请输入您要查询的百科知识：

　

词条 Timeline of Beirut
释义

  1. Prior to 20th century

  2. 20th century

     1900s–1960s  1970s–1990s 

  3. 21st century

     2000s  2010s 

  4. See also

  5. References

  6. Bibliography

  7. External links

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2013}}{{Coord|33|53|13|N|35|30|47|E|region:LB_type:city(2000000)|display=title}}

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Beirut, Lebanon.

{{Dynamic list}}{{TOC right}}

Prior to 20th century

{{History of Lebanon}}
  • 140 BC – City destroyed by Diodotus Tryphon.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
  • 64 BC – Beirut conquered by Agrippa.
  • 14 BC – During the reign of Herod the Great, Berytus became a colonia.
  • 551 CE – Earthquake.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
  • 635 – Beirut passes into Arab control.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
  • 759 – Prince Arslan bin al-Mundhir founds the Principality of Sin-el-Fil in Beirut.
  • 1111 – Baldwin overtakes city.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
  • 1187 – Saladin overtakes city.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
  • 1763 – Ottomans reclaim the city.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
  • 1832 – Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt in power.{{sfn|Haydn|1910}}
  • 1840 – October: Battle of Beirut.{{sfn|Haydn|1910}}
  • 1853 – Grand Serail built.
  • 1858 – Government Hadiqat al-Akhbar newspaper begins publication.
  • 1860
    • Druze–Maronite conflict.
    • Sursock House built.
  • 1866 – Syrian Protestant College established.
  • 1868 – Archaeological Museum of the American University of Beirut established.
  • 1875
    • Saint Joseph University founded.
    • Thamarāt al-funūn newspaper begins publication.[1]
  • 1877 – Lisan al-Hal newspaper begins publication.[1]
  • 1883 – Hôtel-Dieu de France founded.
  • 1888 – Beirut was made capital of a vilayet (governorate) in Syria,[37] including the sanjaks (prefectures) Latakia, Tripoli, Beirut, Acre and Bekaa.
  • 1894 – Saint George Maronite Cathedral and Harbor constructed.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
  • 1895 – Railway completed "across the Lebanon to Damascus."{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
  • 1898 – Population: 120,000 (approximate).[1]

20th century

1900s–1960s

  • 1902 – al-Iqbāl newspaper begins publication.[1]
  • 1907
    • Railway to Aleppo completed.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
    • René Moawad Garden established.
    • Baidaphon (record label) in business (approximate date).{{sfn|Racy|1986}}
  • 1916 – Place des Canons renamed Martyrs' Square.
  • 1920 – Beirut Stock Exchange founded.
  • 1920 – 1 September: Lebanon Republic (Greater Lebanon) proclaimed a state.
  • 1921 – Beirut Traders Association founded.[2]
  • 1924 – Al Joumhouria newspaper begins publication.
  • 1925
    • National Conservatory of Music established.{{sfn|Racy|1986}}
    • Maghen Abraham Synagogue built.
  • 1927 – American Junior College for Women opens in Ras Beirut.
  • 1933
    • Parliament of Lebanon building erected.
    • An-Nahar newspaper begins publication.[3]
    • L'Orient newspaper begins publication.
  • 1934 – Population: 162,000 (approximate).[4]
  • 1936 – Kamel Abbas Hamieh takes office as Governor of Beirut.
  • 1937
    • Académie libanaise des beaux-arts founded.
    • Ararad newspaper begins publication.
    • Zartonk newspaper begins publication.
  • 1938 – Al Akhbar newspaper begins publication.
  • 1941 – Eastern Times newspaper begins publication.[3]
  • 1942 – National Museum of Beirut opens.
  • 1943 – Beirut becomes capital city of independent Lebanon.
  • 1946
    • Nicolas Rizk takes office as Governor of Beirut.
    • Al-Hayat newspaper begins publication.[https://books.google.com/books?id=8vBnBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA311]
  • 1950 – Population: 181,271.[5]
  • 1951 – Lebanese University and Lycée Franco-Libanais Verdun founded.
  • 1952
    • George Assi takes office as Governor of Beirut.
    • The Daily Star newspaper begins publication.
  • 1954 – Beirut Rafic Hariri International Airport opens.
  • 1956 – Bachour Haddad takes office as Governor of Beirut.
  • 1957 – Camille Chamoun Sports City Stadium opens.
  • 1958 – Population: 400,000 (estimate).[6]
  • 1959
    • Télé Liban (television) begins broadcasting.[7]
    • Philip Boulos takes office as Governor of Beirut.
    • Al Anwar newspaper begins publication.
  • 1960
    • Beirut Arab University established.
    • Emile Yanni takes office as Governor of Beirut.
  • 1961
    • Orient-Institut Beirut established.
    • Sursock Museum and Phoenicia Beirut Hotel open.
  • 1963 – Gallery One (cultural space) opens.{{sfn|Rogers|2008}}
  • 1964 – Saint Nicolas Garden opens.
  • 1966 – Al Ahed football team established, headquartered in Beirut.
  • 1967 – Chafik Abou Haydar takes office as Governor of Beirut.
  • 1968 – "Israel raids Beirut airport."[8]

1970s–1990s

  • 1970
    • L'Orient Le Jour newspaper begins publication.
    • Population: 474,870 city; 938,940 urban agglomeration.[9]
  • 1972 – Manoukian Center established.{{sfn|Rogers|2008}}
  • 1973 – Holiday Inn in business.[10]
  • 1974 – As-Safir newspaper begins publication.
  • 1975
    • April: Lebanese Civil War begins.[8]
    • Green Line established between mainly Muslim factions in West Beirut and the Christian Lebanese Front in East Beirut.
    • Centre for Arab Unity Studies founded.[16]
  • 1976 – al-Murābiṭ newspaper begins publication.[3]
  • 1977 – Mitri El Nammar takes office as Governor of Beirut.
  • 1978 – Syrian siege of Achrafiyeh, the main Christian district of Beirut.
  • 1982
    • Israeli invasion.
    • 14 September: Bachir Gemayel assassinated.
  • 1983 – French and US barracks bombed.
  • 1986 – Centre de Documentation et de Recherches Arabes Chretiennes founded.{{sfn|Scalenghe|2003}}
  • 1987 – George Smaha takes office as Governor of Beirut.
  • 1988 – Ad-Diyar newspaper begins publication.
  • 1989 – Lebanese Center for Policy Studies headquartered in city.[11]
  • 1990 – Solidere (redevelopment company) and Center for Strategic Studies Research and Documentation[11] founded.
  • 1991 – Al Manar TV begins broadcasting.
  • 1992 – Nayef Al Maaloof takes office as Governor of Beirut
  • 1993
    • B 018 nightclub opens.
    • Future Television begins broadcasting.
  • 1994 – Souk el-Tayeb farmer's market opens.[20]
  • 1995 – Nicolas Saba takes office as Governor of Beirut
  • 1997
    • Arab Image Foundation established.[12]
    • Camille Chamoun Sports City Stadium rebuilt.
  • 1999
    • Yaacoub Sarraf takes office as Governor of Beirut.
    • Planet Discovery children's museum inaugurated.
    • Lebanese National Symphony Orchestra and Al-Kafaàt University founded.
  • 2000 – Museum of Lebanese Prehistory established.

21st century

2000s

  • 2001 – Beirut International Exhibition & Leisure Center opens.
  • 2003
    • Beirut Marathon begins.
    • Music Hall opens.
    • Al-Balad newspaper begins publication.
  • 2004
    • Helem (LGBT group) active.{{sfn|Deeb|2007}}
    • Al-Saha Village restaurant in business.[13]{{sfn|Deeb|2013}}
  • 2005
    • Cedar Revolution
    • Nassif Kaloosh takes office as Governor of Beirut
    • Ya Libnan news website launched.
  • 2006
    • Political protests
    • Robert Mouawad Private Museum opens.
    • Sister city relationship established with Los Angeles, USA.[14]
  • 2007 – Mohammad Al-Amin Mosque built.
  • 2008 – Platinum Tower built.
  • 2009
    • 2009 Jeux de la Francophonie held in Beirut.
    • Beirut Art Center opens.[12]
    • Beirut Souks and Le Gray hotel in business.[15]
    • City named World Book Capital by UNESCO.

2010s

  • 2010
    • Bilal Hamad becomes mayor.
    • Four Seasons Hotel Beirut opens.[16]
  • 2011
    • Political protests
    • Zaitunay Bay pedestrian area opens.[17]
  • 2012
    • Violent unrest related to Syrian uprising.
    • Al-Mayadeen television begins broadcasting.[18]
    • 19 October: Bombing in Achrafieh.
  • 2013
    • 9 July: Bombing in Bir el-Abed.
    • 15 August: Bombing.
    • 19 November: Iranian embassy bombings.
    • 27 December: Bombing.
  • 2015
    • 21 July: Protests.
    • 12 November: Bombing.

See also

  • Beirut history
  • List of governors of Beirut
  • Timeline of Lebanese history

References

1. ^Palestine and Syria, Karl Baedeker, Leipzig, 1898
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.beiruttraders.org|title=Beirut Traders Association |accessdate=14 June 2012}}
3. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web|url=http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=su%3ABeirut+%28Lebanon%29+Newspapers.&qt=hot_subject|title=WorldCat|author=OCLC|accessdate=11 June 2012}}
4. ^Mittelmeer, Karl Baedeker, Leipzig, 1934
5. ^ The Columbia Encyclopedia, CUP, New York, 1950
6. ^{{cite book |url= https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1960_round.htm |title=Demographic Yearbook 1965 |year=1966 |publisher=Statistical Office of the United Nations |location=New York |chapter=Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants |pages=140–161 }}
7. ^{{cite book|title=Europa World Year Book 2004 |publisher=Europa Publications|isbn=978-1-85743-255-8}}
8. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-14649284|title=Chronology of Key Events|publisher=BBC News|work=Lebanon Profile|accessdate=11 June 2012}}
9. ^{{cite book |url= https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1980_round.htm |title=1985 Demographic Yearbook |year=1987 |author=United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office |location=New York |chapter=Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants |pages=247–289 }}
10. ^{{citation |work=The Guardian |location=UK |year=2015 |url= https://www.theguardian.com/cities/series/history-cities-50-buildings |title= A history of cities in 50 buildings }}
11. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://thinktanks.fpri.org/ |title=Think Tank Directory |location=Philadelphia |publisher=Foreign Policy Research Institute |accessdate=19 November 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110100006/http://thinktanks.fpri.org/ |archivedate=10 November 2013 |df=dmy-all }}
12. ^1 {{cite web |url= http://www.newmuseum.org/spaces/listing/country:Lebanon |title=Lebanon |work=Art Spaces Directory |location=New York |publisher=New Museum |accessdate=19 November 2013}}
13. ^{{cite journal |title=Beyond the Spectacle: Al-Saha Village, Beirut |author=Mona Khechen |journal= Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review |volume= 19 |year= 2007 |publisher= International Association for the Study of Traditional Environments |url=http://iaste.berkeley.edu/category/tdsr |via=University of California, Berkeley }} {{free access}}
14. ^{{cite web | url=http://sistercities.lacity.org/ | title=Sister Cities of Los Angeles | publisher=City of Los Angeles |location=USA | accessdate= 30 December 2015 }}
15. ^1 {{cite news|title=The Scene- Beirut|author=M. Egan |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B03E2DD163DF93BA15750C0A9669D8B63|newspaper=New York Times|date=28 March 2010}}
16. ^{{cite news |title=36 Hours in Beirut|author=S. Sherwood |url=http://travel.nytimes.com/2010/05/02/travel/02hours.html|newspaper=New York Times|date=29 April 2010}}
17. ^{{cite news|title=In Beirut, the Zaitunay Bay Promenade Opens|author=R. Doyle |url=http://travel.nytimes.com/2012/02/19/travel/in-beirut-the-zaitunay-bay-promenade-opens.html|newspaper=New York Times|date= 17 February 2012}}
18. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/new-pan-arab-satellite-channel-goes-on-air-to-challenge-al-jazeera-gulf-stations/2012/06/11/gJQAdfXUUV_story.html|title=New pan-Arab satellite channel hopes to counter Al-Jazeera’s Arab Spring coverage|agency=Associated Press|date=11 June 2012|work=Washington Post }}
This article incorporates information from the French Wikipedia.

Bibliography

{{Refbegin}}
Published in 19th century
  • {{cite book |title=Commercial Statistics |author=John Macgregor |publisher=C. Knight and Co. |location=London |year= 1844 |chapterurl= https://books.google.com/books?id=wnVPAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA149 |chapter=Syria and Palestine: Beyrout

}}
  • {{Citation |publisher = T. Cook & Son |publication-place = London |title = Cook's Tourists' Handbook for Palestine and Syria |publication-date = 1876 |chapterurl= https://archive.org/stream/cookstouristsha13ltdgoog#page/n387/mode/2up |chapter=Beyrout

}}
  • {{cite book

|title=Itinéraire descriptif, historique et archéologique de l'Orient
|author= Èmile Isambert
|year =1881
|language =French
|series = Guides Joanne
|volume=3: Syrie, Palestine
|chapter= Beyrout
|chapterurl= http://hdl.handle.net/2027/nyp.33433002689614?urlappend=%3Bseq=662
}}
  • {{Citation |title = Handbook to the Mediterranean |publication-date = 1892 |edition =3rd |publisher = John Murray |publication-place = London |author=R. Lambert Playfair |author-link = Lambert Playfair |chapterurl= https://archive.org/stream/handbooktomedit02firgoog#page/n147/mode/2up |chapter=Beyrout

}}
  • {{Citation |publisher = K. Baedeker |publication-place = Leipsig |title = Handbook for Travellers in Syria and Palestine |chapterurl = https://books.google.com/books?id=8QdZAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA319 |edition =3rd |publication-date = 1898 |chapter=Beirut

}}
Published in 20th century
  • {{Citation

| title = Encyclopædia Britannica
| publication-place = New York
| publication-date = 1910
| edition=11th
| oclc = 14782424
| via= Internet Archive
|chapter=Beirut|chapterurl = https://archive.org/stream/encyclopaediabrit03chisrich#page/658/mode/2up
| ref = {{harvid|Britannica|1910}}
}}
  • {{Cite book |publisher = Ward, Lock & Co. |publication-place = London |title = Haydn's Dictionary of Dates |author = Benjamin Vincent |edition = 25th |publication-date = 1910 |chapter=Beyrout |chapterurl = https://archive.org/stream/haydnsdictionary00hayd#page/166/mode/1up

|ref= {{harvid|Haydn|1910}}
}}
  • {{cite journal |title=Words and Music in Beirut: A Study of Attitudes |author= Ali Jihad Racy |journal= Ethnomusicology |volume= 30 |year= 1986 |jstor=851587

|ref= {{harvid|Racy|1986}}
}}
  • {{cite journal |title=The Image of the City: Wounded Beirut |author= Mona Takieddin Amyuni |journal= Alif: Journal of Comparative Poetics |number= 7 |year= 1987 |jstor= 521854

}} — literary criticism

  • {{cite journal |title=Economic Recovery and Reconstruction in Postwar Beirut |author= Dona J. Stewart |journal= Geographical Review |volume= 86 |year= 1996 |jstor=215929

}}
  • {{cite journal |title=Laying Claim to Beirut: Urban Narrative and Spatial Identity in the Age of Solidere |author= Saree Makdisi |work= Critical Inquiry |volume= 23 |year= 1997 |jstor=1344040

}}
  • Projecting Beirut. 1998.
Published in 21st century
  • {{cite journal |title=Conducting Research in Lebanon: An Overview of Historical Sources in Beirut |author=Sara Scalenghe and Nadya Sbaiti |journal= Middle East Studies Association Bulletin |volume= 37 |year= 2003 |jstor=23063088

|ref= {{harvid|Scalenghe|2003}}
}}
  • {{cite book |title=Historic Cities of the Islamic World |editor=C. Edmund Bosworth |year=2007 |publisher=Koninklijke Brill |location=Leiden |page=53+ |chapter=Beirut |isbn=9004153888

}}
  • {{cite journal |title=Sanctioned Pleasures: Youth, Piety and Leisure in Beirut |author= Lara Deeb and Mona Harb |journal= Middle East Report |number= 245 |year= 2007 |jstor=25164816

|ref= {{harvid|Deeb|2007}}
}}
  • {{Citation |publisher = ABC-CLIO |publication-place = Santa Barbara, USA |editor1 = Michael R.T. Dumper |editor2=Bruce E. Stanley |chapter= Beirut |page=82+ |title = Cities of the Middle East and North Africa |publication-date = 2008 |isbn =9781576079201

}}
  • {{cite book |title= City in the Islamic World |year= 2008 |publisher=Koninklijke Brill |isbn=9004171681 |location=Leiden |author1= Joe Nasr |author2=Eric Verdeil |chapterurl=https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00261149 |chapter=Reconstructions of Beirut |page=1115+ |via=HAL, Centre pour la communication scientifique directe, France

}}
  • {{cite journal |title=Producing the Local: The Visual Arts in Beirut |author= Sarah Rogers |journal= Middle East Studies Association Bulletin |volume= 42 |year= 2008 |jstor=23063538

|ref= {{harvid|Rogers|2008}}
}}
  • {{cite book|editor=Gerhard Böwering |title= Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought|year=2013|publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=0-691-13484-7 |chapter=Beirut |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q1I0pcrFFSUC |page=67

}}
  • {{cite book|author1=Lara Deeb|author2=Mona Harb|title=Leisurely Islam: Negotiating Geography and Morality in Shi'ite South Beirut |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mf4wAAAAQBAJ|year= 2013|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-1-4008-4856-0

|ref= {{harvid|Deeb|2013}}
}}{{refend}}

External links

{{commons category|History of Beirut}}
  • [https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/search/index/q/%2A/sort/producedDate_tdate+desc/keyword_t/Beirut/language_s/en/submitType_s/file/docType_s/COUV+OR+ART/ Fulltext articles related to Beirut] (via HAL, Centre pour la communication scientifique directe, France)
  • {{cite web |url= http://archnet.org/library/places/one-place.jsp?place_id=1529 |title= Beirut |author= ArchNet |deadurl= yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20121023195411/http://archnet.org/library/places/one-place.jsp?place_id=1529 |archivedate= 23 October 2012 |df= dmy-all }}
{{Greater Beirut}}{{Lebanon year nav}}

5 : Years in Lebanon|History of Beirut|Timelines of cities in Asia|Lebanon-related lists|Timelines of capitals
随便看

　

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。

　

Copyright © 2023 OENC.NET All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间：2024/9/25 16:40:51