|1901}}
  • 1795 - January: French in power.{{sfn|Haydn|1910}}
  • 1800 - Barrack of St. Charles built.{{sfn|Coghlan|1863}}

19th century

  • 1808
    • Amsterdam becomes capital of Kingdom of Holland, client state of the French Empire.
    • City Hall becomes the Royal Palace.{{sfn|Chambers|1901}}
    • Royal Institute of Sciences, Literature and Fine Arts founded.[9]
  • 1813 - Oranje-Nassau Kazerne (military barrack) built.
  • 1814
    • Amsterdam becomes capital of the Netherlands.
    • Rijks-Museum relocates to the Trippenhuis building.{{sfn|Murray|1876}}
    • Bank of the Netherlands headquartered in city.{{sfn|McCulloch|1880}}
  • 1815
    • {{Interlanguage link multi|Doelen Hotel|nl}} in business.
    • Population: 180,179.{{sfn|Chambers|1901}}
  • 1824 - Netherlands Trading Society headquartered in city.{{sfn|McCulloch|1880}}
  • 1825 - North Holland Canal constructed.{{sfn|Dougill|1931}}
  • 1838 - Zoo opens.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
  • 1839
    • Amsterdam–Haarlem railway begins operating.[1]
    • {{Interlanguage link multi|Station d'Eenhonderd Roe|nl}} opens.
    • Arti et Amicitiae society organized.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
  • 1840
    • Coster Diamonds founded.
    • {{Interlanguage link multi|Willemspoort|nl|3=Haarlemmerpoort (Amsterdam)}} (gate) built.
  • 1841 - Mozes en Aäronkerk (church) rebuilt.
  • 1843 - {{Interlanguage link multi|Station Amsterdam Weesperpoort|nl}} opens.
  • 1845 - {{Interlanguage link multi|Zocher Stock Exchange|nl|3=Beurs van Zocher}} built.{{sfn|Murray|1876}}
  • 1852 - Bijbels Museum founded.
  • 1853 - City "water supply" begins.{{sfn|Chambers|1901}}
  • 1854 - Royal Asscher Diamond Company founded.
  • 1855 - Arti et Amicitiae constructed.
  • 1856
    • Amsterdam–Arnhem railway constructed.
    • De Eendracht war memorial erected.
    • Koninklijke Nederlandse Stoomboot-Maatschappij (shipping company) established.
  • 1862 - Bloemenmarkt founded.
  • 1863 - Museum Fodor opens.
  • 1864 - Crystal Palace built on the {{Interlanguage link multi|Frederiksplein (Amsterdam)|nl}}.{{sfn|Haydn|1910}}
  • 1866 - Population: 264,498.[10]
  • 1867
    • Heineken brewery built.
    • Amstel Hotel opens.
  • 1869 - Netherlands Bank building constructed.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
  • 1870
    • Rijksakademie, De Bijenkorf shop, and Amstel Brewery founded.
    • Stoomvaart Maatschappij Nederland (steamship line) in business.
  • 1874
    • Amsterdam–Zutphen railway constructed.
    • Amsterdamse Toneelschool established.
  • 1875 - {{Interlanguage link multi|Amsterdamsche Vereeniging tot het bouwen van Arbeiderswoningen|nl}} housing association formed.
  • 1876
    • North Sea Canal opens.{{sfn|Haydn|1910}}
    • Population: 281,944.{{sfn|Murray|1876}}
  • 1877 - Municipal University of Amsterdam and Teekenschool voor Kunstambachten founded.
  • 1878 - Den Helder–Amsterdam railway begins operating.
  • 1880 - Vrije Universiteit established.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
  • 1881
    • Telephone in operation.[1]
    • {{Interlanguage link multi|AVA-woonblok D,E,F,G|nl}} housing built in Czaar Peterbuurt.
    • Stille Omgang revived.
  • 1882 - Spui square created.
  • 1883
    • May: International Colonial and Export Exhibition opens.{{sfn|Haydn|1910}}
    • {{Interlanguage link multi|Parkschouwburg (Amsterdam)|nl}} (theatre) built.
    • {{Interlanguage link multi|Prins Hendrikplantsoen|nl}} (park) laid out.
  • 1884
    • Amsterdamsch Conservatorium founded.
    • Population: 361,326.[11]
  • 1885 - Rijksmuseum opens.
  • 1886 - July: {{Interlanguage link multi|Palingoproer|nl}} eel riot occurs.[12]{{sfn|Haydn|1910}}
  • 1887
    • Orange riots.{{citation needed|date=September 2012}}.
    • Elsevier publisher in business.[13]
    • Basilica of St. Nicholas built.
  • 1888 - Concertgebouw built, and Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra founded.[14]
  • 1889 - Amsterdam Centraal railway station opens.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
  • 1890 - Victoria Hotel, Amsterdam in business.
  • 1893 - Economic unrest.{{sfn|Haydn|1910}}
  • 1894 - Stadsschouwburg rebuilt.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
  • 1895
    • {{Interlanguage link multi|Wereldtentoonstelling voor het Hotel- en Reiswezen|nl}} (exhibit) held.{{sfn|Haydn|1910}}
    • Museum Willet-Holthuysen{{sfn|Britannica|1910}} and Catholic Ignatius Gymnasium (school) established.
  • 1896 - Hotel de l'Europe in business on the {{Interlanguage link multi|Nieuwe Doelenstraat (Amsterdam)|nl}}.
  • 1900
    • Gemeentetram Amsterdam tramway established.
    • {{Interlanguage link multi|Amstelodamum|nl}} historical society and AFC Ajax football club formed.
    • Population: 523,557.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}

20th century

1900s-1940s

  • 1903
    • Railroad Strike.{{sfn|Haydn|1910}}
    • Beurs van Berlage built.
  • 1904 - August: International Socialist Congress held.
  • 1906 - Amsterdam Wind Orchestra ATH formed.
  • 1907 - {{Interlanguage link multi|Nöggerath|nl}} cinema[23] and Het Houten Stadion (stadium) open.
  • 1911 - Rembrandt House Museum opens.
  • 1914 - Harry Elte Stadium and {{Interlanguage link multi|De Groote Club|nl}} on Kalverstraat built.
  • 1915
    • {{Interlanguage link multi|De Bijenkorf (Amsterdam)|nl}} department store built.
    • {{Interlanguage link multi|Querido Verlag|nl}} (publisher) in business.
  • 1917
    • {{Interlanguage link multi|1917 potato riot|nl|3=Aardappeloproer (1917)}}.[1]
    • Amsterdam-Zuid development begins per Plan Zuid.
  • 1919
    • Public library opens.
    • Het Schip apartment building erected.
    • Disteldorp and Vogeldorp areas built in Amsterdam-Noord.{{sfn|Haffner|2009}}
    • Population: 647,120.[15]
  • 1920
    • Construction of the Defence Line of Amsterdam completed.
    • Muzieklyceum and Rialto cinema[23] established.
  • 1921
    • Buiksloot, Nieuwendam, Ransdorp, Sloten, and Watergraafsmeer annexed.
    • Tuschinski cinema built.[23]
  • 1923 - Tuindorp Oostzaan area built.{{sfn|Haffner|2009}}
  • 1924.
    • Institute of Applied Art formed.
    • National Vocational School for Pastry Chefs opens.
  • 1925 - Tooneelmuseum (stage museum) founded.[16]
  • 1926
    • Amsterdam Museum established.
    • Royal Tropical Institute building constructed[17]
    • HEMA (store) in business on Kalverstraat.
  • 1927 - American Women's Club Amsterdam founded.[18]
  • 1928 - Summer Olympics held.
  • 1929 - Palace of National Industry burns down.[19]
  • 1932 - Joods Historisch Museum opens.
  • 1933 - Alhambra Theater opens.[20]
  • 1934
    • July: {{Interlanguage link multi|Jordaan riot|nl|3=Jordaanoproer}}.[1][12]
    • Allard Pierson Museum opens.
  • 1935
    • International Institute for Social History established.[21]
    • {{Interlanguage link multi|City Theater (Amsterdam)|nl}} cinema opens.
  • 1936 - {{Interlanguage link multi|Cineac|nl}} Theatre built.[22]
  • 1939
    • Amsterdam Amstel railway station opens.
    • {{Interlanguage link multi|Apollo House (Amsterdam)|nl|3=Apollo House}} built.
  • 1940
    • German occupation begins.
    • Het Parool newspaper begins publication.[23]
  • 1941
    • February strike.[1]
    • {{Interlanguage link multi|Zentralstelle für jüdische Auswanderung in Amsterdam|nl}} (Jewish emigration bureau) begins operating.
  • 1943
    • 27 March: {{Interlanguage link multi|1943 Amsterdam registry attack|nl|3=Aanslag op het Amsterdams bevolkingsregister 1943}}.
    • July: {{Interlanguage link multi|Bombing of Amsterdam-Noord|nl|3=Bombardementen op Amsterdam-Noord}}.
  • 1944 - 4 August: Frank family arrested.
  • 1945
    • 18 January: Executions on the Fusilladeplaats Rozenoord begin.
    • 5 May: German occupation ends.
    • 7 May: {{Interlanguage link multi|Dam Square shooting|nl|3=Schietpartij op de Dam van 7 mei 1945}}.
    • {{Interlanguage link multi|Filmtheater Kriterion|nl}} opens.[20]
    • De Volkskrant newspaper in publication.
  • 1946 - Dutch Historic Film Archive founded.
  • 1947
    • Anne Frank's Diary published.
    • Holland Festival begins.

1950s-1990s

  • 1952
    • May: Amsterdam–Rhine Canal opens.[1]
    • {{Interlanguage link multi|DOK (discothèque)|nl|3=DOK (discotheek)}} active.
    • Filmmuseum founded.
  • 1956 - National Monument erected in Dam Square.
  • 1957 - Horecava hospitality trade fair begins.
  • 1958 - Netherlands Film and Television Academy founded.
  • 1960
    • Anne Frank House museum established on the {{Interlanguage link multi|Prinsengracht|nl}}.
    • {{Interlanguage link multi|Academie voor Kleinkunst|nl}} (school) founded.
    • Uitzendbureau Amstelveen employment agency in business.
  • 1961 - Amsterdam RAI Exhibition and Convention Centre opens.
  • 1962 - Hilton Hotel in business.
  • 1965 - Counterculture Provo (movement) begins.[24]
  • 1966
    • 13–14 June: {{Interlanguage link multi|Telegraafrellen|nl}} (labor unrest) occurs.[1]
    • Weesperkarspel annexed.
  • 1967 - Catholic Theological University of Amsterdam established.[25]
  • 1968
    • Art & Project gallery opens.
    • Theaterschool founded.[26]
  • 1969
    • March: Bed-In for Peace held.[27]
    • May: Student protest occurs at the University of Amsterdam {{Interlanguage link multi|Maagdenhuis|nl|3=Maagdenhuis (Amsterdam)}}.[1]
    • STEIM cultural venue established.
  • 1970 - Population: 807,095.
  • 1971 - Amsterdam Bijlmer ArenA railway station opens.
  • 1972 - In-Out Centre opens.{{sfn|Delhaye|2010}}
  • 1973 - Van Gogh Museum opens.[28]
  • 1975
    • Flag of Amsterdam design adopted.
    • Rainbow Foundation,[29] De Appel art centre, and Other Books and So founded.{{sfn|Delhaye|2010}}[30]
    • Amsterdam Marathon and SAIL Amsterdam begin.
  • 1976 - Sweelinck Conservatorium formed.
  • 1977
    • 9 May: Hotel Polen fire.
    • Amsterdam Metro begins operating.
    • Uitmarkt begins[31]
  • 1978 - MonteVideo founded.
  • 1979
    • Amsterdam Baroque Orchestra founded.[32]
    • {{Interlanguage link multi|Huis van Bewaring I (Weteringschans)|nl}} (prison) closed.
  • 1981 - 21 November: Protest against stationing of NATO missiles.[1]
  • 1984
    • Social unrest.{{sfn|Rough|2015}}
    • Amsterdam Fantastic Film Festival begins.
  • 1985 - Annual contemporary art fair begins.
  • 1986
    • Amsterdam–Schiphol railway begins operating.
    • Stopera opera hall opens.
  • 1987 - Amsterdamse Poort (shopping centre) opens.
  • 1988
    • International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam begins.
    • Stopera city hall opens.
  • 1990 - Population: 695,221.
  • 1991
    • Museum Geelvinck-Hinlopen established.
    • Museum Jan van der Togt opens.
  • 1992
    • 4 October: Airplane crash in Bijlmermeer.[1]
    • Miniature Museum founded.
  • 1993 - La Rive and Boom Chicago founded.
  • 1994
    • Conservatorium van Amsterdam and Prostitution Information Center founded.
    • SMART Project Space opens.
  • 1996
    • Amsterdam Gay Pride begins.
    • Amsterdam Arena built.
  • 1997
    • 2 October: EU treaty signed in city.[1]
    • Henk Sneevlietweg metro station opens.
    • IJburg residential archipelago construction begins.[33]
  • 1999 - OT301 squat begins.
  • 2000
    • Prostitution in the Netherlands legalized.
    • Euronext founded.

21st century

  • 2001
    • 1 April: First legalized same-sex marriage in the Netherlands occurs.[34]
    • Foam Fotografiemuseum Amsterdam and Heineken Music Hall open.
    • Job Cohen becomes mayor.[35]
  • 2004 - 2 November: Filmmaker Van Gogh killed on {{Interlanguage link multi|Linnaeusstraat|nl}}.
  • 2006 - Amsterdam Film eXperience begins.
  • 2007
    • KLIK! Amsterdam Animation Festival begins.
    • Diamond Museum Amsterdam opens.
    • Centrale Bibliotheek moves into new building.
    • Amsterdam City Archives relocates to De Bazel building.
    • De Schreeuw memorial erected in the Oosterpark.[27]
  • 2008 - Amsterdam Holendrecht railway station opens.
  • 2009 - Hermitage Amsterdam opens.
  • 2010 - Eberhard van der Laan becomes mayor.[35]
  • 2011 - February: Retrial of Geert Wilders begins in the {{Interlanguage link multi|Rechtbank Amsterdam|nl}} (court).[34]
  • 2012
    • 21 April: Sloterdijk train collision.
    • EYE Film Institute Netherlands opens.
  • 2014
    • 17 July: Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 departs from Amsterdam, later crashes in Ukraine.[34]
    • 2014 Amsterdam drug deaths occur.
  • 2015
  • February: University of Amsterdam Bungehuis and Maagdenhuis occupations (student protest) occur.
  • Regeneration of Frederik Hendrikplantsoen

Images

See also

  • History of Amsterdam
  • List of mayors of Amsterdam
  • {{Interlanguage link multi|List of rijksmonuments in Amsterdam|nl|3=Lijst van rijksmonumenten in Amsterdam}}
  • Walls of Amsterdam
  • Expansion of Amsterdam since the 19th century
  • {{Interlanguage link multi|List of streets in Amsterdam|nl|3=Lijst van straten in Amsterdam}}
  • Timelines of other municipalities in the Netherlands: Breda, Delft, Eindhoven, Groningen, Haarlem, The Hague, 's-Hertogenbosch, Leiden, Maastricht, Nijmegen, Rotterdam, Utrecht
  • History of urban centers in the Low Countries

References

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23. ^{{cite book|title=Europa World Year Book |year=2004|publisher=Europa Publications |isbn=978-1-85743-255-8 |chapter=Netherlands |chapterurl= https://books.google.com/books?id=gP_-8rXzQs8C&pg=PA3082 }}
24. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/explore-the-collection/timeline-dutch-history |publisher=Rijksmuseum |title=Timeline Dutch History |accessdate= 30 October 2015 }}
25. ^{{cite book|editor=Walter Rüegg |editor-link=:de:Walter Rüegg |series=History of the University in Europe |volume=4 |title= Universities Since 1945 |year=2011|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-139-49425-0 |chapter= Universities founded in Europe between 1945 and 1995 |chapterurl= https://books.google.com/books?id=VCKRv1GiFqEC&pg=PA576 }}
26. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ahk.nl/theaterschool/de-theaterschool/organisatie/geschiedenis/ |title=Geschiedenis |author=De Theaterschool |accessdate=13 July 2012 }}
27. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://stadsarchief.amsterdam.nl/english/amsterdam_treasures/famous/index.en.html |title=Famous |work=Amsterdam Treasures |publisher=Stadsarchief Amsterdam |accessdate=30 October 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101203201735/http://stadsarchief.amsterdam.nl/english/amsterdam_treasures/famous/index.en.html |archivedate=3 December 2010 |df=dmy-all }}
28. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/?period=11®ion=euwl#/Key-Events |title= Low Countries, 1900 A.D.–present: Key Events |work= Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History |publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art |location=New York |accessdate= 30 October 2015 }}
29. ^{{cite web |url = http://deregenboog.org/ |title = 25 jaar Stichting de Regenboog |language=Dutch |publisher = Stichting De Regenboog |location=Amsterdam |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20010205165400/http://deregenboog.org/ |deadurl = yes |archivedate = 5 February 2001 }}
30. ^{{cite journal |title=Profile: Other Books and so |journal=Umbrella |volume=1 |year=1978 |location=USA |url= http://journals.iupui.edu/index.php/umbrella/issue/archive |accessdate=28 July 2013 }}
31. ^{{cite web |url=http://stadsarchief.amsterdam.nl/english/amsterdam_treasures/festivities/index.en.html |archive-url=https://archive.is/20130728130257/http://stadsarchief.amsterdam.nl/english/amsterdam_treasures/festivities/index.en.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=28 July 2013 |title=Festivities |work=Amsterdam Treasures |publisher=Stadsarchief Amsterdam |accessdate=13 July 2012 }}
32. ^{{cite book|editor= Colin Lawson |title= Cambridge Companion to the Orchestra|year= 2003|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-00132-8 |chapter= Orchestras Founded in the 20th Century (chronological list) |chapterurl= https://books.google.com/books?id=1DW1WyiooSMC&pg=PA277 }}
33. ^{{citation |url=http://www.citylab.com/housing/2015/06/amsterdam-bold-housing-solution-10-artificial-islands/395516/ |work=CityLab |date=June 2015 |title= Amsterdam's Bold Housing Solution: 10 Artificial Islands |publisher=Atlantic Monthly Group |location=USA }}
34. ^1 2 {{cite web |url= https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-17741525 |author=BBC News |title=Netherlands Profile: Timeline |accessdate= 30 October 2015 }}
35. ^1 {{cite web |url= http://www.citymayors.com/mayors/amsterdam_mayor.html |title=Mayor of Amsterdam |location=London |work=City Mayors.com |publisher=City Mayors Foundation |accessdate=28 July 2013}}
36. ^{{cite journal |title=Local Sites, Foreign Sights: A Sailor's Sketchbook of Human and Animal Curiosities in Early Modern Amsterdam |author= Angela Vanhaelen |journal=RES: Anthropology and Aesthetics |number=45 |year= 2004 |jstor= 20167631 }}
This article incorporates information from the Dutch Wikipedia.

Bibliography

{{main article|Bibliography of Amsterdam}}{{refbegin}}
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|publisher = Trubner & Co. |publication-place = London |author = Francis Coghlan |title = Coghlan's Illustrated Guide to the Rhine |edition=18th |publication-date = 1863 |chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=PEsQAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA112 |chapter=Amsterdam
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|editor= William Henry Overall |title= Dictionary of Chronology|year=1870|publisher=William Tegg |location=London
|chapter= Amsterdam
|chapterurl= http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t9m32q949?urlappend=%3Bseq=34
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|publisher = John Murray |publication-place = London |title = Handbook for travellers in Holland and Belgium |edition=19th |publication-date = 1876 |oclc = 221452961 |chapterurl=https://archive.org/stream/handbookfortr00lond#page/n87/mode/2up |chapter=Amsterdam
| ref = {{harvid|Murray|1876}}
}}
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|title = A Dictionary, Practical, Theoretical and Historical of Commerce and Commercial Navigation |publication-date = 1880 |publisher = Longmans, Green, and Co. |location=London |chapter=Amsterdam |chapterurl=https://archive.org/stream/dictionaryprac00mccu#page/n91/mode/2up |author=John Ramsay McCulloch |editor=Hugh G. Reid
| ref = {{harvid|McCulloch|1880}}
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|publisher = Karl Baedeker |publication-place = Leipsic |title = Belgium and Holland |edition = 3rd |publication-date = 1891 |oclc = 5624932 |chapterurl= https://archive.org/stream/belgiumandholland00karl#page/n407/mode/2up |chapter=Amsterdam
| ref = {{harvid|Baedeker|1891}}
}}
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|title=Chambers's Encyclopaedia
|location=London
|year=1901
|chapterurl= http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t5bc48059?urlappend=%3Bseq=264
|chapter=Amsterdam
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|publication-place = New York |title = Encyclopædia Britannica |publication-date = 1910 |oclc = 14782424 |edition=11th |chapterurl=https://archive.org/stream/encyclopaediabri01chisrich#page/896/mode/2up |chapter=Amsterdam
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|publisher = Ward, Lock & Co. |publication-place = London |title = Haydn's Dictionary of Dates |author = Benjamin Vincent |edition = 25th |publication-date = 1910
|chapter=Amsterdam
|chapterurl = http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t41r6xh8t?urlappend=%3Bseq=65
| ref = {{harvid|Haydn|1910}}
}}
  • {{cite journal

|title=Amsterdam: Its Town Planning Development |author= W. Dougill |journal= Town Planning Review |volume= 14 |date=May 1931
| ref = {{harvid|Dougill|1931}}
}}
  • {{cite journal

|title=Deadlocks and breakthroughs in urban renewal: a network analysis in Amsterdam |author1= Marietta Haffner |author2= Marja Elsinga |journal= Journal of Housing and the Built Environment |volume= 24 |year= 2009 |jstor=41107458
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|publisher = Amsterdam University Press |isbn = 9789089641687 |publication-place = Amsterdam |title = Ethnic Amsterdam: immigrants and urban change in the twentieth century |editor1=Liza Nell |editor2=Jan Rath |publication-date = 2010 |author=Christine Delhaye |chapter=Towards Cultural Diversity in Amsterdam's Arts
| ref = {{harvid|Delhaye|2010}}
}}
  • {{cite book

|title=Pocket Rough Guide Amsterdam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQWjBgAAQBAJ|year= 2015
|edition=3rd
|isbn=978-0-241-21445-9
|chapter=Chronology
| ref = {{harvid|Rough|2015}}
}}{{refend}}

External links

{{commons category|Amsterdam}}
  • {{cite web |url=http://code.waag.org/buildings/ |title= All buildings in the Netherlands, shaded according to year of construction |publisher=Waag Society |location=Amsterdam }} (map that includes Amsterdam)
  • Europeana. [https://www.europeana.eu/portal/search.html?query=amsterdam&rows=96 Items related to Amsterdam], various dates
{{Amsterdam|state=show}}{{Neighborhoods of Amsterdam}}{{Years in the Netherlands}}{{coord|52.373056|4.892222|type:city_region:NL|display=title}}{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}

4 : History of Amsterdam|Timelines of cities in the Netherlands|Years in the Netherlands|Timelines of capitals
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