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词条 Timeline of Antwerp
释义

  1. Prior to 13th century

  2. 13th–15th century

  3. 16th century

  4. 17th–18th centuries

  5. 19th century

  6. 20th century

  7. 21st century

  8. See also

  9. References

  10. Bibliography

  11. External links

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}

The following is a timeline of the history of the municipality of Antwerp, Belgium.

{{Dynamic list}}{{TOC right}}

Prior to 13th century

  • from abt. 150 – abt. 250-270: Gallo-Roman settlement in the centre of Antwerpen (at "Willem Ogierplaats").[1][2][3]
  • abt 700: Oldest mention of the name Andoverpis in a written source : the Vita Eligii dated early 8th century (abt. 700).[4]
  • 739: death of Saint Willibrord, bishop.[5]
  • 978: Treaty of Margut-sur-Chiers, between France and German empire, the river Scheldt is recognised as the border between Neustrië and Lotharingie[6]
  • 980 - the German Emperor Otto II awarded Antwerp a margraviate, and build a fortification on the wharf (de burg) with a ditch the "burchtgracht"
  • 1100 The Roya is a small natural river that runs outside the "Burchtgracht"
  • 1104 The fortification of the "Burcht" is reinforced by Emperor Hendrik IV. The wall's height in increased from {{convert|5|m|ft}} to {{convert|12|m|ft}} its thickness from {{convert|1.35|m|ft}} to {{convert|2|m|ft}}
  • 1109: Antwerp starts making city canals the "ruienstelsel" From the Koolvliet in the north via, Holenrui, Minderbroedersrui to Suikerrui and Botervliet in the south

13th–15th century

  • 1250 - Construction of the second Vleeshuis, city butchery and Guildhouse of the butchers[7]
  • 1406 - City becomes part of the Duchy of Brabant.
  • 1442 - Guild of Saint Luke granted privileges.
  • 1477 - Quaeye Werelt revolt
  • 1478
    • Joyous Entry of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor into the city.
    • Violieren chamber of rhetoric founded.[8]
  • 1481 - Matt. Van der Goes sets up printing press.[9]
  • 1491 - One of the world's "first" illustrated advertisements printed in Antwerp.[10]

16th century

{{History of Belgium}}
  • 1503 - Construction of the third Vleeshuis, current building, city butchery and guildhouse of the butchers .[11]
  • 1513 - Guild Hall of the Archers built.[12]
  • 1515 - Joyous Entry of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor into the city.
  • 1518 - Notre Dame Cathedral built.[12]
  • 1520 - Het Steen fortress rebuilt.
  • 1523 - Church of St. Andrew built.[12]
  • 1528 - Merten de Keyser (printer) in business (approximate date).[13]
  • 1531 - {{illm|Antwerp Stock Exchange|nl|Handelsbeurs (Antwerpen)}} building constructed.[12]
  • 1533 - Lancelot II of Ursel saves the Cathedral from total ruin.
  • 1543 - Music publisher Susato in business.[14]
  • 1549 - Philip II of Spain visits city.[15]
  • 1552 - Girls' orphanage built.[12]
  • 1555 - Christophe Plantin (printer) in business.[16]
  • 1560s - Antwerp Citadel built.[17]
  • 1565 - City Hall built.[12]
  • 1566 - August: Protestant Reformation riots.{{citation needed|date=January 2013}}
  • 1567 - 13 March: Battle of Oosterweel occurs near city.
  • 1568
    • Anthony van Stralen, Lord of Merksem, former mayor is executed..
    • Maison Hanseatique built.[12]
    • Population: 125,000.[12]
  • 1570 - Theatrum Orbis Terrarum atlas published.
  • 1571 - Church of St. Paul built.[12]
  • 1572 - Antwerp Citadel completed.
  • 1576 - 4 November: during the Sack of Antwerp, John III van de Werve, Lord of Hovorst gets killed by the Spanish forces,.[12]
  • 1577 - Antwerp Citadel partially dismantled.
  • 1579
    • City joins Union of Utrecht.
    • Hall of the Coopers built.[12]
  • 1583 - 17 January: François, Duke of Anjou tries to take city.
  • 1584 - July: Siege of Antwerp begins.
  • 1585
    • August: Siege of Antwerp ends; Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma in power.[12]
    • Population: 85,000.[12]
  • 1589
    • Church of the Capuchins built.
    • Population: 55,000.[12]
  • 1593 - Hieronymus Verdussen (printer) in business (approximate date).
  • 1594 - Joyous Entry of Archduke Ernest of Austria into the city.
  • 1599 - Isabella and Albert (Habsburg Netherlands sovereigns) make their Joyous Entry into the city.[18]

17th–18th centuries

  • 1603 - Nicolaas II Rockox builds the Rockox House.
  • 1609 - Twelve Years' Truce signed.
  • 1615 - Church of Augustinians built.[12]
  • 1621 - Carolus Borromeuskerk built.[12]
  • 1635 - Joyous Entry of Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand into the city.[19]
  • 1638 - 20 June: Battle of Kallo.
  • 1644 - House of the Tailors rebuilt.[12]
  • 1646 - Hall of the Carpenters rebuilt.[12]
  • 1646 - Siege of Antwerp by Frederick Henry failed.
  • 1648
    • River Scheldt closed to navigation per Treaty of Münster.[12]
    • Joyous Entry of Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria into the city.[20]
  • 1656 - St. James' Church built.[12]
  • 1663 - Royal Academy of Fine Arts founded.
  • 1745 - Royal Residence built on the Meir.
  • 1746 - Osterrieth House built on the Meir.
  • 1750 - Royal Horticultural and Agricultural Society exhibitions begin (approximate date).[21]
  • 1755 - Royal Palace built.[12]
  • 1790 - Population: 40,000.[12]
  • 1795 - City becomes capital of French département Deux-Nèthes.

19th century

  • 1802 - Quays built on Schelde River.[12]
  • 1805 - City Library opens in City Hall.[22]
  • 1810 - Royal Museum of Fine Arts founded.
  • 1811 - Bonaparte Dock built.
  • 1813 - Willem Dock built.
  • 1815 - City becomes part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.[12]
  • 1816 - Jewish Community established.
  • 1818 - Fortresses built.[12]
  • 1826 - Orangery built in the Botanical Garden.{{citation needed|date=January 2013}}
  • 1830
    • Conflict between Belgian insurgents and Dutch forces.[12]
    • Population: 73,506.[12]
  • 1832 - November–December: City besieged by French forces.[12]
  • 1834
    • Medical Society founded.[23]
    • Theatre Royal built.[12]
  • 1843 - Zoological Garden founded.[24]
  • 1846 - Population: 88,487.[12]
  • 1848 - Jan Frans Loos becomes mayor.
  • 1852 - Wuyts art gallery opens (approximate date).[25]
  • 1853
    • {{illm|Universitaire Faculteiten Sint-Ignatius Antwerpen|nl|lt=Institut Saint-Ignace}} inaugurated.[26]
    • Church of St. George consecrated.[12]
  • 1859
    • Berchem and Borgerhout become part of city (approximate date).[12]
    • Old city walls dismantled.[12]
    • Fortress construction begins.
  • 1860 - Kattendijk built.[12]
  • 1864 - Museum of Antiquities opens.[27]
  • 1866 - Cholera epidemic.
  • 1867 - School of Music founded.[28]
  • 1870 - Fort Merxem constructed.[12]
  • 1871 - International Geographical Congress held.
  • 1872 - Exchange building and Flemish Theatre built.[12]
  • 1873 - Horsecar trams begin operating.
  • 1874 - Demolition of Antwerp Citadel begins.[12]
  • 1876 - {{illm|Royal Geographical Society of Antwerp|nl|Koninklijk Aardrijkskundig Genootschap van Antwerpen}} founded.[29]
  • 1877 - Plantin-Moretus Museum opens.
  • 1879 - Population: 173,600.[30]
  • 1880 - Royal Antwerp Football Club formed.
  • 1881 - Antwerp Water Works constructed.
  • 1883 - Library building opens.
  • 1884 - Royal Atheneum (school) built.[31]
  • 1885
    • Exposition Universelle d'Anvers (world's fair) held.
    • Temperance conference held.[32]
  • 1891 - Gazet van Antwerpen newspaper begins publication.[33]
  • 1892 - Société Anversoise du Commerce au Congo in business.
  • 1893
    • {{Interlanguage link multi|Koninklijke Vlaamse Opera|nl}} (Flemish Opera) founded.[34]
    • Hollandse Synagoge built.
  • 1894 - Exposition Internationale d'Anvers (world's fair) and Universal Peace Congress[35] held.
  • 1895 - Compagnie Belge Maritime du Congo in business.
  • 1896 - National Archives' Antwerp branch founded.[36]
  • 1897 - {{Interlanguage link multi|De Nieuwe Gazet|nl}} newspaper begins publication.[33]
  • 1898 - Royal Conservatory established.[37]

20th century

  • 1902 - Electric trams begin operating.
  • 1903 - World Gymnastics Championships held.
  • 1904 - Museum Mayer van den Bergh built.
  • 1905 - Antwerpen-Centraal railway station and "America dock"[12] open.
  • 1906 - Fort Breendonk built.
  • 1907 - Eisenmann Synagogue built.
  • 1910
    • Population: 361,723.[12]
    • St. Boniface Church consecrated.
  • 1914 - September–October: Siege of Antwerp; German occupation begins.[38][39]
  • 1920
    • 1920 Summer Olympics held.
    • Compagnie Financière Belge des Pétroles headquartered in city.[40]
    • {{illm|Koloniale Hogeschool van België|nl|lt=Colonial school}} and Société Belge des Bétons[41] founded
  • 1921 - Schoonselhof cemetery established.
  • 1923 - Airport opens.
  • 1928 - Antwerpsche Diamantkring established.
  • 1930 - Eeuwfeestkliniek (hospital) built.
  • 1931 - Antwerp Book Fair begins.
  • 1932 - Boerentoren built.
  • 1933 - Museum of Flemish Literature founded.
  • 1940 - May: German occupation begins.
  • 1944
    • 4 September: Liberation by the British 11th Armoured Division.
    • October–November: Battle of the Scheldt.
  • 1946 - Rubens House museum opens.
  • 1966
    • Sporthal Arena built.
    • Wide White Space Gallery opens.
  • 1967 - Antwerp International School established.
  • 1968 - De Tijd newspaper begins publication.[33]
  • 1969
    • Jazz Middelheim festival begins.
    • Kennedytunnel opens.
    • Royal Ballet of Flanders established.
  • 1970 - Chicagoblok built.
  • 1975
    • Antwerp Pre-metro begins operating.
    • International Gemological Institute headquartered in city.
  • 1977 - 't Fornuis restaurant in business.
  • 1981 - Zeno X gallery opens.[42]
  • 1983 - Berchem, Borgerhout, Deurne, Ekeren, Hoboken, Merksem, and Wilrijk become part of the city of Antwerp.[43]
  • 1985 - Museum of Modern Art founded.{{citation needed|date=January 2013}}
  • 1989 - Berendrecht Lock constructed.
  • 1994
    • Laus Polyphoniae festival begins.
    • Switel Hotel fire
  • 1995 - City website launched (Digitale Metropool Antwerpen).[44]

21st century

  • 2003
    • Patrick Janssens becomes mayor.[45]
    • University of Antwerp established.
  • 2004
    • Fotomuseum Antwerp opens.
    • City designated a UNESCO World Book Capital.
  • 2006
    • 0110 concert held.
    • FelixArchief (city archives)[46] and Law Courts building open.
  • 2007
    • Antwerp World Diamond Centre established.[47]
    • {{Interlanguage link multi|Stadsfeestzaal|nl|3=Stadsfeestzaal (Antwerpen)}} shopping center opens.{{citation needed|date=January 2013}}
  • 2010 - One Love Roller Dolls organized.
  • 2011
    • Museum aan de Stroom opens.
    • Population: 507,007.
  • 2013 - Bart De Wever becomes mayor.

See also

  • {{Interlanguage link multi|History of Antwerp|nl|3=Geschiedenis van Antwerpen}}
  • List of mayors of Antwerp
  • List of schools in Antwerp
  • List of parks in Antwerp
  • {{Interlanguage link multi|List of historical monuments of Antwerp/Historical Center|nl|3=Lijst van onroerend erfgoed in Antwerpen/Historisch Centrum}}
  • Timelines of other municipalities in Belgium: Bruges, Brussels, Ghent, Leuven, Liège
  • History of urban centers in the Low Countries

References

1. ^Stadsarcheologie, Tony Oost 1976-1982, site 'Stadsparking'
2. ^Oost, Tony: De bewoning te Antwerpen tijdens de Gallo-Romeinse periode. In: Warmenbol-feit-1987
3. ^Oost, T.: De opgravingen "Stadsparking" te Antwerpen: een voorlopig verslag (dec. 1974-maart 1976). In: "Antwerpen", 22 (1976), 2: 68-76. www zie: Archeoweb Antwerpen   {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107231653/http://www.avbg.be/kroniek_Antwerpen_0-1200#sthash.nsUJq1QV.dpuf#sthash.nsUJq1QV.dpuf |date=7 January 2015 }}
4. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.avbg.be/kroniek_Antwerpen_0-1200#sthash.nsUJq1QV.dpuf |title=Verhulst-1978 |access-date=7 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107231653/http://www.avbg.be/kroniek_Antwerpen_0-1200#sthash.nsUJq1QV.dpuf#sthash.nsUJq1QV.dpuf |archive-date=7 January 2015 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}
5. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.avbg.be/kroniek_Antwerpen_0-1200#sthash.nsUJq1QV.dpuf |title=warmenbol-feit-1987, p.174 |access-date=7 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107231653/http://www.avbg.be/kroniek_Antwerpen_0-1200#sthash.nsUJq1QV.dpuf#sthash.nsUJq1QV.dpuf |archive-date=7 January 2015 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}
6. ^[prims-asia31, p.55 [http://www.avbg.be/kroniek_Antwerpen_0-1200#sthash.nsUJq1QV.dpuf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107231653/http://www.avbg.be/kroniek_Antwerpen_0-1200#sthash.nsUJq1QV.dpuf#sthash.nsUJq1QV.dpuf |date=7 January 2015 }}
7. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.museumvleeshuis.be/Museum_Vleeshuis_NL/VleeshuisNL/VleeshuisNL-Museum/Museum-Gebouw.html# |title=Antwerp city website, museum Vleeshuis |access-date=4 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150104181104/http://www.museumvleeshuis.be/Museum_Vleeshuis_NL/VleeshuisNL/VleeshuisNL-Museum/Museum-Gebouw.html# |archive-date=4 January 2015 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}
8. ^{{cite book|editor1=Arjan Van Dixhoorn |editor2=Susie Speakman Sutch |title=The Reach of the Republic of Letters: Literary and Learned Societies in the Late Medieval and Early Modern Europe|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X_bfaRJbXyQC|year=2008|publisher=Brill |isbn=90-04-16955-5 }}
9. ^{{cite book |title= Index to the Early Printed Books in the British Museum |author= Robert Proctor |location=London |publisher= Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner and Company |year= 1898 |chapter=Books Printed From Types: Belgium: Anvers |chapterurl= http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.c3450632?urlappend=%3Bseq=156 |via=HathiTrust }}
10. ^{{cite book|author=Patrick Robertson|title= Robertson's Book of Firsts |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2TEEaCrPiWsC|year= 2011|publisher=Bloomsbury |isbn=978-1-60819-738-5}}
11. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.museumvleeshuis.be/Museum_Vleeshuis_NL/VleeshuisNL/VleeshuisNL-Museum/Museum-Gebouw.html# |title=Antwerp city website , Museum Vleeshuis |access-date=4 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150104181104/http://www.museumvleeshuis.be/Museum_Vleeshuis_NL/VleeshuisNL/VleeshuisNL-Museum/Museum-Gebouw.html# |archive-date=4 January 2015 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}
12. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 {{Citation |publication-place = New York |title = Encyclopædia Britannica |chapterurl = https://archive.org/stream/encyclopaediabri02chisrich#page/154/mode/2up |chapter=Antwerp |publication-date = 1910 |oclc = 14782424 |edition=11th }}
13. ^{{cite book |title=De boekdrukkers, boekverkoopers en uitgevers in Antwerpen |author=Frans Olthoff |year=1891 |publisher=Ruef |location=Antwerpen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ueYxrlZ_9gIC |language=Dutch }}
14. ^{{cite book|editor=Tim Carter |editor2=John Butt |title= Cambridge History of Seventeenth-Century Music |year=2005|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-79273-8 |chapter= Places and Institutions |author=Stephen Rose |chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=mHJvKVq0vXoC&pg=PA547 }}
15. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.europeana.eu/resolve/record/03486/AFD7A32B6E676C1726199DB47C11B5F5573E2D2D|archive-url=https://archive.is/20130217115255/http://www.europeana.eu/resolve/record/03486/AFD7A32B6E676C1726199DB47C11B5F5573E2D2D|dead-url=yes|archive-date=2013-02-17|title=Spectaculorum in susceptione Philippi Hispan. Princ. a. 1549 Antverpia aeditorum mirificus apparatus|author=Grapheus, Cornelius|accessdate=2013-01-08|publisher=Europeana}}
16. ^{{Citation |publisher = Printed for the Grolier Club |publication-place = New York |author = Theodore Low De Vinne |authorlink = Theodore Low De Vinne |url = http://openlibrary.org/books/OL7174501M/Christopher_Plantin_and_the_Plantin-Moretus_museum_at_Antwerp |title = Christopher Plantin, and the Plantin-Moretus Museum at Antwerp |publication-date = 1888 |access-date = 9 January 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160311015910/https://openlibrary.org/books/OL7174501M/Christopher_Plantin_and_the_Plantin-Moretus_museum_at_Antwerp# |archive-date = 11 March 2016 |dead-url = no |df = dmy-all }}
17. ^{{cite book|author=Martha Pollak |title=Cities at War in Early Modern Europe |year= 2010|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-11344-1 |chapter= Paradigmatic Citadels: Antwerp/Turin |chapterurl= https://books.google.com/books?id=A6NfiUjDFfMC&pg=PA13 }}
18. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.europeana.eu/resolve/record/04202/A3F0FB155DFDDD017425DA47DBD685DA2E430968|archive-url=https://archive.is/20130217112204/http://www.europeana.eu/resolve/record/04202/A3F0FB155DFDDD017425DA47DBD685DA2E430968|dead-url=yes|archive-date=2013-02-17|title=Historica narratio profectionis et inavgvrationis serenissimorvm Belgii principvm Alberti et Isabellae, Avstriae archidvcvm|author=Bochius, Johannes, 1555-1609|authorlink=Joannes Bochius|accessdate=2013-01-08|publisher=Europeana}}. {{cite journal |title= Marrying the City, Mothering the Country: Gender and Visual Conventions in Johannes Bochius's Account of the Joyous Entry of the Archduke Albert and the Infanta Isabella into Antwerp |author= Margit Thøfner |journal=Oxford Art Journal |volume= 22 |year=1999 }}
19. ^{{cite web |url=http://special-1.bl.uk/treasures/festivalbooks/BookDetails.aspx?strFest=0152 |title=Entry of Ferdinand, Infante of Spain, into Antwerp. (Antwerp: 15th May, 1635) |work=Treasures in Full: Renaissance Festival Books |publisher=British Library |accessdate=30 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140326035128/http://special-1.bl.uk/treasures/festivalbooks/BookDetails.aspx?strFest=0152# |archive-date=26 March 2014 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}
20. ^{{cite journal |title=The Decorations for Archduke Leopold William's State Entry into Antwerp |author= Hans Vlieghe |journal= Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes |year=1976 }}
21. ^{{cite journal |title=The Great Horticultural Show at Antwerp |journal = Journal of Horticulture and Cottage Gardener |location=London |date=April 8, 1875 }}
22. ^{{citation |title = The Bibliographer |location=London |date=April 1883 }}
23. ^{{cite book |title=Annales de la Société de médecine d'Anvers |year=1863 |language=French |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=unsUAAAAQAAJ }}
24. ^{{cite book |title=Promenade au jardin zoologique d'Anvers |year=1861 |language=French |url=https://archive.org/stream/promenadeaujard00gensgoog#page/n7/mode/2up |access-date=18 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313141314/http://archive.org/stream/promenadeaujard00gensgoog#page/n7/mode/2up#page/n7/mode/2up |archive-date=13 March 2016 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}
25. ^{{citation |title=The Art Journal |location=London |date=May 1, 1852 }}
26. ^{{cite journal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6bVJAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA791 |journal=Journal of the Society of Arts |location=London |date=July 1897 |title=L'Enseignement technique et commercial en Belgique |author=Edouard Seve |language=French |quote=Institut Supérieur de Commerce d'Anvers }}
27. ^{{citation |title=Catalogue du Musée d'antiquités d'Anvers |language=French |year=1885 |url=https://archive.org/stream/cataloguedumuse00musegoog#page/n11/mode/2up |edition=3rd |access-date=18 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160326052642/http://archive.org/stream/cataloguedumuse00musegoog#page/n11/mode/2up#page/n11/mode/2up |archive-date=26 March 2016 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}
28. ^{{Citation |publisher = Macmillan |publication-place = London |title = Dictionary of music and musicians |chapterurl =https://archive.org/stream/dictionaryofmusi04grovuoft#page/544/mode/2up |chapter=Benoit |publication-date = 1900 |author =George Grove }}
29. ^{{citation |title=Memoires de la societe de geographie d'Anvers |year=1879 |location=Anvers |volume=1 |url=https://archive.org/stream/mmoirest01soci#page/n5/mode/2up |language=French |access-date=18 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325144104/http://archive.org/stream/mmoirest01soci#page/n5/mode/2up#page/n5/mode/2up |archive-date=25 March 2016 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}
30. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 {{Citation |publisher = Karl Baedeker |publication-place = Leipsic |title = Belgium and Holland |chapterurl = https://archive.org/stream/belgiumandholla00baedgoog#page/n210/mode/2up |chapter=Antwerp |edition=6th |publication-date = 1881 }}
31. ^{{cite journal |title= Expressing Local Specificity: The Flemish Renaissance Revival in Belgium and the AntwerpCity Architect Pieter Jan Auguste Dens |author=Inge Bertels |journal= Architectural History |volume= 50 |year=2007 }}
32. ^{{Citation |publication-place = New York |author = G. Thomann |url = http://openlibrary.org/books/OL14042676M/Some_thoughts_on_the_International_Temperance_meeting_held_at_Antwerp_in_September_1885. |title = Some thoughts on the International Temperance meeting, held at Antwerp in September, 1885 |publication-date = 1886 }}
33. ^1 2 {{cite book |title=Europa World Year Book |year=2004|publisher=Europa Publications |isbn=978-1-85743-254-1 |chapter=Belgium |chapterurl= https://books.google.com/books?id=wGA4o-UhAfgC&pg=PA752 }}
34. ^{{cite book|author1= John Warrack |author2= Ewan West |title= Concise Oxford Dictionary of Opera|year= 1996 |edition=3rd |publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-280028-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WbDbuLJPKBgC |chapter=Antwerp }}
35. ^{{Citation |title = Bulletin officiel du VIme Congrès international de la paix tenu à Anvers (Belgique) du 29 août au 1r septembre 1894 |url = http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/008681456 |publication-date = 1895 |access-date = 23 November 2014 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141129091906/http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/008681456# |archive-date = 29 November 2014 |dead-url = no |df = dmy-all }}
36. ^{{cite web |url=http://arch.arch.be/{taal}/component/option,com_rab_instellingen/task,view/id,15/Itemid,177/ |title=State archives in Antwerp |publisher=State Archives in Belgium |accessdate=9 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130824135225/http://arch.arch.be/%7Btaal%7D/component/option,com_rab_instellingen/task,view/id,15/Itemid,177# |archive-date=24 August 2013 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}
37. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.artesis.be/conservatorium/organisatie/historiek.htm |title=Historiek |language=Dutch |publisher=Artesis Hogeschool Antwerpen - Koninklijk Conservatorium |accessdate=9 January 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120922132129/http://www.artesis.be/conservatorium/organisatie/historiek.htm |archivedate=22 September 2012 |df=dmy-all }}
38. ^{{cite book|author=Ian V. Hogg|title=Historical Dictionary of World War I|year=1998|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-3372-2 |chapter=Antwerp |chapterurl= https://books.google.com/books?id=A574mjoDCSoC&pg=PA13 }}
39. ^{{cite book|author1=Chris Cook|author2=John Stevenson|title=Longman Handbook of Twentieth Century Europe |year=2003|publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-89224-3 |chapter=First World War: Chronology |chapterurl= https://books.google.com/books?id=olmPBAAAQBAJ&pg=PP21 }}
40. ^{{cite book|author= M. S. Vassiliou |title=Historical Dictionary of the Petroleum Industry |year= 2009|publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-6288-3 |chapter=Chronology |chapterurl= https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=vArc08DO9ykC&pg=PR23 }}
41. ^{{cite web |url=http://search.arch.be/eac/eac-BE-A0500_012007_FRE |title=Entreprises Jacques Delens |language=French |work=La recherche aux Archives de l'État: Producteurs |publisher=State Archives in Belgium |accessdate=30 August 2015 }}
42. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.zeno-x.com/gallery.htm |title= History |publisher= Zeno X Gallery |accessdate= 9 January 2013 |deadurl= yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20130123092141/http://www.zeno-x.com/gallery.htm |archivedate= 23 January 2013 |df= dmy-all }}
43. ^{{cite journal |title=Antwerp: A Modern City with a Significant Historic Heritage |author= Karel Vroom |journal= GeoJournal |volume= 24 |year= 1991 |doi=10.1007/bf00189028}}
44. ^{{citation |title=From backup to archived website: preserving the legacy websites of the city of Antwerp |year=2002 |author=Filip Boudrez |url=http://www.edavid.be/eng/publicaties.php |via=Expertisecentrum David |access-date=22 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304064024/http://www.edavid.be/eng/publicaties.php# |archive-date=4 March 2016 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}
45. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.citymayors.com/mayors/belgian-mayors.html |title=Belgian mayors |location=London |work=City Mayors.com |publisher=City Mayors Foundation |accessdate=29 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130427004003/http://www.citymayors.com/mayors/belgian-mayors.html# |archive-date=27 April 2013 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}
46. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.felixarchief.be/Stad-FelixArchief/Publicatiekanalen/Stad/Stad-FelixArchief/Website-FelixArchief/Website-FelixArchief-Hoofdnavigatie/Stadsgeschiedenis/Stadsgeschiedenis-Geschiedenis-stadsarchief.html |title=Geschiedenis stadsarchief |publisher=FelixArchief |language=Dutch |accessdate=9 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150919195807/http://www.felixarchief.be/Stad-FelixArchief/Publicatiekanalen/Stad/Stad-FelixArchief/Website-FelixArchief/Website-FelixArchief-Hoofdnavigatie/Stadsgeschiedenis/Stadsgeschiedenis-Geschiedenis-stadsarchief.html# |archive-date=19 September 2015 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}
47. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.awdc.be/en/history |title=History |publisher=Antwerp World Diamond Centre |accessdate=19 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130220003358/http://www.awdc.be/en/history# |archive-date=20 February 2013 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}
This article incorporates information from the Dutch Wikipedia and the French Wikipedia.

Bibliography

{{Refbegin}}
Published in the 18th-19th century
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|title = Gazetteer of the Netherlands
|others = Attributed to Clement Cruttwell
|publisher = G.G.J. and J. Robinson
|location =London
|year = 1794
|chapterurl = https://books.google.com/books?id=Mv1WAAAAcAAJ&pg=PR33
|chapter = Anvers
}}
  • {{cite book |title=Galignani's Traveller's Guide through Holland and Belgium |location= Paris |publisher= A. and W. Galignani |year= 1822 |edition=4th |chapter= Antwerp |chapterurl= http://hdl.handle.net/2027/njp.32101073846667?urlappend=%3Bseq=224 }}
  • {{cite journal |journal=Penny Magazine of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge |date=December 22, 1832 |title=Antwerp |location=London |publisher=Charles Knight |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LKdbAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA369 }}
  • {{cite book |title=The Traveller's Guide through Belgium |year=1835 |publisher=A.D. Wahlen |location=Brussels |oclc = 32329300 |chapter=Antwerp |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bUxAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA241 }}
  • {{cite book |title=Belgium historical and picturesque |author= Alexandre Ferrier de Tourette |others=Translated by Addison |year=1840 |publisher=Hauman |location=Brussels |chapter=Anvers |chapterurl= https://books.google.com/books?id=8GLRAmJzKxIC&pg=PA70 }}
  • {{cite journal |journal=Bentley's Miscellany |year=1849 |publisher=Richard Bentley |location=London |title=Wayside Pictures through France, Belgium, and Holland: the Shores of the Low Countries; Antwerp |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sYl81XHl2Z8C&pg=PA624 }}
  • {{cite book |title=Index of Dates ... Facts in the Chronology and History of the World |author= J. Willoughby Rosse |location= London |publisher=H.G. Bohn |year=1858 |via=Hathi Trust |chapterurl= http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uva.x030807786?urlappend=%3Bseq=52 |chapter= Antwerp }}
  • {{cite book |title=Feestalbum van Antwerpen |year=1864 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lVdbAAAAQAAJ |publisher=Buschmann |location=Antwerpen |language=Dutch }}
  • {{Citation |title = A Dictionary, Practical, Theoretical and Historical of Commerce and Commercial Navigation |publication-date = 1869 |publisher = Longmans, Green |location=London |chapter=Antwerp |chapterurl= http://hdl.handle.net/2027/njp.32101075979870?urlappend=%3Bseq=114 |author=John Ramsay McCulloch |editor=Hugh G. Reid }}
  • {{cite book |title=Visitors Universal Handybook and Guide to Antwerp, Brussels, Waterloo, Ghent, Bruges, Liege, etc. etc. |publisher=John De Wit & Joris |location=Antwerp |edition=5th |year=1884 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qmMDAAAAQAAJ }}
  • {{Citation |publisher = Harper & Brothers |publication-place = New York |author = W. Pembroke Fetridge |authorlink = William Pembroke Fetridge |chapterurl = https://archive.org/stream/harperseuropeeast00fetr#page/n605/mode/2up |chapter=Antwerp |title = Harper's Hand-book for Travellers in Europe and the East |publication-date = 1885 }}
  • {{citation |title=Belgium through a Hand Camera |author=Walter D. Welford |work =Photographic Times |date=October 1895 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VbcaAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA203 }}
  • {{Citation |publisher = J. Reichmann & Cantor |publication-place = Berlin |title = Guide through Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, Switzerland, France, Belgium, Holland and England |author = Norddeutscher Lloyd |publication-date = 1896 |oclc = 8395555 |chapterurl= https://archive.org/stream/guidethroughgerm00nord#page/406/mode/2up |chapter=Antwerp }}
Published in the 20th century
  • {{Citation |publisher = Page |publication-place = Boston |author = Grant Allen |authorlink = Grant Allen |url = http://openlibrary.org/books/OL24136954M/Belgium |title = Belgium: its Cities |publication-date = 1904 }}
  • {{Citation |publisher = Karl Baedeker |publication-place = Leipzig |title = Belgium and Holland, including the grand-duchy of Luxembourg |url = https://archive.org/stream/belgiumhollan00karl#page/164/mode/2up |chapter=Antwerp |edition=15th |publication-date = 1910 |oclc = 397759 }}
  • {{citation |title=Winkler Prins' Geillustreerde Encyclopaedie |edition=4th |location=Amsterdam |publisher=Uitgevers-Maatschappy „Elsevier“ |editors= {{Interlanguage link multi|Henri Zondervan|nl}} |language=Dutch |chapter= Antwerpen |volume=1 |chapterurl= http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015068310187?urlappend=%3Bseq=853 |year=1914 }}
  • {{Citation |publisher = T. Cook & Son |publication-place = London |title = Traveller's Handbook for Belgium and the Ardennes |publication-date = 1921 |chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=IDozAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA127 |chapter=Antwerp }}
{{refend}}

External links

{{commons category|Antwerp}}
  • Europeana. [https://www.europeana.eu/portal/search.html?query=antwerp&rows=96 Items related to Antwerp], various dates.
{{Antwerp}}{{years in Belgium}}

5 : History of Antwerp|Timelines of cities in Europe|Antwerp|Belgium history-related lists|Years in Belgium
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