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词条 Timeline of Kraków
释义

  1. Prior to 20th century

  2. 20th century

  3. 21st century

  4. See also

  5. References

  6. Bibliography

  7. External links

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Kraków, Poland.

{{Dynamic list}}{{TOC right}}

Prior to 20th century

{{History of Poland}}
  • 1000 - Catholic diocese of Kraków established.[1]
  • 1044 - Benedictine Abbey {{Interlanguage link multi|Benedictine Abbey of Tyniec|pl|3=Opactwo Benedyktynów w Tyńcu|lt=of Tyniec}} established in Tyniec near Kraków.{{sfn|Hourihane|2012}}
  • 1142 - Cathedral built (approximate date).{{sfn|Hourihane|2012}}
  • 1241 - Kraków sacked by Tatars.{{sfn|Lerski|1996}}
  • 1257 - The town granted Magdeburg rights, signing of {{Interlanguage link multi|Lokacja Krakowa|pl}}.{{sfn|Lerski|1996}}
  • 1306 - Kraków taken by Władysław Łokietek.{{sfn|Lerski|1996}}
  • 1313 - Kraków Town Hall built (approximate date).[2]
  • 1320 - Kraków becomes Polish capital.{{sfn|Haydn|1910}}
  • 1364
    • Cracow Academy founded.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
    • Wawel Cathedral{{sfn|Baedeker|1911}} and Collegium Maius built.
  • 1390 - Public clock installed (approximate date).[3]
  • 1395 - Kraków Cloth Hall built.{{sfn|Baedeker|1911}}
  • 1397 - St. Mary's Basilica built.
  • 1407 - Synagogue built in Kazimierz.[4]
  • 1420 - Bellmakers guild established.{{sfn|Hourihane|2012}}
  • 1491
    • Paper mill established in Prądnik Czerwony.[5]
    • Printing press in operation.[6]
  • 1521 - Sigismund Bell installed in tower of Wawel Cathedral.
  • 1566 - {{Interlanguage link multi|Kraków arsenal|pl|3=Arsenał Miejski w Krakowie}} built (near St. Florian's Gate).
  • 1609 - Polish capital relocated from Kraków to Warsaw by Sigismund III Vasa (approximate date).{{sfn|Lerski|1996}}
  • 1610 - Bagel first mentioned.
  • 1618 - Church of St. Adalbert rebuilt.
  • 1619 - Saints Peter and Paul Church built.{{sfn|Baedeker|1911}}
  • 1643 - Obergymnasium of St. Anna (school) built on {{Interlanguage link multi|St. Anna Street, Kraków|pl|3=Ulica św. Anny w Krakowie}}.{{sfn|Baedeker|1911}}
  • 1655 - Siege of Kraków (1655) by Swedish forces.{{sfn|Lerski|1996}}
  • 1702 - City taken by forces of Charles XII of Sweden.{{sfn|Haydn|1910}}
  • 1703 - Church of St. Anne, Kraków rebuilt.{{sfn|Hourihane|2012}}
  • 1768 - City taken by Russian forces.{{sfn|Haydn|1910}}
  • 1781 - Theatre opens.{{citation needed|date=April 2015}}
  • 1783 - Botanic Garden of the Jagiellonian University founded.[7]
  • 1794
    • 24 March: Kościuszko's proclamation against Russian rule occurs in Main Square.{{sfn|Lerski|1996}}
    • June: Prussians in power.{{sfn|Haydn|1910}}
  • 1795 - City becomes part of Austria.{{sfn|Haydn|1910}}
  • 1809 - City becomes part of the Duchy of Warsaw.{{sfn|Lerski|1996}}
  • 1810 - Population: 23,612.
  • 1815 - Republic of Krakow established per Congress of Vienna.[8]
  • 1820 - Most of Kraków Town Hall demolished (except tower).
  • 1831 - City occupied by Russian forces.{{sfn|Haydn|1910}}
  • 1846
    • February: Kraków Uprising against Austrian forces; {{Interlanguage link multi|Polish National Government (Kraków Uprising)|pl|3=Rząd Narodowy Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej}} established.
    • November: City becomes part of Austria again; Grand Duchy of Cracow established.[8]
  • 1847 - Kraków Główny railway station built.
  • 1848 - {{Interlanguage link multi|Czas|pl|3=Czas (dziennik)}} newspaper begins publication.[10]
  • 1850 - 18 July: Kraków fire of 1850.{{sfn|Haydn|1910}}
  • 1851 - Population: 41,086.[7]
  • 1869 - July: Imprisonment of nun {{Interlanguage link multi|Barbara Ubryk|pl|3=Sprawa Barbary Ubryk}} discovered; unrest ensues.{{sfn|Haydn|1910}}
  • 1873 - School of Fine Arts and Academy of Learning[8] active.
  • 1879 - National Museum, Kraków established.
  • 1885 - Park Krakowski established.{{sfn|Rostafiński|1891}}
  • 1890 - Population: 76,025.[9]
  • 1893 - Municipal Theatre opens.
  • 1898 - Mickiewicz monument installed in Main Square.{{sfn|Baedeker|1911}}

20th century

  • 1905 - Zielony Balonik literary cabaret begins in Jama Michalika on Floriańska Street.
  • 1909 - Kraków Philharmonic Orchestra founded.
  • 1910 - Population: 151,781.[10]
  • 1916 - {{Interlanguage link multi|Kino Sztuka|pl|3=Kino Sztuka w Krakowie}} (cinema) opens.{{citation needed|date=April 2015}}
  • 1917 - Formiści (art group) formed.[11]
  • 1918 - City becomes part of Poland.{{sfn|Lerski|1996}}
  • 1920 - Population: 176,463.[12]
  • 1929 - Kraków Zoo opens.[13]
  • 1930 - Wawel Castle museum established.
  • 1931
    • Kraków Philharmonic hall opens.
    • Population: 219,300.
  • 1933 - {{Interlanguage link multi|Grupa Krakowska|pl}} (art group) formed.[14]
  • 1939
    • 6 September: German forces enter city.
    • 4 November: City becomes seat of Nazi German General Government of occupied Poland.
  • 1941 - March: Kraków Ghetto of Jews established by occupying Germans.
  • 1945
    • January: Russians take city; German occupation ends.{{sfn|Lerski|1996}}
    • Historical Museum of Kraków established.
  • 1946 - Krakow Polytechnic established.
  • 1949
    • Gazeta Krakowska newspaper begins publication.
    • Development of Nowa Huta area begins.
  • 1950
    • {{Interlanguage link multi|Bunkier Sztuki Contemporary Art Gallery|pl|3=Galeria Sztuki Współczesnej „Bunkier Sztuki”}} founded.[15]
    • Population: 347,500.[16]
  • 1951 - Polish Academy of Sciences' Division of Medicinal Plants established.[17]
  • 1954
    • Lenin Steelworks begins operating.
    • Opera Krakowska founded.
  • 1955
    • Cricot 2 theatre group formed.[14]
    • Population: 428,231.
  • 1959 - Krzysztofory Gallery[14] and Kino Mikro (cinema).{{citation needed|date=April 2015}} open.
  • 1961 - Kraków Film Festival begins.
  • 1964
    • Balice Airport begins operating.
    • Karol Wojtyła becomes Catholic archbishop.{{sfn|Ring|1995}}
  • 1965 – Population: 520,145.
  • 1967 - {{Interlanguage link multi|Kino Kijów|pl}} (cinema) opens.
  • 1973 - Tyniec becomes part of Kraków.
  • 1974 - Population: 662,900.[18]
  • 1978 - Kraków Old Town designated an UNESCO World Heritage Site.{{sfn|Hughes|2003}}
  • 1988 - Jewish Culture Festival in Kraków begins.[19]
  • 1990 - {{Interlanguage link multi|Czas Krakowski|pl}} newspaper begins publication.[20]
  • 1993 - Institute for Strategic Studies established. 
  • 1997 - Cracow Klezmer Band formed.
  • 1998 - Andrzej Maria Gołaś becomes mayor.
  • 1999 - City becomes part of the Lesser Poland Voivodeship.
  • 2000 - City designated a European Capital of Culture.{{sfn|Hughes|2003}}

21st century

  • 2002 - Jacek Majchrowski becomes mayor.
  • 2006 - Galeria Krakowska shopping mall in business.
  • 2008
    • Kraków Fast Tram begins operating.
    • International Festival of Independent Cinema Off Plus Camera begins.
  • 2009
    • {{Interlanguage link multi|Kino Agrafka|pl}} (cinema) opens.{{citation needed|date=April 2015}}
    • Sister city relationship established with San Francisco, USA.[21]
  • 2010
    • Museum of Contemporary Art in Kraków,[22] Oskar Schindler's Enamel Factory museum,[22] and {{Interlanguage link multi|Bernatek Footbridge|pl|3=Kładka Ojca Bernatka}}[22] open.
    • Paderewski monument erected in {{Interlanguage link multi|Strzelecki Park, Kraków|pl|3=Park Strzelecki w Krakowie}}.
  • 2012 - Population: 758,300.[23]
  • 2013 - Air pollution in Krakow reaches annual mean of 37 PM2.5 and 51 PM10, more than recommended.[24]
  • 2014 - May: Kraków referendum, 2014 held; Kraków bid for the 2022 Winter Olympics withdrawn.

See also

  • History of Kraków
  • Other names of Kraków, e.g. Krakau
  • List of mayors of Kraków
  • List of churches of Kraków
  • Synagogues of Kraków
  • List of events in Kraków (currently ongoing)
  • List of Polish monarchs, some crowned in Kraków

References

1. ^{{cite web |title=Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Poland |url= http://www.katolsk.no/organisasjon/verden/chronology/poland |publisher=Oslo katolske bispedømme (Oslo Catholic Diocese) |location=Norway |accessdate= 30 April 2015 }}
2. ^Kamil Janicki (2012), Co się stało z krakowskim ratuszem? Ciekawostki turystyczne.
3. ^{{cite book|author= {{Interlanguage link multi|Gerhard Dohrn-van Rossum|de}} |title=History of the Hour: Clocks and Modern Temporal Orders |year= 1996|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-15510-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9Za4jdBEVB4C&pg=PA392 }}
4. ^{{cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150319043216/http://www.yivoencyclopedia.org/article.aspx/Krakow |deadurl=yes |archivedate=March 2015 |url= http://www.yivoencyclopedia.org/article.aspx/Krakow |title= Kraków |work=Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe |publisher=Yivo Institute for Jewish Research |location=New York }}
5. ^{{cite book|author=Dard Hunter|title=Papermaking: The History and Technique of an Ancient Craft|year=1978|publisher=Dover|isbn=978-0-486-23619-3 |chapter=Chronology |chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=1sEp3rtK994C&pg=PA477 }}
6. ^{{cite book |title= Index to the Early Printed Books in the British Museum |author= Robert Proctor |location=London |publisher= Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner and Company |year= 1898 |chapter=Books Printed From Types: Austria-Hungary: Krakau |chapterurl= http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.c3450632?urlappend=%3Bseq=165 |via=HathiTrust }}
7. ^{{cite book|author= {{Interlanguage link multi|Georg Friedrich Kolb|de}} |language=German |title=Grundriss der Statistik der Völkerzustands- und Staatenkunde |year=1862 |location=Leipzig |publisher=A. Förstnersche Buchhandlung |chapter=Die europäischen Großmächte: Oesterreich |chapterurl= https://books.google.com/books?id=QkBVAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA30 |quote= Größere Städte ... in Galizien }}
8. ^{{cite book |title=Encyclopedia of Library History |editor=Wayne A. Wiegand and Donald G. Davis, Jr. |year= 1994 |chapter=Poland |author= Maria Kocojowa |chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=WR9bsvhc4XMC&pg=PA499 }}
9. ^{{cite book |title=Statesman's Year-Book |year=1899 |location=London |publisher= Macmillan and Co.|chapter= Austria-Hungary: Austria |chapterurl=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/nyp.33433081590550?urlappend=%3Bseq=729 }}
10. ^{{cite book |title=Statesman's Year-Book |year=1913 |location=London |publisher= Macmillan and Co.|chapter= Austria-Hungary: Austria |chapterurl= http://hdl.handle.net/2027/njp.32101072368374?urlappend=%3Bseq=750 }}
11. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.bl.uk/breakingtherules |work= Breaking the Rules: The Printed Face of the European Avant Garde 1900-1937 |series = Online Exhibitions |title= Chronology of the European Avant Garde, 1900─1937 |year=2007 |editor= Chris Michaelides |publisher=British Library }}
12. ^{{cite book |title=Statesman's Year-Book |year=1921 |location=London |publisher= Macmillan and Co. |via=Hathi Trust |chapter= Poland |chapterurl= http://hdl.handle.net/2027/njp.32101072368440?urlappend=%3Bseq=1240 }}
13. ^{{cite book|editor=Vernon N. Kisling|title=Zoo and Aquarium History|year= 2000|publisher=CRC Press |location=USA |isbn=978-1-4200-3924-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dxTrR5nOE0UC }}
14. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/?period=11®ion=euwco#/Key-Events |title= Central Europe, 1900 A.D.–present: Key Events |work= Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History |publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art |location=New York |accessdate= 30 April 2015 }}
15. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.newmuseum.org/spaces/listing/country:Poland |title=Poland |work=Art Spaces Directory |location=New York |publisher=New Museum |accessdate= 30 April 2015}}
16. ^{{Citation |publisher = Columbia University Press |publication-place = New York |editor = Leon E. Seltzer |url = http://openlibrary.org/books/OL6112221M/The_Columbia_Lippincott_gazetteer_of_the_world |title = Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World |publication-date = 1952 |ol=6112221M |page= 460 |chapter=Cracow }}
17. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.bgci.org/garden_search.php?action=Find&ftrCountry=PL |title=Garden Search: Poland |publisher= Botanic Gardens Conservation International |location=London |accessdate= 30 April 2015 }}
18. ^{{cite book |url= https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1970_round.htm |title=Demographic Yearbook 1975 |year=1976 |author=United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office |location=New York |chapter=Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants |pages=253-279 }}
19. ^{{cite journal |title=Klezmer in Kraków: Kitsch, or Catharsis for Poles? |author1=Steven Saxonberg |author2=Magdalena Waligórska |lastauthoramp=yes |journal=Ethnomusicology |volume= 50 |year= 2006 |jstor=20174469 }}
20. ^{{cite book|title= Europa World Year Book |year=2004|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-85743-255-8 |chapter=Poland: Directory |chapterurl= https://books.google.com/books?id=gP_-8rXzQs8C&pg=PA3463 }}
21. ^{{cite web |publisher=City & County of San Francisco |title= San Francisco Sister Cities |accessdate=30 December 2015 |url= http://www.oewd.org/index.aspx?page=100 |location=USA }}
22. ^{{citation |work=New York Times |title=36 Hours in Krakow |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/02/travel/36-hours-in-krakow-poland.html |date= 29 September 2011 }}
23. ^{{cite web |url= http://stat.gov.pl/en/topics/statistical-yearbooks/statistical-yearbooks/concise-statistical-yearbook-of-poland-2014,1,15.html |title=Concise Statistical Yearbook of Poland 2014 |publisher=Central Statistical Office of Poland |quote=Review Tables: Cities }}
24. ^{{citation |author=World Health Organization |location=Geneva |title=Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database |year=2016 |url=http://www.who.int/phe/health_topics/outdoorair/databases/cities/en/ }}
This article incorporates information from the Polish Wikipedia and German Wikipedia.

Bibliography

{{Refbegin}}
Published in 18th-19th centuries
  • {{Citation

|publisher = T. Cadell |publication-place = London |author = William Coxe |authorlink = William Coxe (historian) |title=Travels into Poland, Russia, Sweden, and Denmark |publication-date = 1784 |oclc = 654136 |chapterurl= https://archive.org/stream/travelspolandrus01coxe#page/142/mode/2up |chapter= Cracow
}}
  • {{Citation

|publisher = Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown |publication-date = 1819 |publication-place = London |title = The Cyclopaedia |author= Abraham Rees |chapter= Cracow |chapterurl= https://archive.org/stream/cyclopaediaoruni10rees#page/255/mode/1up
}}
  • {{Citation |author=John Russell |title = A Tour in Germany, and Some of the Southern Provinces of the Austrian Empire, in 1820, 1821, 1822 |publication-date = 1828 |oclc=614379840 |publisher = Constable |location=Edinburgh |chapter=Cracow |chapterurl=https://archive.org/stream/touringermanysom02russ#page/134/mode/2up }}
  • {{cite book |title=Edinburgh Encyclopædia |editor= David Brewster |location=Philadelphia |publisher= Joseph and Edward Parker |year= 1832 |volume=7 |chapter=Cracow |chapterurl=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015068302770?urlappend=%3Bseq=156 }}
  • {{cite book |title=Geography |volume=2 |series=English Cyclopaedia |editor=Charles Knight |location=London |year=1866 |publisher=Bradbury, Evans, & Co. |chapterurl= http://hdl.handle.net/2027/nyp.33433000064794?urlappend=%3Bseq=319 |chapter= Cracow }}
  • {{cite book|editor= William Henry Overall |title= Dictionary of Chronology|year=1870|publisher=William Tegg |location=London |chapter= Cracow |chapterurl= http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t9m32q949?urlappend=%3Bseq=198 }}
  • {{Citation |publisher = Frederick Warne & Co. |publication-place = London |author = George Henry Townsend |title = Manual of Dates |publication-date = 1877 |edition=5th |chapter=Cracow |chapterurl= http://hdl.handle.net/2027/wu.89097349427?urlappend=%3Bseq=293 }}
  • {{Citation |publisher = Sampson Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington |series=Foreign Countries and British Colonies |publication-place = London |title = Austria-Hungary |author = David Kay |publication-date = 1880 |chapter=Principal Towns: Cracow |chapterurl= http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015030647005?urlappend=%3Bseq=189

}}
  • {{cite book |author= Józef Rostafiński |title=Przewodnik po Krakowie i okolicy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uglDAQAAMAAJ|year=1891 |language=Polish |trans-title=Guide to Kraków |location=Kraków |publisher=

| ref = {{harvid|Rostafiński|1891}}
}}
  • {{Citation

|publisher = J. Reichmann & Cantor |publication-place = Berlin |title = Guide through Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, Switzerland, France, Belgium, Holland and England |author = Norddeutscher Lloyd |publication-date = 1896 |oclc = 8395555 |chapterurl= https://archive.org/stream/guidethroughgerm00nord#page/246/mode/2up |chapter= Cracow
}}
Published in 20th century
  • {{Citation |publisher = W. & R. Chambers |publication-date = 1901 |publication-place = London |title = Chambers's Encyclopaedia |chapterurl= https://archive.org/stream/chamberssency03lond#page/539/mode/1up |chapter= Cracow }}
  • {{cite book

|publisher = J. Murray |publication-place = London
|year=1903
|edition=15th |title=Handbook for Travellers in South Germany and Austria |chapter=Cracow |chapterurl= https://books.google.com/books?id=m_oJAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA234 |via=Google Books
}}
  • {{cite book |title=Catholic Encyclopedia |chapter=Cracow |chapterurl= https://archive.org/stream/catholicencyclop04herbuoft#page/464/mode/2up |location=New York |year=1908 }}
  • {{Citation

|publication-place = New York |title = Encyclopædia Britannica |publication-date = 1910 |oclc = 14782424 |edition=11th |chapterurl =https://archive.org/stream/encyclopaediabrit07chisrich#page/359/mode/1up
|chapter = Cracow
| ref = {{harvid|Britannica|1910}}
}}
  • {{Citation

|publisher = Ward, Lock & Co. |publication-place = London |title = Haydn's Dictionary of Dates |author = Benjamin Vincent |edition = 25th
|publication-date = 1910
|chapter=Cracow |chapterurl = https://archive.org/stream/haydnsdictionary00hayd#page/375/mode/1up
| ref = {{harvid|Haydn|1910}}
}}
  • {{cite book

|title=Austria-Hungary
|year=1911
| edition = 11th | publisher = Karl Baedeker | publication-place = Leipzig
|chapter=Cracow
|chapterurl= https://books.google.com/books?id=Tb04AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA371
| ref = {{harvid|Baedeker|1911}}
}}
  • {{Citation |publisher = T.F. Unwin |publication-place = London |author = {{Interlanguage link multi|Leonard Lepszy|pl|3=Leonard Jan Józef Lepszy}} |url = http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000334853 |title = Cracow, the royal capital of ancient Poland |publication-date = 1912 }}
  • K.Z. Sowa (1984). "The development of Kraków in the nineteenth century against the background of the historic role of the city." (in) B. Hamm and B. Jaowiecki (eds.), Urbanism and human values. Bonn: BFLR, pp. 101–128.
  • {{cite book|editor=Trudy Ring |title=International Dictionary of Historic Places: Northern Europe |year= 1995|publisher=Fitzroy Dearborn |isbn=978-1-136-63944-9 |chapter= Kraków |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=yfPYAQAAQBAJ |page=386

| ref = {{harvid|Ring|1995}}
}}
  • {{cite book

|author= George Lerski |title=Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966-1945
|year=1996
|publisher=Greenwood |isbn=978-0-313-26007-0
|chapter=Cracow
|chapterurl= https://books.google.com/books?id=QTUTqE2difgC&pg=PA89
| ref = {{harvid|Lerski|1996}}
}}
Published in 21st century
  • {{cite journal |title=Significance of European 'Capital of Culture' for Tourism and Culture: The Case of Kraków 2000 |author= Howard Hughes|journal= International Journal of Arts Management |volume= 5 |year= 2003 |jstor= 41064794 |display-authors=etal

| ref = {{harvid|Hughes|2003}}
}}
  • {{Citation

|publisher = Brill |isbn = 9789004180109 |publication-place = Leiden |title = At Europe's Borders: Medieval Towns in the Romanian Principalities |author = Laurențiu Rădvan |others=Translated by Valentin Cîrdei
|publication-date = 2010
|chapter=Towns in the Kingdom of Poland: Wroclaw and Krakow |page=47+ |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=0xNYmFwyCdkC&pg=PA47
}}
  • {{cite book

|editor=Colum Hourihane |title=Grove Encyclopedia of Medieval Art and Architecture
|year=2012
|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-539536-5
|chapter=Krakow |chapterurl= https://books.google.com/books?id=FtlMAgAAQBAJ&pg=RA2-PA569
| ref = {{harvid|Hourihane|2012}}
}}{{refend}}

External links

{{Commons category|Kraków}}{{Kraków}}{{Years in Poland}}{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Timeline of Krakow}}

4 : History of Kraków|Timelines of cities in Poland|Polish history timelines|Years in Poland

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