| 释义 |
- Prior to 10th century
- 10th century
- 12th-17th centuries
- 19th century
- 20th century
- 21st century
- See also
- References
- Bibliography
- External links
{{TOC right}}The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China. {{Dynamic list}}Prior to 10th century- 328 CE - Lingyin monastery founded near Hangzhou.[1]
- 606 - City walls built.{{sfn|Fitch|1922}}
- 609 - Grand Canal built.
- 630 - Mosque built (approximate date).{{sfn|Fitch|1922}}
- 822 - Poet Bai Juyi becomes governor.{{sfn|Cable|1996}}
10th century- 904 - City becomes capital of the Wuyue Kingdom.
- 954 - Huiri Yongming Temple built at West Lake.
- 963 - Baochu Pagoda built at West Lake.
- 970 - Liuhe Pagoda built.
- 975 - Leifeng Pagoda built.
12th-17th centuries- 1127 - Song Dynasty capital relocated to Hongzhou from Kaifeng after the Jingkang Incident of the Jin–Song wars.{{sfn|Cable|1996}}
- 1221 - Yue Fei Temple built.
- 1275 - Population: 1.75 million.{{sfn|Cable|1996}}
- 1277 - Hangzhou Salt Distribution Commission established.{{sfn|Weitz|1997}}
- 1276 - Mongols in power.{{sfn|Weitz|1997}}
- 1621 - Huanduzhai publishing house in business.{{sfn|Widmer|1996}}
- 1661 - Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception built.
19th century- 1861 - Taiping rebels take city.{{sfn|Cable|1996}}
- 1863 - Imperial forces take city.{{sfn|Cable|1996}}
- 1867 - Hangchow Presbyterian Boys' School in operation.
- 1870 - Hu Ch'ing Yu T'ang medicine shop in business (approximate date).{{sfn|Fitch|1922}}
- 1871 - Kwang-Chi Hospital established.{{sfn|Cloud|1906}}
- 1885 - Kwang Chi Medical School established.
- 1896 - City opens to foreign trade per Treaty of Shimonoseki.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
- 1897 - Qiushi Academy founded.
- 1899 - Hangzhou High School established.
20th century- 1904 - Xiling Society of the Seal Art founded.{{citation needed|date=March 2013}}
- 1907 - Qing Tai Men Station opens.
- 1908
- Zhejiang Official Secondary Normal School in operation.
- Presbyterian Mission Girls School opens.[2]
- 1911
- October 27: Uprising.{{sfn|Wen-hsin Yeh|1994}}
- Zhejiang Medical School founded.{{citation needed|date=March 2013}}
- Population: 141,859.{{sfn|Gao|2004}}
- 1922 - Sisters of Charity Hospital founded.{{citation needed|date=March 2013}}
- 1928
- Kuomintang in power.
- Population: 817,267.{{sfn|Gao|2004}}
- 1929
- Zhejiang Provincial Museum established.
- 1929 Westlake exposition held.
- 1937 - Japanese occupation begins.
- 1949 - May: Communists take city.{{sfn|Gao|2004}}
- 1955 - Hangzhou Ri Bao (Hangzhou Daily) newspaper begins publication.[3]
- 1956 - Hangzhou Xuejun High School and Hangzhou Botanical Garden[4] established.
- 1957
- Hangzhou Jianqiao Airport begins operating civilian flights.
- Population: 784,000.[5]
- 1958 - Hangzhou Zoo opens.
- 1962 - Wang Zida becomes mayor.[6]
- 1966 - Hangzhou Gymnasium (arena) opens.
- 1972 - February: Richard Nixon visits city.{{sfn|Barmé|2011}}
- 1977 - Zhang Zishi becomes mayor.{{sfn|Forster|1999}}
- 1978 - Hangzhou Teachers College founded.
- 1979 - Chen Anyu becomes mayor.{{sfn|Forster|1999}}
- 1981 - Zhou Feng becomes mayor.{{sfn|Forster|1999}}
- 1984 - Zhong Boxi becomes mayor.[6]
- 1988 - Zhang Taiyan Museum opens.{{sfn|Barmé|2011}}
- 1989
- Protests.{{sfn|Forster|1990}}
- Hangzhou Wahaha Nutritional Foods Factory in business.[7]
- Lu Wenge becomes mayor.[6]
- 1990 - Population: 2,589,504.[8]
- 1991 - Hangzhou Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone approved.
- 1992
- Wang Yongming becomes mayor.{{sfn|Forster|1999}}
- Yue Fei Tomb shopping mall built.{{sfn|Barmé|2011}}
- 1993 - Hangzhou Economic & Technological Development Zone approved.
- 1998
- Zhejiang University established.
- Hangzhou Xiaoshan Sports Centre (stadium) built.
- Hangzhou Greentown Football Club formed.
- 1999 - Hangzhou Railway Station rebuilt.
- 2000
- Hangzhou Xiaoshan Airport begins operating.
- Hangzhou Export Processing Zone approved.
- Dragon Well Manor in business.[9]
- Population: 3,240,947.[10]
21st century{{History of China|BC=1}}- 2002
- Xihuwenhua Square built.
- Wang Guoping becomes CPC Party chief.{{citation needed|date=March 2013}}
- Leifeng Pagoda reconstructed.
- 2003 - Yellow Dragon Sports Center and Hangzhou No.2 Telecom Hub constructed.
- 2005 - Sun Zhonghuan becomes mayor.
- 2007
- Hangzhou Sanchao Football Club formed.
- Cai Qi becomes mayor.
- 2008
- Hangzhou Public Bicycle program launched.
- City logo design adopted.[11]
- 2010
- Shanghai–Hangzhou Passenger Railway begins operating.
- Huang Kunming becomes CPC Party chief.[12]
- 2011 - Shao Zhanwei becomes mayor.[13]
- 2012 - November: Hangzhou Metro begins operating.
- 2013 - Air pollution in Hangzhou reaches annual mean of 61 PM2.5 and 106 PM10, much higher than recommended.[14]
See also- Hangzhou history
- List of universities and colleges in Hangzhou
- Major National Historical and Cultural Sites (Zhejiang)
- List of first batch of declared historic buildings in Hangzhou
- List of second batch of declared historic buildings in Hangzhou
- List of third batch of declared historic buildings in Hangzhou
- List of fourth batch of declared historic buildings in Hangzhou
- List of fifth batch of declared historic buildings in Hangzhou
- Urbanization in China
References1. ^{{Citation |publisher = Columbia University Press |publication-place = New York |author = Michael J. Walsh |title = Sacred economies: Buddhist business and religiosity in Medieval China |publication-date = 2009 }}
2. ^{{cite web |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JCNXAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA506 |title=Union Girls School at Hangchow |author= Mary S. Mathews |year=1913 |work=Missionary Survey |publisher= Presbyterian Church in the United States }}
3. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=su%3AHangzhou+%28China%29+Newspapers.&qt=hot_subject |title= Hangzhou (China) Newspapers |location=USA |work=WorldCat |publisher=Online Computer Library Center |accessdate=March 15, 2013}}
4. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.bgci.org/garden_search.php?action=Find&ftrCountry=CN |title=Garden Search: China |publisher= Botanic Gardens Conservation International |location=London |accessdate= 30 December 2015 }}
5. ^{{cite book |url= https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1970_round.htm |title=Demographic Yearbook 1975 |year=1976 |author=United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office |location=New York |chapter=Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants |pages=253-279 |quote= Hangchow }}
6. ^1 2 {{cite book |title=Directory of Officials and Organizations in China |publisher=M. E. Sharpe |author=Malcolm Lamb |year=2003 |location=New York }}
7. ^{{cite web |url=http://rendezvous.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/10/01/from-popsicle-maker-to-beverage-billionaire-chinas-richest-man |title=From Popsicle Maker to Beverage Billionaire, China’s Richest Man |date=October 1, 2012 |work= New York Times }}
8. ^{{cite book |url= https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1990_round.htm |title=1995 Demographic Yearbook |year=1997 |author=United Nations Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis, Statistics Division |location=New York |chapter=Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants |pages=262-321 }}
9. ^{{cite journal |title=China Journal: Garden of Contentment |author=Fuchsia Dunlop |authorlink=Fuchsia Dunlop |date=24 November 2008 |journal =The New Yorker |url= http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2008/11/24/081124fa_fact_dunlop }}
10. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.citypopulation.de/China-UA.html |title=China |work=www.citypopulation.de |publisher=Thomas Brinkhoff |location=Oldenburg, Germany |accessdate=March 15, 2013}}
11. ^{{cite web |url=http://english.cri.cn/2946/2008/03/29/1821@339353.htm |title=Hangzhou Unveils Municipal Logo |author= |date=March 29, 2008 |work=China Radio International |publisher=People's Republic of China }}
12. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.hangzhou.gov.cn/main/zpd/English/po/party/hkm/ |title=Party Leaders |publisher=CPC Hangzhou Committee and Hangzhou Municipal Government |accessdate=March 15, 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://archive.is/20130410042138/http://www.hangzhou.gov.cn/main/zpd/English/po/party/hkm/ |archivedate=April 10, 2013 |df= }}
13. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/1182850/hangzhou-mayor-shao-zhanwei-dies-during-npc-session |title=Hangzhou mayor Shao Zhanwei dies during NPC session |date=March 6, 2013 |work=South China Morning Post |publisher=SCMP Group}}
14. ^{{citation |author=World Health Organization |location=Geneva |title=Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database |year=2016 |url=http://www.who.int/phe/health_topics/outdoorair/databases/cities/en/ }}
This article incorporates information from the Ukrainian Wikipedia.Bibliography{{Refbegin}}- Published in the 19th century
- {{Citation |publisher = S. Converse |publication-place = New Haven |author1 = Jedidiah Morse |authorlink1=Jedidiah Morse |author2=Richard C. Morse |title = A New Universal Gazetteer |publication-date = 1823 |edition= 4th |chapterurl= https://archive.org/stream/newuniversalgaze00morsrich#page/313/mode/1up |chapter=Hangtcheofou }}
- Published in the 20th century
- {{Citation |publisher = J.B. Lippincott |publication-place = Philadelphia |title = Lippincott's Gazetteer of the World |publication-date = 1902 |chapter=Hang-Chow-Foo |chapterurl= https://books.google.com/books?id=d_45AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA959
}}- {{citation |author1=Marco Polo |author2=Henry Yule |authorlink2=Henry Yule | year=1903 | title=The Book of Ser Marco Polo | edition=3rd | publisher=John Murray | place=London | chapterurl= https://archive.org/stream/bookofsermarcopo002polo#page/184/mode/2up |chapter=Description of the Great City of Kinsay
}}- {{Citation |publisher = Presbyterian Mission Press |publication-place = Shanghai |author = Frederick D. Cloud |url = http://openlibrary.org/books/OL7189168M/Hangchow |title = Hangchow: the 'City of Heaven' |publication-date = 1906
| ref = {{harvid|Cloud|1906}}
}}
|publisher = G. Allen |publication-place = London |author = T. Hodgson Liddell |title = China |publication-date = 1909 |chapterurl= https://archive.org/stream/chinaitsmarvelmy00lidduoft#page/n135/mode/2up |chapter= Hangchow
}}
| title = Encyclopædia Britannica
| publication-place = New York
| publication-date = 1910
| edition=11th
| oclc = 14782424
| via=Internet Archive
|chapterurl = https://archive.org/stream/encyclopaediabrit12chisrich#page/916/mode/2up |chapter = Hang-Chow-Fu
| ref = {{harvid|Britannica|1910}}
}}- {{Citation |publisher = Kelly & Walsh |publication-place = Shanghai |title = Hangchow Itineraries |url = http://openlibrary.org/books/OL17986115M/Hangchow_itineraries |author = Robert Ferris Fitch |publication-date = 1922 |oclc = 899305
| ref = {{harvid|Fitch|1922}}
}}
|title= 1989 Democracy Movement in the Provinces: Impressions of the Popular Protest in Hangzhou, April/June 1989 |author= Keith Forster |journal= Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs |year= 1990 |quote= The student-worker protests that culminated in the Beijing massacre were not confined to the capital city. Protests had erupted, in ways that varied noticeably, across the breadth of China.
| ref = {{harvid|Forster|1990}}
}}
|title= Middle County Radicalism: The May Fourth Movement in Hangzhou |author= Wen-hsin Yeh |journal= The China Quarterly |year= 1994
| ref = {{harvid|Wen-hsin Yeh|1994}}
}}- {{Citation |publisher = Routledge |isbn = 9781884964046 |title = International Dictionary of Historic Places: Asia and Oceania |publication-date = 1996 |editor=Schellinger and Salkin |author=Monica Cable |chapter= Hangzhou
| ref = {{harvid|Cable|1996}}
}}
|title=The Huanduzhai of Hangzhou and Suzhou: A Study in Seventeenth-Century Publishing |author= Ellen Widmer |journal= Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies |volume= 56 |year= 1996
| ref = {{harvid|Widmer|1996}}
}}- {{cite journal |title= Notes on the Early Yuan Antique Art Market in Hangzhou |author= Ankeney Weitz |journal= Ars Orientalis |volume= 27 |year=1997
| ref = {{harvid|Weitz|1997}}
}}- {{cite book |title=Cities in Post-Mao China: Recipes for Economic Development in the Reform Era |editor=Jae Ho Chung |publisher=Routledge |year= 1999 |chapter=A comparative analysis of economic reform and development in Hangzhou and Wenzhou cities |author1=Keith Forster |author2=Yao Xianguo
| ref = {{harvid|Forster|1999}}
}}- Published in the 21st century
|publisher = University of Hawaii Press |isbn = 9780824827014 |title = The Communist Takeover of Hangzhou: the Transformation of City and Cadre, 1949-1954 |author = James Zheng Gao |publication-date = 2004
| ref = {{harvid|Gao|2004}}
}}- {{cite journal |title= A Chronology of West Lake and Hangzhou |journal=China Heritage Quarterly |author=Geremie R. Barmé |year=2011 |publisher= Australian National University |url= http://www.chinaheritagequarterly.org/features.php?searchterm=028_chrono.inc&issue=028
| ref = {{harvid|Barmé|2011}}
}}{{refend}}External links{{commons category|Hangzhou}}- [https://web.archive.org/web/20150326043756/http://www.hicenter.cn/ The Authoritative Website of Hangzhou History and Culture | WWW.HICENTER.CN]
{{Zhejiang}}{{China year nav}} 4 : Years in China|History of Hangzhou|Timelines of cities in China|Histories of cities in China |