| 释义 |
- Prior to 16th century
- 16th-19th centuries
- 20th century
- 21st century
- See also
- References
- Bibliography in English in other languages
- External links
{{about||the town in Jordan|Bozrah|the town in Syria|Bosra}}The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Basra, Iraq. {{TOC right}}{{Dynamic list}}Prior to 16th century{{History of Iraq}}- 638 CE - Military camp established by Utbah ibn Ghazwan per order of Omar ibn al-Khattab.{{sfn|Stanley|2008}}
- 646 - Abdallah ibn Amer becomes governor.{{sfn|Naji|1981}}
- 658 - Battle of the Camel.{{sfn|Stanley|2008}}
- 664 - Ziyad ibn Abihi becomes governor.{{sfn|Naji|1981}}
- 673 - Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad becomes governor.
- 683 - Uprising against Umayyads.{{sfn|Stanley|2008}}
- 691 - Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan in power.
- 701 - Uprising against the Umayyads.{{sfn|Stanley|2008}}
- 772 - Ramparts built.{{sfn|Grove|2009}}
- 820 - Zott conflict.{{sfn|Abdullah|2001}}
- 868 - Zanj Rebellion.{{sfn|Stanley|2008}}
- 871 - City sacked during Zanj Rebellion.{{sfn|Stanley|2008}}
- 923 - Qaramitah conflict.{{sfn|Abdullah|2001}}
- 10th century - Public library active.{{sfn|Le Strange|1905}}
- 1052 - Traveller Nasir Khusraw visits city.{{sfn|Le Strange|1905}}
- 1122 - Imad ad-Din Zengi in power.
- 1123 - City wall rebuilt.{{sfn|Le Strange|1905}}
- 1258 - City sacked by Mongols.{{sfn|Grove|2009}}
- 1327 - Traveller Ibn Battuta visits city.{{sfn|Stanley|2008}}
- 1411 - Kara Koyunlu in power.
16th-19th centuries- 1546 - Ottomans in power.{{sfn|Stanley|2008}}
- 1547 - Basra Eyalet (administrative region) formed.{{sfn|Stanley|2008}}
- 1556 - Portuguese attempt to take city.{{sfn|Stanley|2008}}
- 1596 - Afrasiyab becomes governor.{{sfn|Abdullah|2001}}
- 1604 - Population: 50,000 (approximate); number of houses: 10,000 (approximate).{{sfn|Matthee|2006}}
- 1645 - English factory in business.{{sfn|Stanley|2008}}
- 1694 - Muntafiq tribes in power.{{sfn|Stanley|2008}}
- 1733 - City becomes part of Baghdad Eyalet (administrative region).{{sfn|Abdullah|2001}}
- 1763 - British East India Company in business.{{sfn|Stanley|2008}}
- 1773 - Epidemic.{{sfn|Stanley|2008}}
- 1777 - City besieged by Persian forces led by Sadiq Khan Zand.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
- 1779 - Turks in power.{{sfn|Hartmann|1913}}
- 1823 - Population: 55,000 (approximate).{{sfn|Morse|1823}}
- 1832 - Muhammad Ali of Egypt in power.{{sfn|Hartmann|1913}}
- 1840 - Turks in power.{{sfn|Hartmann|1913}}
- 1865 - Baghdad-Basra telegraph begins operating.{{sfn|Shahvar|2003}}
- 1884 - Basra Vilayet (administrative region) formed.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
20th century- 1901 - Consulate of Russia established.{{sfn|Stanley|2008}}
- 1910 - Cholera and bubonic plague outbreak.{{sfn|US GPO|1920}}
- 1911
- Consulate of Germany established.{{sfn|Stanley|2008}}
- Cholera epidemic.{{sfn|US GPO|1920}}
- 1913 - Reform Society of Basra founded.{{sfn|Tauber|1989}}
- 1914 - Battle of Basra (1914); British in power.
- 1915 - April: Turkish forces attempt to take city.{{sfn|Stanley|2008}}
- 1919 - Baghdad-Basra Railway in operation.{{sfn|Stanley|2008}}
- 1920
- Uprising against British occupation.{{sfn|Stanley|2008}}
- Population: 40,000 (approximate).{{sfn|US GPO|1920}}
- 1947 - Population: 101,535.[1]
- 1964 - University of Basrah established.{{sfn|Stanley|2008}}
- 1965 - Population: 310,950.[2]
- 1967 - Basrah Medical College established.{{citation needed|date=February 2013}}
- 1982 - July: Iranian forces attempt to take city.{{sfn|Stanley|2008}}
- 1984 - Iranian forces attempt to take city.{{sfn|Stanley|2008}}
- 1987
- January–February: Iranian forces attempt to take city.
- Population: 406,296.[3]
- 1991
- 1 March: Uprising against Saddam Hussein.
- Marsh Arab population in city expands.{{sfn|Stanley|2008}}
- 1999
- 25 January: Bombing by United States forces.
- Uprising.{{citation needed|date=February 2013}}
21st century- 2003
- March–April: Battle of Basra (2003); British forces in power.
- August: Oil strike.{{citation needed|date=February 2013}}
- 2004 - 21 April 2004 Basra bombings.
- 2005 - July: Oil strike.{{citation needed|date=February 2013}}
- 2007
- June: Al-Ashrah Al-Mubashra mosque bombed.[4]
- December: British military occupation ends.[5]
- Population: 1,912,533 (estimate).[6]
- 2008 - Battle of Basra (2008).
- 2011 - 2011 Basra bombings.
- 2012 - 14 January 2012 Basra bombing.[7]
See also- Timelines of other cities in Iraq: Baghdad, Mosul
References1. ^{{cite web |url= https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1950_round.htm |work=Demographic Yearbook 1955 |year= |publisher=Statistical Office of the United Nations |location=New York |title=Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants }}
2. ^{{cite book |url= https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1970_round.htm |title=Demographic Yearbook 1975 |year=1976 |author=United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office |location=New York |chapter=Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants |pages=253–279 }}
3. ^{{cite book |url= https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1990_round.htm |title=1995 Demographic Yearbook |year=1997 |author=United Nations Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis, Statistics Division |location=New York |chapter=Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants |pages=262–321 }}
4. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/16/world/middleeast/16cnd-baghdad.html |title=Second Sunni Mosque Is Blown Up in Basra |date=16 June 2007 |work=New York Times |accessdate=3 February 2013}}
5. ^{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/7146507.stm|title=UK troops return Basra to Iraqis|date=16 December 2007|publisher=BBC News | accessdate=3 February 2013}}
6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.iauiraq.org/gp/basrah/default.asp |title= Basrah |publisher= Inter-Agency Information and Analysis Unit |accessdate=2 February 2013}}
7. ^{{cite book|title=Encyclopædia Britannica Book of the Year |year=2013|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jXadAAAAQBAJ|isbn=978-1-62513-103-4}}
Bibliographyin English- Published in 19th century
- {{cite book |title=Maritime Geography and Statistics |author=James Hingston Tuckey |authorlink=James Hingston Tuckey |chapter= Bussora |chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=8xVDAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA92 |year=1815 |location=London |publisher=Black, Parry, and Co.
}}- {{Citation |publisher = S. Converse |publication-place = New Haven |author1 = Jedidiah Morse |authorlink1=Jedidiah Morse |author2=Richard C. Morse |title = A New Universal Gazetteer |publication-date = 1823 |edition= 4th |chapterurl= https://archive.org/stream/newuniversalgaze00morsrich#page/86/mode/1up |chapter= Bassora
|ref= {{harvid|Morse|1823}}
}}- {{cite book |title=Oriental Commerce |author1=William Milburn |author2=Thomas Thornton |year=1825 |location=London |publisher= Kingsbury, Parbury, and Allen |chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=qGIOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA85 |chapter= Bussorah
}}- {{Citation |publisher = H. Colburn |publication-place = London |title = Travels to the City of the Caliphs, along the Shores of the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean |author = J. R. Wellsted |publication-date = 1840 |oclc = 5395027 |chapterurl=https://archive.org/stream/travelstocityca00wellgoog#page/n158/mode/2up |chapter=(Busrah)
}}- {{cite journal |year=1846 |journal=Ainsworth's Magazine |location=London |title= Bassora |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z2hJAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA365
}}- {{cite book |title=Makamat: Or, Rhetorical Anecdotes |author=Al Hariri of Basra |authorlink=Al-Hariri of Basra |translator=Theodore Preston |publisher= Oriental Translation Fund |location=London |year=1850 |chapter=The Makamah of the Mosque Beni Haram |chapterurl= https://books.google.com/books?id=WSQ1AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA36
}}. Also: [https://books.google.com/books?id=WSQ1AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA451 The Makamah of Basra]. - {{cite book|author=James Horsburgh|author-link=James Horsburgh|title= India Directory: Or, Directions for Sailing to and from the East Indies, China, Australia, and the Interjacent Ports of Africa and South America|year=1852 |edition=6th |publisher= William H. Allen & Co. |location=London |via=Google Books |chapterurl = https://books.google.com/books?id=gCk6YV5AslIC&pg=PA424 |chapter=Persian Gulf: Basra
}}- {{cite book |title=Cyclopaedia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia |year=1871 |edition=2nd |location=Madras |editor=Edward Balfour |chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=R-NSAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA348 |chapter= Bassorah
}}- Published in 20th century
- {{Citation |publisher = Printed for the Hakluyt Society |publication-place = London |author = Pedro Teixeira |authorlink=Pedro Teixeira |translator=William F. Sinclair |title = Travels of Pedro Teixeira |publication-date = 1902
|chapterurl=https://archive.org/stream/travelsofpedrote09teix#page/28/mode/2up |chapter=(Basora)
}}- {{cite book |title=Lands of the Eastern Caliphate |chapter=(Al-Basrah) |chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=UJqxGH_QuXcC&pg=PA44 |year=1905 |author=Guy Le Strange |publisher=Cambridge University Press
|ref= {{harvid|Le Strange|1905}}
}}
| title = Encyclopædia Britannica
| publication-place = New York
| publication-date = 1910
| edition=11th
| oclc = 14782424
| via= Internet Archive
|chapterurl = https://archive.org/stream/encyclopaediabrit03chisrich#page/488/mode/2up |chapter = Basra
| ref = {{harvid|Britannica|1910}}
}}- {{cite book |title=Tarikh-i guzida |author= Hamdallah Mustawfi |authorlink=Hamdallah Mustawfi |translator=Edward G Browne |year=1910
}}. (Includes description of Basra in the 14th century) - {{cite book |title=Encyclopaedia of Islam |year=1913 |publisher=Brill |chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=rezD7rvuf9YC&pg=PA672 |chapter= al-Basra |author=R. Hartmann
|ref= {{harvid|Hartmann|1913}}
}}- {{cite book |title=Persian Gulf Pilot |year=1920 |location=Washington DC |publisher=Government Printing Office |chapter=Al Basra |chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=42sDAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA292
|ref= {{harvid|US GPO|1920}}
}}- {{cite journal |title=The Suqs of Basrah: Commercial Organization and Activity in a Medieval Islamic City |author1= A. J. Naji |author2= Y. N. Ali |journal= Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient |volume= 24 |year= 1981
|ref= {{harvid|Naji|1981}}
}}- {{cite journal |title=Sayyid Talib and the Young Turks in Basra |author= Eliezer Tauber |journal= Middle Eastern Studies |volume= 25 |year= 1989
|ref= {{harvid|Tauber|1989}}
}}- {{cite journal |author=Khoury |title=Iraqi Cities during the Early Ottoman Period: Mosul and Basra |journal=Arab Historical Review for Ottoman Studies |year=1992
}}- Published in 21st century
- {{Citation |publisher = State University of New York Press |isbn = 9780791448076 |title = Merchants, Mamluks, and Murder: The Political Economy of Trade in Eighteenth-Century Basra |author = Thabit A. J. Abdullah |publication-date = 2001 |id = 079144807X
|ref= {{harvid|Abdullah|2001}}
}}- {{cite journal |title=Tribes and Telegraphs in Lower Iraq: The Muntafiq and the Baghdad-Basrah Telegraph Line of 1863-65 |author= Soli Shahvar |journal= Middle Eastern Studies |volume= 39 |year= 2003
|ref= {{harvid|Shahvar|2003}}
}}- {{cite journal |title= Between Arabs, Turks and Iranians: The Town of Basra, 1600-1700 |author= Rudi Matthee |journal= Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London |volume= 69 |year=2006 |doi=10.1017/s0041977x06000036
|ref= {{harvid|Matthee|2006}}
}}- {{cite book|editor=Josef W. Meri|editor-link=Josef W. Meri|title=Medieval Islamic Civilization |year=2006 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-96691-7 |chapter= Basra |chapterurl= https://books.google.com/books?id=MypbfKdMePIC&pg=PA99
}}- {{cite book |title=Historic Cities of the Islamic World |editor=C. Edmund Bosworth |year=2007 |publisher=Koninklijke Brill |location=Leiden |page=49+ |chapter=Basra
}}- {{Citation |publisher = ABC-CLIO |publication-place = Santa Barbara, USA |editor1 = Michael R.T. Dumper |editor2=Bruce E. Stanley |author=Bruce Stanley |chapter= Basrah |title = Cities of the Middle East and North Africa |publication-date = 2008 |page=72+
|ref= {{harvid|Stanley|2008}}
}}- {{cite book|author1=Gabor Agoston |author2= Bruce Alan Masters |title=Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire|year= 2009|publisher=Facts on File |isbn=978-1-4381-1025-7 |chapter= Basra |chapterurl= https://books.google.com/books?id=QjzYdCxumFcC&pg=PA79
}}- {{cite book |chapter=Basra |title=Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture |year=2009 |publisher=Oxford University Press
|ref= {{harvid|Grove|2009}}
}}in other languages- {{cite book |author=Jean Baptiste Tavernier |authorlink=Jean Baptiste Tavernier |title=Les Six Voyages |language = French |year=1676 |location=Paris |chapterurl= https://books.google.com/books?id=_cgM18MuVgsC&pg=PA218 |chapter=Suite de la mesme route depuis Bagdat jusqua Balsara
}}- {{cite book |edition=New |year=1748 |publisher=Estienne et fils |location=Paris |title=Dictionnaire universel de commerce |author=Jacques Savary des Brûlons |author-link=Jacques Savary des Brûlons |language=French |chapter= Bassora |chapterurl = http://hdl.handle.net/2027/ucm.5317968141?urlappend=%3Bseq=443
}}- {{cite book |author=Domenico Sestini |language=French |title=Voyage de Constantinople à Bassora en 1781 |year=1798 |location=Paris |chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=RHZCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA188 |chapter=Arrivee et sejour a Bassora
}}- {{cite book |title=La Turquie d'Asie |authorlink=Vital Cuinet| author=Vital Cuinet |year=1894 |location=Paris |language=French |publisher=Leroux |chapter=Bassorah |chapterurl= https://archive.org/stream/laturquiedasieg00cuingoog#page/n285/mode/2up
}}- {{Citation |publisher = D. Reimer (E. Vohsen) |publication-place = Berlin |title = Vom Mittelmeer zum Persischen Golf |author = Max Freiherr von Oppenheim |authorlink=Max von Oppenheim |publication-date = 1899 |oclc = 13166400 |language=German |chapterurl=https://archive.org/stream/vommittelmeerzu01oppegoog#page/n379/mode/2up |chapter= (Basra)
}}- {{Citation |publisher = Hoepli |publication-place = Milano |title = Annali dell'Islam |chapterurl = https://archive.org/stream/2annalidellisla03caetuoft#page/292/mode/2up |chapter=14 a.H. (al-Basrah etc.) |author = Leone Caetani |authorlink=Leone Caetani |language=Italian |publication-date = 1905
}}External links{{commons category|Basra}}- {{cite web |title=Mosques Architecture in Basra |publisher=Basra Governate |url=http://www.basra.gov.iq/en/index.php/2012-09-21-17-03-39/2012-09-21-17-06-06/1144-mosques-architecture-in-basra }}
- {{cite web |title=Al Basrah Province Landmarks |url=http://www.basrahcouncils.org/English/Sub.aspx?pageid=172 |publisher=BasrahCouncils.org |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://archive.is/20130414065938/http://www.basrahcouncils.org/English/Sub.aspx?pageid=172 |archivedate=14 April 2013 |df=dmy-all }}
{{Iraq year nav}}{{Districts of Iraq}}{{Coord|30|30|N|47|49|E|display=title|region:IQ_type:city(1050000)}}{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}} 4 : Years in Iraq|History of Basra|Timelines of cities in Iraq|Iraq-related lists |