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词条 Timeline of Jakarta
释义

  1. Prior to 19th century

  2. 19th century

  3. 20th century

     1900s–1940s  1950s–1990s 

  4. 21st century

     2000s  2010s 

  5. See also

  6. References

  7. Bibliography

  8. External links

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2015}}

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Jakarta, Indonesia.

{{Dynamic list}}{{TOC right}}

Prior to 19th century

{{History of Indonesia}}
  • 397 CE – The port town known as Sunda Kalapa.
  • Mid 5th century – The region around the port was under Hindu Tarumanagara kingdom's rule, according to Tugu inscription discovered in North Jakarta.
  • 13th to 16th century – The port of Sunda Kalapa was the main port of Hindu Sunda Kingdom, served the capital, Pakuan Pajajaran (now Bogor), located about 60 km inland south
  • 1513 – Portuguese ships arrived.
  • 1522 – Padrão erected in Sunda Kelapa to mark Sunda-Portuquese treaty.
  • 1527
    • Fatahillah, on behalf of the Sultanate of Demak, conquers the Portuguese in Sunda Kalapa.
    • Sunda Kalapa renamed Jayakarta.[1]
  • 1610 – Dutch trading post established.{{sfn|Forbes|2004}}
  • 1619
    • Jan Pieterszoon Coen of the Dutch East India Company seizes the port of Jayakarta from the Sultanate of Banten.[2]
    • City renamed Batavia.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
  • 1628–1629 – Sultan Agung of Mataram launched Siege of Batavia.[2]
  • 1695 – Gereja Sion built.
  • 1699 – An earthquake in Batavia causes the collapse of 49 buildings and leaves 28 dead.
  • 1710 – Stadhuis (town hall) built.{{sfn|Kusno|2014}}
  • 1740 – Massacre of ethnic Chinese by Dutch East Indies troops.
  • 1744 – Amsterdam Gate built.
  • 1778 – Royal Batavian Society of Arts and Sciences founded.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
  • 1797 – Kebon Jahe Kober cemetery established.

19th century

  • 1804 – Negara Palace built.
  • 1811 – British took power.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
  • 1814
    • Dutch rule of city restored.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
    • Theatre built.
  • 1821 – Schouwburg Weltevreden concert hall built.
  • 1829 – Hotel de Provence established.
  • 1836 – 3 February: the first government steamboat, Willem I, arrived at the Batavia shipyard of Island Onrust. This was followed by the arrival of another steamer from the "Nederland" Royal Mail line in September 1871.[3]
  • 1837 – Frederik-Hendrik citadel built.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
  • 1851 – Medical school founded.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
  • 1853
    • "Society for the promotion of industry and agriculture" established.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
    • By the end of 1853, the first exhibition of agricultural products and native arts and crafts was held in Batavia.[3]
  • 1860 – Gymnasium William III established.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}[3]
  • 1864
    • March – a concession was granted to the Netherlands Indian Railway Company for the construction of a railway between Batavia and Buitenzorg.[3][4]
    • Zoo established by Vereneging Plantenen Dierentuin.[5]
  • 1868 – Gedung Gajah museum opens.
  • 1869
    • The opening of Suez canal reduces the voyage from Europe to Batavia to 5 weeks.{{sfn|de Jong|1998|p=283}}
    • Batavia Tramway Company started the horse-tram line, 'nr 1: Old Batavia' (now Kota Tua). The route started at Amsterdam Poort in the northern end of Prinsenstraat (now Jalan Cengkeh) and then reached Molenvliet (Jalan Gajah Madah) and Harmonie.[6]
  • 1870
    • Artesian wells built.{{sfn|Kooy|2014}}
    • Jakarta Kota Station built (approximate date).
  • 1871
    • 15 September: Batavia-Buitenzorg railway line completed.[4]
    • 16 September: Batavia-Buitenzorg railway line's service was opened{{sfn|Merrillees|2012|p=138}}
  • 1877 – A boom occurred in the international trade activity with Europe and the increase of shipping led to the construction of a new harbor at Tanjung Priok between 1877 and 1883.[3]
  • 1878 – 1 June: Commemoration of the first centenary of the Batavian Society of Arts and Sciences was held on June 1, 1878.[3]
  • 1879 – Gambir Palace built.
  • 1880 – Population of Batavia: 96,957.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
  • 1881
    • 1 December: the first dock of the Netherlands Indian Dry Docks Company was opened on Pulau Amsterdam (Eiland Amsterdam, present Pulau Untung Jawa) in the roadsteads of Batavia.[3]
    • Batavia-Buitenzorg-Cicurug railway line completed.[4]
  • 1882
    • Batavia-Buitenzorg-Cicurug-Sukabumi railway line completed.[4]
    • Horse-tram lines were reconstructed into steam tram lines.
  • 1883
    • Batavia-Buitenzorg-Cicurug-Sukabumi-Cianjur railway line completed.[4]
    • 12 August to 19 November: an exhibition of agricultural products and native arts and crafts was held at Batavia's Koningsplein.[3]
    • Dutch Indies Telephone Company established in Batavia.[3]
  • 1884
    • Batavia-Buitenzorg-Bandung railway line completed.[4]
    • November – an exhibition of Javanese crafts and arts was held in the Zoological Gardens (now Taman Ismail Marzuki).[3]
    • Weltevreden Station built.
  • 1886 – Tanjung Priok Station completed, connecting Tanjung Priok harbor with Batavia.[3]
  • 1888 – 15 January: an anatomical and bacterial laboratory established in Batavia.[3]
  • 1886 – Tanjung Priok harbor built.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
  • 1894 – 1 November: Batavia-Surabaya connected with the opening of the railway section Tasikmalaya-Maos
  • 1895 – 16 July: Pasteur Institute established.[3]
  • 1898 – Population of Batavia: 115,567.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
  • 1899 – The electric train operated. It was the first ever electric train in the Kingdom of Netherlands.[6]

20th century

1900s–1940s

  • 1901 – Jakarta Cathedral built.
  • 1903 – "City council" created.{{sfn|Kusno|2014}}
  • 1906 – Gambir Market begins.
  • 1910 – Jatinegara Station built.
  • 1912 – Jakarta Stock Exchange established.
  • 1918
    • Municipal water company created.{{sfn|Kooy|2014}}
    • Population: 234,697.[7]
  • 1920 – Jakarta Flood Canal built.
  • 1922 – Cut Mutiah Mosque founded.
  • 1928 – Persija Jakarta football club founded.
  • 1930 – Population: 533,000.{{sfn|Forbes|2004}}
  • 1931 – Old Indonesia football derby begins.
  • 1932 – Bioscoop Metropool built.
  • 1940 – Kemayoran Airport opens.
  • 1942 – City occupied by Japanese.{{sfn|Forbes|2004}}
  • 1945 – Suwiryo becomes mayor.
  • 1948
    • Kebayoran Baru development begins.
    • Daan Jahja becomes military governor.[27]
    • Population: 823,000.{{sfn|Forbes|2004}}
  • 1949
    • City renamed Djakarta.
    • Kodam Jaya, Akademi Nasional, and National Archives of Indonesia established.
    • Ikada field renamed Merdeka Square.
    • Istana Gambir renamed Istana Merdeka.

1950s–1990s

  • 1950
    • Suwiryo becomes mayor again.
    • State university established in Jakarta.
  • 1951 – Sjamsuridjal becomes mayor.
  • 1952 – Population: 1,782,000.{{sfn|Forbes|2004}}
  • 1953
    • Sudiro becomes mayor.
    • Universitas Kristen Indonesia established.
    • Bank Indonesia headquartered in Jakarta.[8]
  • 1957 – Water Treatment Plant Pejompangan I created.{{sfn|Kooy|2014}}
  • 1960 – Soemarno Sosroatmodjo becomes governor.
  • 1961
    • Special Capital Region of Jakarta (province) created.{{sfn|Forbes|2004}}
    • Population: 2,906,533.[9]
  • 1962
    • Hotel Indonesia opens.
    • Selamat Datang Monument and Gelora Bung Karno Stadium built.
    • 4th Asian Games held.
  • 1964 – Henk Ngantung becomes governor.
  • 1965
    • Soemarno Sosroatmodjo becomes governor again.
    • Balai Sarbini (concert hall) and Tanjung Priok-Cililitan Bypass[10] built.
    • Kompas newspaper begin publication.
    • 30 September Movement.
  • 1966
    • Ali Sadikin becomes governor.
    • Jakarta government divided into 5 self-governing cities: Central Jakarta (Jakarta Pusat), West Jakarta (Jakarta Barat), South Jakarta (Jakarta Selatan), East Jakarta (Jakarta Timur), and North Jakarta (Jakarta Utara).{{sfn|Nas|2005}}
    • Water Treatment Plant Pejompangan II created.{{sfn|Kooy|2014}}
    • Ragunan Zoo and Ancol Dreamland resort open.
  • 1967 – YARSI University established.
  • 1968
    • Jakarta Fair begins.{{sfn|Kusno|2014}}
    • Wisma Delima opens in Jalan Jaksa.
    • Taman Ismail Marzuki Art Center opens.[11]
  • 1970 – 16th Asia Pacific Film Festival held.[12]
  • 1971
    • Prambors FM radio begins broadcasting.
    • Tempo magazine begins publication.[13]
    • Population: 4,576,009.[14]
  • 1974
    • January: Anti-Japanese Malari incident occurs.[2]
    • Jakarta History Museum opens.
    • Binus University founded.
    • Betawi Cultural Heritage District established in Condet.[15]
  • 1975
    • Wayang Museum of puppetry established.
    • Taman Mini Indonesia Indah{{sfn|Nas|2005}} and Museum Indonesia open.
    • National Monument (Indonesia) built.
  • 1976
    • Blok G government highrise built as a benchmark for other highrise in Jakarta.{{sfn|Kusno|2014}}
    • Museum Seni Rupa dan Keramik established.
  • 1977
    • Tjokropranolo becomes governor.
    • Museum Bahari established.
    • Taman Prasasti Museum opens.
  • 1978
    • Istiqlal Mosque, Jakarta built.
    • Jagorawi Toll Road opens, linking Bogor, Ciawi, and Jakarta.
    • Textile Museum opens.
  • 1979
    • Jakarta hosts 1979 Southeast Asian Games
    • Sister city relationship established with Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
  • 1980
    • National Library of Indonesia and Jakarta Foreign Correspondents Club founded.
    • Population: 6,503,449.[16]
  • 1981 – SMA Negeri 68 Jakarta public high school established.
  • 1982 – R. Soeprapto becomes governor.
  • 1983 – The Jakarta Post newspaper begins publication.
  • 1984
    • 12 September: Tanjung Priok massacre occurs.
    • October: Anti-Chinese bombings.[2]
    • Sister city relationships established with Islamabad, Pakistan, and Seoul, South Korea.
  • 1985
    • Soekarno–Hatta International Airport opens; Kemayoran Airport closes.
    • Mercu Buana University established.
  • 1986
    • Dunia Fantasi theme park opens in Ancol Dreamland.
    • Sister city relationship established with Rotterdam, Netherlands.
  • 1987
    • Wiyogo Atmodarminto becomes governor.
    • Jakarta host 1987 Southeast Asian Games
  • 1988 – Jakarta–Cikampek Toll Road opens.
  • 1990
    • Mal Kelapa Gading opens.
    • Lippo Cikarang starts.
    • Sister city relationship established with Los Angeles, USA.[17]
  • 1991
    • Jakarta Fair venue moved from Merdeka Square to Kemayoran.
    • Sister city relationship established with Casablanca, Morocco.
  • 1992
    • {{Interlanguage link multi|Soerjadi Soedirdja|id}} becomes governor.
    • Jakarta Convention Center opens (approximate date).
    • Sister city relationship established with Beijing, China.
  • 1993
    • Mayapada Tower built.
    • Purna Bhakti Pertiwi Museum opens.
    • Sister city relationship established with Berlin, Germany.
  • 1995
    • "Kenduri Nasional", national commemoration to celebrate 50th years of Indonesian Independence held in Merdeka Square.
    • Sister city relationship established with Paris, France.
    • Population: 9,160,500 (estimate).[18]
  • 1996
    • Wisma 46 hi-rise built.
    • Society for Interreligious Dialogue established.[19]
  • 1997
    • Sutiyoso becomes governor.{{sfn|Kusno|2014}}
    • Jakarta Tower construction begins, yet stopped due to Asian financial crisis.
    • Jakarta host 1997 Southeast Asian Games
  • 1998 – Riots against Suharto's regime.[20]
  • 1999 – Jakarta International Film Festival begins.
  • 2000
    • Jakarta Stock Exchange bombing.
    • Population density: 12,200 people per square kilometer.[21]

21st century

2000s

  • 2003 – August: Marriott Hotel bombing.[22]
  • 2004
    • TransJakarta starts.
    • September: Australian Embassy bombing.[22]
    • Jakarta Monorail construction begins, yet halted months later.
    • Asian Network of Major Cities 21 meets in Jakarta.
  • 2005
    • Food scare.
    • Jakarta International Java Jazz Festival begins.
    • Ritz-Carlton Jakarta opens.
  • 2006 – Indosiar Television Tower built.
  • 2007
    • 8 August: 2007 Jakarta gubernatorial election held; Fauzi Bowo wins.{{sfn|Kusno|2014}}
    • Indonesia Stock Exchange formed.
    • Flood.
    • The Peak Twin Towers built.
  • 2008 – Messiah Cathedral opens.
  • 2009
    • Aula Simfonia Jakarta opens.
    • Hotel bombings.[22]

2010s

  • 2010 – Population: 9,607,787;[23] population density: 14,600 people per square kilometer.[21]
  • 2011
    • Jakarta host 2011 Southeast Asian Games with Palembang
    • Population: 10,187,595.[24]
  • 2012
    • Mata Elang International Stadium opens.
    • MRT Jakarta construction begins.
    • October: Joko Widodo becomes governor.[25]
  • 2013
    • January: Flooding.[26]
    • Population: 9,988,329.[24]
  • 2014 – Basuki Tjahaja Purnama becomes governor.
  • 2017 – Anies Baswedan elected governor
  • 2018 – Jakarta host 2018 Asian Games with Palembang

See also

  • History of Jakarta
  • List of Governors of Jakarta
  • List of colonial buildings and structures in Jakarta
  • Other names of Jakarta
  • Greater Jakarta
  • Urbanization in Indonesia
  • Timeline of Indonesian history

References

1. ^{{Citation |publisher = Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |isbn = 9812300228 |publication-place = Singapore |editor =Yaneo Ishii |url = http://openlibrary.org/books/OL522465M/The_junk_trade_from_Southeast_Asia |title = The junk trade from Southeast Asia: translations from the Tôsen fusetsu-gaki, 1674–1723 |chapter=Kelapa (Batavia) |publication-date = 1998 }}
2. ^1 2 {{cite book|publisher=Europa Publications |series=Political Chronologies of the World |title= Political Chronology of South East Asia and Oceania |editor=David Lea and Colette Milward |year=2001|isbn=978-1-135-35659-0 |chapter=Indonesia |chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=4tpuqK15kWAC&pg=PA58 |pages= 58–80 }}
3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 {{cite book |title=Landing stages of Jakarta/Batavia |last=Teeuwen |first=Dirk |authorlink= |year=2007 |publisher= |location= |isbn= |page= |pages= |url= |accessdate=}}
4. ^1 2 3 4 5 GEDENKBOEK, Staatsspoor en Tremwegen in Nederlandsch Indie 1875–1925
5. ^{{cite book|editor=Vernon N. Kisling|title=Zoo and Aquarium History|year= 2000|publisher=CRC Press |location=USA |isbn=978-1-4200-3924-5 |chapter=Zoological Gardens of Asia: Indonesia (chronological list) |chapterurl= https://books.google.com/books?id=dxTrR5nOE0UC&pg=PA382 }}
6. ^1 Teeuwen, Dirk Rendez Vous Batavia From horsepower to electrification. Tramways in Batavia-Jakarta, 1869–1962. (Rotterdam, 2007)   {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813065215/http://www.rendez-vous-batavia.nl/colonial_institutions/passenger-transportation-services/tram-batavia.pdf |date=13 August 2014 }}
7. ^{{cite book |title=Statesman's Year-Book |year=1921 |location=London |publisher= Macmillan and Co.|chapter= Netherlands: Dutch East Indies |chapterurl= http://hdl.handle.net/2027/njp.32101072368440?urlappend=%3Bseq=1166 }}
8. ^{{cite book|title=Europa World Year Book |year=2004|publisher=Europa Publications |isbn=978-1-85743-254-1 |chapter=Indonesia |chapterurl= https://books.google.com/books?id=wGA4o-UhAfgC&pg=PA2116 }}
9. ^{{cite book |url= https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1960_round.htm |title=Demographic Yearbook 1965 |year=1966 |publisher=Statistical Office of the United Nations |location=New York |chapter=Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants }}
10. ^1 {{citation |url=http://www.jakarta.go.id/v2eng/encyclopedia |title=Jakarta Encyclopedia |work=Jakarta.go.id |publisher= Jakarta Capital City |accessdate=30 September 2015 }}
11. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/?period=11®ion=sse#/Key-Events |title= Southeast Asia, 1900 A.D.–present: Key Events |work= Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History |publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art |location=New York |accessdate=30 October 2014 }}
12. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2001/07/28/indonesia-host-asiapacific-film-festival.html |title=Jakarta Post |date=28 July 2001 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203140930/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2001/07/28/indonesia-host-asiapacific-film-festival.html |archivedate=3 February 2016 |df=dmy-all }}
13. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.cpj.org/reports/1998/11/tempo.php |title=Bringing Back a Legend: Tempo Magazine Reopens in Jakarta |author=A. Lin Neumann |year=1998 |work=Special Reports |publisher=Committee to Protect Journalists |location=New York }}
14. ^{{cite book |url= https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1970_round.htm |title=Demographic Yearbook 1975 |year=1976 |author=United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office |location=New York |chapter=Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants |pages=253–279 }}
15. ^{{cite journal |author=Gunawan Tjahjono |title=Reviving the Betawi Tradition: The Case of Setu Babakan |journal= Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review |volume= 15 |year= 2003 |publisher= International Association for the Study of Traditional Environments |url=http://iaste.berkeley.edu/category/tdsr |via=University of California, Berkeley }}
16. ^{{cite book |url= https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1980_round.htm |title=1985 Demographic Yearbook |year=1987 |author=United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office |location=New York |chapter=Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants |pages=247–289 }}
17. ^{{cite web | url=http://sistercities.lacity.org/ | title=Sister Cities of Los Angeles | publisher=City of Los Angeles |location=USA | accessdate= 30 December 2015 }}
18. ^{{cite book |url= https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1990_round.htm |title=1995 Demographic Yearbook |year=1997 |author=United Nations Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis, Statistics Division |location=New York |chapter=Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants |pages=262–321 }}
19. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.pluralism.org/reports |title=International Portrait: Indonesia |author=Pluralism Project |publisher=Harvard University |year=2007 }}
20. ^1 {{cite book|editor= John Bowman|title=Columbia Chronologies of Asian History and Culture|year= 2000|publisher=Columbia University Press |location=USA |isbn=978-0-231-50004-3 |chapter=Indonesia |chapterurl= https://books.google.com/books?id=cYoHOqC7Yx4C&pg=PA436 |page=436+ }}
21. ^1 {{citation |title=East Asia’s Changing Urban Landscape |url=https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/2174 |publisher=World Bank |year=2015 }}
22. ^1 2 {{cite web |url= https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-15114517 |author=BBC News |title=Indonesia Profile: Timeline |accessdate=30 September 2015 }}
23. ^{{cite web |url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2011.htm |work=Demographic Yearbook 2011 |year=2012 |publisher=United Nations Statistics Division |title=Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants }}
24. ^1 {{citation |title=Jakarta in Figures 2014 |issn=0215-2150 |url= http://jakarta.bps.go.id/backend/pdf_publikasi/Jakarta-Dalam-Angka-2014.pdf |publisher=Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi DKI Jakarta }}
25. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/21/world/asia/flooding-tests-jakarta-governor-joko-widodo.html |title=After Disaster, Governor Faced with Challenge of Keeping Jakarta Dry |date=20 February 2013 |work= New York Times }}
26. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-21054769 |title=Indonesian capital Jakarta hit by deadly flooding |date=17 January 2013 |publisher= BBC News}}
This article incorporates information from the Indonesian Wikipedia and German Wikipedia.

Bibliography

{{Refbegin}}
Published in the 20th century
  • {{Citation

| title = Encyclopædia Britannica
| publication-place = New York
| publication-date = 1910
| edition=11th
| oclc = 14782424
| via=Internet Archive
|chapter= Batavia |chapterurl = https://archive.org/stream/encyclopaediabrit03chisrich#page/506/mode/2up
| ref = {{harvid|Britannica|1910}}
}}
  • {{cite book |last=de Jong |first=J.J.P. |date=1998 |title=De waaier van het fortuin: van handelscompagnie tot koloniaal imperium : de Nederlanders in Azië en de Indonesische archipel |url=https://books.google.co.id/books/about/De_waaier_van_het_fortuin.html?id=JxNIAAAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y |location= |publisher=Sdu |isbn=9789012086431 |ref=harv}}
  • {{Cite book |publisher = Routledge |isbn = 9781884964046 |title = International Dictionary of Historic Places: Asia and Oceania |publication-date = 1996 |editor=Schellinger and Salkin |location=UK |chapter=Jakarta |page=395+ |chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=vWLRxJEU49EC&pg=PA395

}}
  • Susan Abeyasekere. Jakarta: A History. Singapore: Oxford University Press, 1987.
  • Abidin Kusno, "Modern Beacon and Traditional Polity: Jakarta in the Time of Sukarno," chapter 2 Behind the Postcolonial: Architecture, Urban Space and Political Cultures in Indonesia (London: Routledge, 2000) 49–70.
Published in the 21st century
  • {{cite book |last=Merrillees |first=Scott |date=2012 |title=Greetings from Jakarta: Postcards of a Capital 1900-1950 |location= |publisher=Equinox Publishing |isbn=9789793780887 |ref=harv}}
  • {{cite web |title=Jakarta |work=Understanding Slums: Case Studies for the Global Report 2003 |url=http://www.ucl.ac.uk/dpu-projects/Global_Report/a-z.htm |publisher=United Nations Human Settlements Programme and University College London |year=2003

}}
  • {{cite book

|editor=Ooi Keat Gin |title=Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia
|year= 2004
|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-57607-770-2 |chapter=Batavia |chapterurl= https://books.google.com/books?id=QKgraWbb7yoC&pg=PA226 |pages= 226–229
}}
  • {{cite book |title=World Cities beyond the West: Globalization, Development, and Inequality |editor=Josef Gugler |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year= 2004 |isbn=0521830036 |chapter=Jakarta |author= Dean Forbes |chapterurl= https://books.google.com/books?id=lw3iPzyfpdQC&pg=PA268

| ref = {{harvid|Forbes|2004}}
}}
  • {{cite book

|editor= Peter J.M. Nas |title=Directors of Urban Change in Asia
|year= 2005
|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-26737-8 |chapter=Jakarta: Conflicting Directions |author1=Pratiwo |author2=Peter J.M. Nas |chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=KeJ_15xPSA8C&pg=PA68
| ref = {{harvid|Nas|2005}}
}}
  • {{cite book|author=Jerome Tadie |editor=Greg Bankoff|title=Flammable Cities: Urban Conflagration and the Making of the Modern World |year= 2012

|publisher=University of Wisconsin Press |location=USA |isbn=978-0-299-28383-4 |chapter=Fires, Urban Environments, and Politics in Contemporary Jakarta |chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=EtPy7G7NnZEC&pg=PA372 |pages=372–389 |display-editors=etal
}}
  • {{cite book

|editor=Swati Chattopadhyay and Jeremy White
|title=City Halls and Civic Materialism: Towards a Global History of Urban Public Space
|year=2014
|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-80228-0 |chapter=Jakarta's City Hall |chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=CcETAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA255
|author=Abidin Kusno
| ref = {{harvid|Kusno|2014}}
}}
  • {{cite book|title=Cars, Conduits, and Kampongs: The Modernization of the Indonesian City, 1920–1960|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cAkSBQAAQBAJ|year=2014|publisher=Brill |editor= Freek Colombijn and Joost Coté |isbn=978-90-04-28072-4 |chapter=(Post)Colonial Pipes: Urban Water Supply in Colonial and Contemporary Jakarta |author=Michelle Kooy and Karen Bakker |pages=63–86

| ref = {{harvid|Kooy|2014}}
}}{{refend}}

External links

{{commons category|History of Jakarta}}
  • {{cite web |url= http://archnet.org/library/places/one-place.jsp?place_id=1762 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106152159/http://www.archnet.org/library/places/one-place.jsp?place_id=1762 |archivedate=2009 |title=Jakarta |author=ArchNet }}
{{coord|6|12|0|S|106|48|0|E|region:ID|display=title}}{{Jakarta topics}}{{Years in Indonesia}}

7 : Years in Indonesia|History of Jakarta|Timelines of cities in Asia|Jakarta|Jakarta-related lists|Megacity timelines|Timelines of capitals
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