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词条 Timeline of Hanoi
释义

  1. Prehistory

  2. Van Lang

  3. Au Lac

  4. Qin Empire

  5. Nanyue

  6. Han Empire

  7. Song Empire

  8. Van Xuan

  9. Tang Empire

  10. Dai Viet

  11. Medieval period

  12. French occupation (19th-20th c.)

  13. Japanese occupation

  14. French reoccupation

  15. Democratic Republic of Vietnam

  16. 21st century

  17. See also

  18. References

  19. Bibliography

  20. External links

The following is a timeline of the history of Hanoi, the capital city of Vietnam:

{{Dynamic list}}{{TOC right}}

Prehistory

{{History of Vietnam}}
  • {{circa|1000}} {{sc|bce}} — The Bronze-Age Dong Son culture of the Lac people occupies the Red River valley

Van Lang

  • {{circa|lk=no|300}} {{sc|bce}} — According to much later sources, the area of present-day Hanoi formed part of the Giao Chỉ region of Van Lang
  • {{circa|lk=no|258}} {{sc|bce}} — The Âu Việt, united under the Shu emigrant Shu Pan ({{lang|vi|Thục Phán}}), invade and conquer Van Lang

Au Lac

  • {{circa|lk=no|257}} {{sc|bce}} — Co Loa established by Shu Pan in the present city's Dong Anh district to serve as the capital of the unified kingdom of Au Lac

Qin Empire

  • 214 {{sc|bce}} — The First Emperor begins his campaign against the Baiyue ({{lang|vi|Bách Việt}}) people of the south
  • 208 {{sc|bce}} — General Zhao Tuo ({{lang|vi|Triệu Đà}}) defeats Shu Pan and takes Co Loa, incorporating it into his Nanhai Commandery

Nanyue

  • 204 {{sc|bce}} — Zhao Tuo declares his realm the independent kingdom of Nanyue ({{lang|vi|Nam Việt}})
  • 196 {{sc|bce}} — Lu Jia secures the nominal submission of Nanyue to Han
  • 179 {{sc|bce}} — By this point, Nanyue's lands in the Red River valley have been organized as the commandery of Jiaozhi ({{lang|vi|Giao Chỉ}})

Han Empire

  • 111 {{sc|bce}} — The commander of Jiaozhi submits to Han following Lu Bode's razing of the capital Panyu, remaining in his post and beginning the "First Northern Domination" of Vietnam.
  • 208 {{sc|ce}} — Longbian ({{lang|vi|Long Biên}}) erected in its eponymous district
  • 226 — A Roman embassy arrives

Song Empire

  • 454 {{abbr|x|Between}} 464 — Songping (Tong Binh) established by the Liu Song{{sfnp|Loewe|2004|p=60}} on the south bank of the Red River in Hanoi's Tu Liem and Hoai Duc districts

Van Xuan

  • 544 — Long Biên serves as the capital of Ly Bi's realm of Van Xuan

Tang Empire

  • 621 — Longbian and Songping briefly elevated to prefectural status as Longzhou and Songzhou{{sfnp|Schafer|1967|p=32}}
  • 722 — Songping falls to Mai Thúc Loan{{sfnp|Anh|2000|p=26}}
  • late 8th century — Zhang Boyi erects Luocheng ({{lang|vi|La Thành}}, "Enclosing Wall[ed City]") in the present city's Ba Dinh district
  • early 9th century — Luocheng renamed Jincheng ({{lang|vi|Kim Thành}}, "Golden Wall[ed City]")
  • 866 — Gao Pian, the local jiedushi, expands the fortress at Jincheng and renames it Da Luocheng ({{lang|vi|Đại La Thành}}, "Big Enclosing Wall[ed City]")

Dai Viet

  • 1010 — Luocheng renamed Thang Long with the erection of its Imperial Citadel[1] and dedication as the capital of the Lý Dynasty.{{sfn|Logan|2005}}
  • Quán Thánh Temple built.
  • 1049 — One Pillar Pagoda built.
  • 1070 — Temple of Literature built.
  • 1076 — Imperial Academy established.

Medieval period

  • 1225 — City becomes capital of the Trần Dynasty.
  • 15th century — Temple of the Jade Mountain and Quán Sứ Temple built.
  • 1408 — City renamed Dōngguān ({{zh|c={{linktext|東|關}}}}, "Eastern Gateway"; Đông Quan in Vietnamese) by the Chinese Ming Dynasty.
  • 1573 — "Foggy Lake" renamed West Lake.
  • 1615 — Trấn Quốc Pagoda relocated to West Lake.
  • 1656 — Láng Temple renovated.
  • 1686 — Perfume Pagoda expanded.
  • 1730s — Trúc Lâm Palace built at Trúc Bạch Lake.
  • 1802 — Vietnamese capital relocated to Huế.{{sfn|Logan|2005}}
  • 1812 — Flag Tower built.
  • 1831 — City renamed Hà Nội ({{linktext|河|内}}, "Between Rivers" or "River Interior") by Nguyễn emperor Minh Mạng.

French occupation (19th-20th c.)

  • 1873 — November 20: Francis Garnier of France takes citadel.[2]
  • 1874 — French concession granted per treaty.{{sfn|d'Orléans|1894}}
  • 1882 — French occupation begins.{{sfn|Directory|1892}}
  • 1883
    • May 19: Battle of Cầu Giấy (Paper Bridge) fought near city.
    • August 15: Battle of Phủ Hoài fought near city.
  • 1884 — L'Avenir du Tonkin French newspaper begins publication.{{sfn|Drummond|2013}}
  • 1886
    • Kinh Thien Palace built.[1]
    • Turtle Tower built in Hoàn Kiếm Lake.{{citation needed|date=March 2013}}
  • 1887 — Banque de l'Indochine branch opens.
  • 1888 — St. Joseph's Cathedral built.[3]
  • 1889 — City area expanded with land from Tho Xuong and Vinh Thuan districts.{{sfn|Kurfürst|2012}}
  • 1890
    • Steamboat begins operating on the Red River.{{sfn|Directory|1892}}
    • Racecourse opens.{{sfn|Directory|1892}}
  • 1894 — Lanessan Hospital built for French military.
  • 1898
    • Hỏa Lò Prison built.
    • Geological Museum established.[5]
  • 1900 — École française d'Extrême-Orient headquartered in Hanoi.[4]
  • 1902
    • City becomes capital of French Indochina.
    • Hanoi Railway Station opens.
    • Indochina Medical College founded.
    • Indo China Exposition Française et Internationale (world's fair) held.
    • Population: 150,000.[5]
  • 1903 — Long Biên Bridge constructed.
  • 1906
    • Presidential Palace built.
    • University of Indochina established.
  • 1908 — Collège du Protectorat established.
  • 1910
    • Phùng Khoang Church built.
    • Museum of archaeology and ethnology organized.[5]
  • 1911 — Hanoi Opera House built.
  • 1917
    • Indochinese Central Archives set up.[5]
    • Bach Mai Airfield constructed.
  • 1919 — Lycée Albert Sarraut and Bibliothèque Centrale Hanoi established.[6]
  • 1925 — Ecole des Beaux-arts d'Indochine opens.{{sfn|Taylor|2009}}
  • 1926 — Musee Louis Finot established.[6]
  • 1929 — March: Vietnamese Communist Party organized on Ham Long Street.{{sfn|Logan|2000}}
  • 1930
    • Provisional Vietnamese Communist Party headquartered on Tho Nhuom Street.{{sfn|Logan|2000}}
    • Đồng tử quân youth scouting group formed.{{citation needed|date=March 2013}}
  • 1932 — Cửa Bắc Church built.
  • 1934 — Hàm Long Church built.
  • 1936
    • Gia Lam Airfield constructed.
    • Indochina Communist Party headquartered on Phung Hung Street.{{sfn|Logan|2000}}

Japanese occupation

  • 1941 — December 7: Japanese occupation begins.{{sfn|Logan|2000}}
  • 1942 — Hoan Long District (now Ba Đình District) becomes part of city.{{sfn|Kurfürst|2012}}

French reoccupation

  • 1945
    • Japanese occupation ends.
    • September 2: Ho Chi Minh reads the Proclamation of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in Ba Đình Square.[7]
    • Vietnam National University and National Library of Vietnam established.[6]
    • Voice of Vietnam begins broadcasting.
    • Tran Van Lai becomes mayor.{{citation needed|date=March 2013}}
  • 1946
    • March 2: National Assembly meets in the Great Theatre.
    • December 19: Battle of Hanoi begins.{{sfn|Turley|1975}}
  • 1947 — February 17: Battle of Hanoi ends; French in power.{{sfn|Turley|1975}}
  • 1951 — Hanoi National University of Education established.

Democratic Republic of Vietnam

  • 1954
    • City becomes capital of independent North Vietnam.
    • People's Open Air Theatre active.{{sfn|Logan|2000}}
    • Hanoi Radio begins broadcasting.
  • 1955 — College of Foreign Languages founded.
  • 1956 — Vietnam School of Music, University of Agriculture and Forestry, and Hanoi University of Science and Technology established.
  • 1958
    • National Museum of Vietnamese History established.
    • Thanh Niên Road constructed between Trúc Bạch Lake and West Lake.
  • 1959
    • Vietnam Museum of Revolution,[6] Hanoi University of Foreign Studies, and Electricity Water Resources Academy established.
    • Vietnam Military History Museum inaugurated.[6]
  • 1960
    • Foreign Trade University and Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Hanoi established.
    • Population: 414,620 city; 643,576 urban agglomeration.[8]
  • 1961
    • Cultural College of Hanoi established.[6]
    • School of Public Administration in operation.
  • 1962 — National Archives Center #1 established.[6]
  • 1965 — Residents begin evacuating city on threat of airstrikes by United States forces.{{sfn|Turley|1975}}
  • 1966
    • June 29: Aerial bombing outside city by United States forces.[9]
    • Vietnam National Museum of Fine Arts inaugurated.[6][10]
    • Le Quy Don Technical University established.
  • 1967
    • Aerial bombing by U.S.; air battles between U.S. and North Vietnamese forces.[9][11]
    • D67 underground command bunker installed at Kinh Thien Palace.[1]
  • 1968 — Hànội mói newspaper in publication.[12]
  • 1969 — Hanoi Architectural University and Foreign Language Specialized School established.
  • 1970 — Vietnam Television begins broadcasting.
  • 1972
    • April: Bombing by United States forces.{{sfn|Turley|1975}}
    • December: Aerial bombing by United States forces.[11]
  • 1974 — Central Secondary School of Archives and Office Skills established.[6]
  • 1975 — Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum inaugurated.
  • 1976 — City becomes capital of Socialist Republic of Vietnam.
  • 1978 — Noi Bai International Airport opens.
  • 1979 — Population: 879,500.[28]
  • 1980 — Hanoi Institute of Theatre and Cinema founded.[13]
  • 1984 — Vietnam National Symphony Orchestra revived.
  • 1985
    • Chương Dương Bridge built.
    • Hanoi – Amsterdam High School established.
  • 1988 — Vietnam-Russia Tropical Centre headquartered in Hanoi.{{citation needed|date=March 2013}}
  • 1989 — Population: 1,089,760 city; 3,056,146 urban agglomeration.[14]
  • 1990 — Ho Chi Minh Museum established.{{sfn|Logan|1995}}
  • 1992 — Population: 1,073,760.[15]
  • 1993
    • Vietnam War Memorial erected.
    • Hanoi University of Science in operation.
    • Mai art gallery opens.[16]
  • 1995
    • Institut de la Francophonie pour l'Informatique founded.
    • Vietnamese Women's Museum dedicated.[6]
  • 1997
    • Vietnam Museum of Ethnology opens.[6]
    • November: Organisation internationale de la Francophonie summit held.{{sfn|Logan|2000}}
  • 1998
    • March 24: Turtle sighting in Hoàn Kiếm Lake.[17]
    • Hàng Đẫy Stadium opens.{{citation needed|date=March 2013}}
  • 1999 — Population: 1,523,936.[18]

21st century

  • 2001 — Trang Tien Plaza (shopping center) in business.
  • 2002 — National Archives Center #3 opens.[6]
  • 2003
    • Mỹ Đình National Stadium opens in Từ Liêm District.
    • November: City hosts meeting of Asian Network of Major Cities 21.
  • 2005 — Hanoi Securities Trading Center launched.
  • 2006
    • Vietnam National Convention Center built in Từ Liêm District.
    • FPT University established.
    • November: Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation meeting held.
  • 2008
    • Hanoi Capital Region created to include 29 districts; population expands to 6,232,940.
    • Thanh Trì Bridge and Vĩnh Tuy Bridge constructed.
    • Ba Dinh Hall demolished.
  • 2009 — October–November: 2009 Asian Indoor Games held.
  • 2010
    • July: 2010 Asian Junior Athletics Championships held.
    • October: Millennial Anniversary of Hanoi.
    • Hanoi Museum opens.
  • 2011 — Keangnam Hanoi Landmark Tower built.
  • 2018 - June: {{illm|2018 Vietnam protest|vi|Biểu tình chống Luật đặc khu kinh tế và Luật An ninh mạng|lt=Protest}} against proposed special economic zone legislation.[19]

See also

  • Hanoi history
  • Districts of Hanoi
  • List of Buddhist temples in Hanoi
  • List of historical capitals of Vietnam
  • Media of Vietnam

References

1. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1328 |title=Central Sector of the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long — Hanoi |work=World Heritage List |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |accessdate=March 12, 2013}}
2. ^{{Citation |publisher = Central Asian Society |publication-place = London |author = A. Cotterell Tupp |url = http://openlibrary.org/books/OL22098340M/French_Indo-China |title = French Indo-China |publication-date = 1906 }}
3. ^{{Citation |publisher = University of Chicago Press |isbn = 0226908461 |publication-place = Chicago |title = The Politics of Design in French Colonial Urbanism |chapter=Indochina |author = Gwendolyn Wright |publication-date = 1991 |id = 0226908461 }}
4. ^{{Citation |publisher = Editions Didier Millet |publication-place = Singapore |author1 = Catherine Clémentin-Ojha |author2=Pierre-Yves Manguin |title = A century in Asia: the history of the École française d'Extrême-Orient, 1898-2006 |publication-date = 2007 }}
5. ^{{Citation |publisher = J.B. Lippincott |publication-place = Philadelphia |title = Lippincott's Gazetteer of the World |publication-date = 1902 |chapter=Ketcho |chapterurl= https://books.google.com/books?id=d_45AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA1149 }}
6. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 {{Citation |publisher = CRC Press |publication-place = Boca Raton, Florida |editor = Marcia J. Bates |title = Encyclopedia of Library and Information Sciences |publication-date = 2010 |isbn=9780849397127 |chapter=Vietnam: Libraries, Archives and Museums |author=Robert D. Stueart }}
7. ^{{cite book|author= Muriel E. Chamberlain |title=Longman Companion to European Decolonisation in the Twentieth Century |year=2013 |orig-year=1998 |publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-89744-6 |chapter=Chronology of Decolonisation: the French Empire |chapterurl= https://books.google.com/books?id=MQPKAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA176 |pages= }}
8. ^{{cite book |url= https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1960_round.htm |title=Demographic Yearbook 1965 |year=1966 |publisher=Statistical Office of the United Nations |location=New York |chapter=Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants }}
9. ^1 {{cite journal |title=The -Ology War: Technology and Ideology in the Vietnamese Defense of Hanoi, 1967 |author= Merle L. Pribbenow II |journal= Journal of Military History |volume= 67 |year= 2003 |publisher = Society for Military History }}
10. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/?period=11®ion=sse#/Key-Events |title= Southeast Asia, 1900 A.D.–present: Key Events |work= Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History |publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art |location=New York |accessdate=30 December 2015 }}
11. ^1 {{cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/battlefieldvietnam/index.html |title=Battlefield: Vietnam |year= 1997 |location=USA |publisher=U.S Public Broadcasting Service }}
12. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=su%3AHanoi+%28Vietnam%29+Newspapers.&qt=hot_subject |title= Hanoi (Vietnam) Newspapers |location=USA |work=WorldCat |publisher=Online Computer Library Center |accessdate=March 12, 2013}}
13. ^{{Citation |publisher = Routledge |title = World Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre |editor = Don Rubin |publication-date = 1998 |location=London |author=Hoang Su |chapter=Vietnam }}
14. ^{{cite book |url= https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1990_round.htm |title=1995 Demographic Yearbook |year=1997 |author=United Nations Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis, Statistics Division |location=New York |chapter=Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants |pages=262-321 }}
15. ^{{cite web |url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2011.htm |work=Demographic Yearbook 2011 |author= |year=2012 |publisher=United Nations Statistics Division |title=Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants }}
16. ^{{cite web |url=http://travel.nytimes.com/2007/02/18/travel/18hanoi.html |title=Awakening of Hanoi |date=February 18, 2007 |work=New York Times }}
17. ^{{cite news| url=http://www.cnn.com/EARTH/9804/13/vietnam.turtles.ap/| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081021132530/http://www.cnn.com/EARTH/9804/13/vietnam.turtles.ap/| archivedate=2008-10-21 | title=Giant turtle sightings set Vietnam capital abuzz|date=April 13, 1998|work=CNN|location=Hanoi, Vietnam|agency=AP}}
18. ^1 {{cite web |url= http://www.citypopulation.de/Vietnam.html |title=Vietnam |work=www.citypopulation.de |publisher=Thomas Brinkhoff |location=Oldenburg, Germany |accessdate=March 12, 2013}}
19. ^{{citation |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-44428971 |work=BBC News |title= Vietnam protesters clash with police over new economic zones |date= 11 June 2018 }}

Bibliography

{{Refbegin}}
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|title=The Chronicle & Directory for China, Corea, Japan, the Philippines, Indo-China, Straits Settlements, Siam, Borneo, Malay States, &c |location=Hong Kong |publisher=Daily Press |year=1892 |chapter=Hanoi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XhsrAAAAYAAJ
| ref = {{harvid|Directory|1892}}
}}
  • {{Citation |publisher = Chapman & Hall |publication-place = London |title = Around Tonkin and Siam |author = Henri d'Orléans |publication-date = 1894 |oclc = 9889459 |chapter=(Hanoi) |chapterurl= https://archive.org/stream/aroundtonkinand00orlgoog#page/n64/mode/2up

| ref = {{harvid|d'Orléans|1894}}
}}
  • {{Citation

|last=Schafer |first=Edward Hetzel |author-link=Edward H. Schafer |publisher=University of California Press |location=Berkeley |title=The Vermilion Bird: T'ang Images of the South
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yaeESYegRXMC&pg=PA99
|date=1967
|isbn=9780520054639

}}.

  • {{cite journal

|title=Urbanization in War: Hanoi, 1946-1973 |author= William S. Turley |journal= Pacific Affairs |volume= 48 |year= 1975
| ref = {{harvid|Turley|1975}}
}}
  • {{cite journal |title=Russians on the Red River: The Soviet Impact on Hanoi's Townscape, 1955-90 |author= William S. Logan |journal= Europe-Asia Studies |volume= 47 |year= 1995

| ref = {{harvid|Logan|1995}}
}}
  • {{Citation

|last=Anh |first=Thư Hà |author2-last=Hò̂ng |author2-first=Đức Trà̂n |display-authors=1 |author-mask=Anh Thư Hà & al. |ref={{harvid|Anh|2000}} |title=A Brief Chronology of Vietnam's History
|date=2000
|publisher=Thế Giới Publishers |location=Hanoi

}}.

  • {{Citation

|publisher = University of Washington Press |isbn = 0295980141 |publication-place = Seattle, WA |title = Hanoi, Biography of a City |author = William Stewart Logan |publication-date = 2000
| ref = {{harvid|Logan|2000}}
}}
  • {{Citation

|last=Loewe |first=Michael |contribution=Guangzhou: the Evidence of the Standard Histories from the Shi ji to the Chen shu, a Preliminary Survey |pp=51–80 |isbn=3-447-05060-8 |publisher=Harrassowitz Verlag
|date=2004
|editor-last=Müller |editor-first=Shing |editor2-last=Höllmann |editor2-first=Thomas O. |editor3-last=Gui |editor3-first=Putao |display-editors=0 |title=Guangdong: Archaeology and Early Texts (Zhou–Tang) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f0zZPMlu0L0C&pg=PA60

}}.

  • {{cite journal |title=The Cultural Role of Capital Cities: Hanoi and Hue, Vietnam |author= William S. Logan |journal= Pacific Affairs |volume= 78 |year= 2005

| ref = {{harvid|Logan|2005}}
}}
  • {{Citation

|publisher = National University of Singapore Press |isbn = 9789971694531 |title = Painters in Hanoi: an Ethnography of Vietnamese Art |author = Nora Annesley Taylor |publication-date = 2009
| ref = {{harvid|Taylor|2009}}
}}
  • {{cite book |title=Redefining Public Space in Hanoi: Places, Practices and Meaning |author= Sandra Kurfürst |publisher=Lit Verlag |location=Münster |year= 2012

| ref = {{harvid|Kurfürst|2012}}
}}
  • {{cite book |title=Harbin to Hanoi: Colonial Built Environment in Asia, 1840 to 1940 |publisher=Hong Kong University Press |year= 2013 |author=Lisa Drummond |chapter=Colonial Hanoi: Urban Space in Public Discourse

| ref = {{harvid|Drummond|2013}}
}}{{refend}}

External links

{{commons category|Hanoi}}{{Years in Vietnam}}{{Hanoi}}

5 : History of Hanoi|Timelines of cities in Asia|Hanoi|Vietnam history-related lists|Timelines of capitals
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