请输入您要查询的百科知识：

　

词条 Timeline of Madrid
释义

  1. Prior to 17th century

  2. 17th century

  3. 18th century

  4. 19th century

  5. 20th century

  6. 21st century

  7. See also

  8. References

  9. Bibliography

     in English  in other languages 

  10. External links

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Madrid, Spain.

{{Dynamic list}}{{TOC right}}

Prior to 17th century

{{History of Spain}}
  • Prehistory: Quaternary period or Lower Paleolithic- First archaeological signs of human occupation
  • Roman period: mansion or staging-post (Miacum) established
  • 5th century AD – archaeological remains reported in 2007 indicate Visigoth occupation
  • 9th century – Muhammad I of Córdoba ordered the construction of an Alcazar
  • 1085 – Alfonso VI of León and Castile takes the city in the Reconquista.
  • 1339 – Treaty of Madrid secures collaboration between Aragon and Castile
  • 1499 –
    • Cardinal Cisneros founded the Complutense University.
    • Fernando de Rojas publishes La Celestina in Madrid
  • 1500 - Printing press in operation.[1]
  • 1505 – San Jerónimo el Real built.
  • 1526 – Treaty of Madrid signed.
  • 1537 – Casa de Cisneros built.
  • 1559 – Convent of Las Descalzas Reales founded.
  • 1561
    • Court of Philip II moves to Madrid.[2]
    • Population: 20,000.{{cn|date=January 2018}}
  • 1562 - Anton van den Wyngaerde draws a {{Interlanguage link multi|Panorama of Madrid|es|3=Panorama urbano de Madrid}}.
  • 1584 – Bridge of Segovia built.

17th century

  • 1601 – Court of Philip III moves from Madrid to Valladolid.
  • 1605 - Cervantes' novel Don Quixote published.
  • 1606 – Court of Philip III returns to Madrid.
  • 1613 – Palace of the Councils built.
  • 1616 – Real Monasterio de la Encarnación inaugurated.
  • 1619 – Plaza Mayor laid out; Casa de la Panadería built.
  • 1633 – Church of San Antonio de los Alemanes built.
  • 1636 – Royal Alcazar built.
  • 1637 – Buen Retiro Palace built.
  • 1643 – Palacio de Santa Cruz built.{{citation needed|date=June 2015}}
  • 1644 - Funeral of Isabel de Borbón.[3]
  • 1661 – Gazeta de Madrid begins publication.{{sfn|Baedeker|1908}}
  • 1664 – San Isidro Church built.
  • 1672 – Premiere of Guevara–Hidalgo's zarzuela Celos Hacen Estrellas.[4]

18th century

  • 1706 – City occupied by Portuguese.
  • 1713 – Real Academia Española founded.[5]
  • 1714 – Real Biblioteca del Palacio formed.[5]
  • 1734 – Royal Alcazar burns down.
  • 1737 – Real Colegio de Profesores Boticarios established.
  • 1738 – Real Academia de la Historia founded.[5]
  • 1743 – Teatro de la Cruz renovated.
  • 1751 – Compañía Guipuzcoana de Caracas headquartered in Madrid.[5]
  • 1752 – Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando founded.[5]
  • 1755 – Real Jardín Botánico founded.[6]
  • 1756 – {{Interlanguage link multi|Puerta de Recoletos|es}} built.
  • 1766 – Esquilache Riots.
  • 1767 – Buen Retiro Park opens.
  • 1774 – {{Interlanguage link multi|Casa de Fieras del Retiro|es}} (zoo) opens.
  • 1778 – Puerta de Alcalá inaugurated.
  • 1782 – {{Interlanguage link multi|Cibeles Fountain|es|3=Fuente de Cibeles}} built on Plaza de Cibeles.
  • 1784 – San Francisco el Grande Basilica built.
  • 1790 – Plaza Mayor reconstructed.
  • 1798 – Royal Chapel of St. Anthony of La Florida built. Population: 170,000

19th century

  • 1808 – Dos de Mayo Uprising.
  • 1812 – Wellington takes city from the French.
  • 1817 – Moncloa Porcelain Factory in operation.[7]
  • 1819 – Museo del Prado established.
  • 1830
    • Royal Conservatory of Music founded.
    • {{Interlanguage link multi|León Gil de Palacio|es}} creates a scale model of the city.
  • 1831 – Bolsa de Madrid founded.[8]
  • 1832 - Lhardy patisserie in business.[13]
  • 1835 – Ateneo de Madrid founded.
  • 1836
    • Biblioteca Nacional established.[9]
    • Literary University relocates to Madrid.
  • 1840 – Monumento a los Caidos por España inaugurated.
  • 1843 – Museo Naval de Madrid inaugurated.[10]
  • 1850 – Teatro Real opera house opens.
  • 1851 – Estación de Mediodía inaugurated.
  • 1856
    • Teatro de la Zarzuela opens.
    • {{Interlanguage link multi|Escuela Superior de Diplomática|es}} (school) founded.
  • 1864 – Hotel Paris opens.
  • 1866 – Sociedad de Conciertos de Madrid founded.
  • 1867 – National Archaeological Museum of Spain established.
  • 1868 – City walls dismantled.{{sfn|Calvert|1909}}
  • 1869 - Jardín Zoológico established.[11]
  • 1874 – Bull ring constructed on Plaza de Toros.{{sfn|Baedeker|1908}}
  • 1875 – Museo Nacional de Antropología inaugurated.
  • 1877 – Population: 397,816.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
  • 1884 – Cementerio de la Almudena established.
  • 1885
    • Roman Catholic diocese of Madrid established.[12]
    • Theatre of María Guerrero built.
  • 1887
    • Café Comercial in business.
    • Palacio de Cristal built.
    • Population: 472,228.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
  • 1888 – Café Gijón opens.[13]
  • 1892 – Historical American Exposition held.[14]
  • 1893 – Fábrica Nacional de Moneda y Timbre formed.
  • 1900 – Population: 539,835.[15]

20th century

  • 1902 – Real Madrid C.F. (football club) founded.[21]
  • 1903 – Madrid Symphony Orchestra formed.
  • 1905 – Parque del Oeste inaugurated.
  • 1909 – Cibeles Palace built.
  • 1910
    • Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales established.
    • Residencia de Estudiantes founded.
  • 1911
    • Cuatro Vientos Airport opens.
    • Metropolis Building inaugurated.
  • 1912 – Hotel Palace opens.
  • 1916 – Market of San Miguel constructed.
  • 1919 – Metro begins operating.
  • 1920 - Population: 750,896.[22]
  • 1922 – Monument to Alfonso XII inaugurated.
  • 1923 – Teatro Monumental (theatre) built.
  • 1924
    • Line 2 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
    • Hotel Florida opens.
    • National Museum of Romanticism inaugurated.
  • 1925 – Teatro Pavón (theatre) opens.
  • 1928 - Catholic Opus Dei founded.
  • 1929
    • Gran Vía constructed.
    • {{Interlanguage link multi|Cine Avenida|es}} opens.[23]
  • 1930
    • Teatro Munoz Seca (theatre) opens.
    • {{Interlanguage link multi|Cine Barceló|es}} built.[23]
  • 1931
    • City designated capital of Spanish Republic.
    • Airport begins operating.
    • Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation (Spain) headquartered in Madrid.{{citation needed|date=August 2012}}
  • 1932 – Museo Sorolla and Cine Proyecciones (cinema)[23] inaugurated.
  • 1934 – Museum of the Spanish Village formed.
  • 1935 – House-Museum of Lope de Vega and Cine Madrid-Paris (cinema)[23] open.
  • 1936
    • November: Siege of Madrid begins.[16]
    • Line 3 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
  • 1939
    • March: Siege of Madrid ends; Nationalists in power.[2]
    • Capital of Spanish State relocated to Madrid from Burgos.
  • 1940
    • Spanish National Orchestra founded.
    • Population: 1,088,647.[17]
  • 1941 – Museum of the Americas founded.
  • 1944
    • Carabanchel Prison built.
    • Museum Cerralbo opens.
    • Line 4 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
  • 1946 – Estadio Santiago Bernabéu opens.
  • 1949 - Cine Pompeya (cinema) opens.[23]
  • 1950 – Lope de Vega Theater opens.
  • 1951 – Museum of Lázaro Galdiano opens.
  • 1954 - Cine Benlliure (cinema) opens.[18]
  • 1956 - Real Madrid wins first European Cup.[19]
  • 1960 - Population: 2,259,931.[17]
  • 1965 – RTVE Symphony Orchestra formed.
  • 1966 – Estadio Vicente Calderón opens.
  • 1967 – City flag design adopted.
  • 1968
    • Autonomous University of Madrid established.
    • Line 5 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
  • 1969 – Comillas Pontifical University relocates to Madrid.
  • 1970 - Population: 3,146,071.[17]
  • 1971 – Technical University of Madrid formed.
  • 1972
    • Zoo Aquarium built.
    • Temple of Debod installed.
  • 1973 – Operación Ogro.
  • 1974 - Line 7 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
  • 1975 – La Movida Madrileña.
  • 1976 – Torres de Colón built.
  • 1977 – Massacre of Atocha.
  • 1978
    • Sabatini Gardens open.
    • Centro Dramático Nacional created.
  • 1979
    • Line 6 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
    • Windsor Tower built.
  • 1980 - Line 9 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
  • 1981 – Museo de Aeronáutica y Astronáutica founded.
  • 1982 – City hosts 1982 FIFA World Cup.[19]
  • 1983
    • Almudena Cathedral consecrated.
    • November: Avianca Flight 011 accident.
    • December: Alcalá 20 nightclub fire.
  • 1984 – Queen Sofía Chamber Orchestra formed.
  • 1987 – Community of Madrid Orchestra founded.
  • 1988 – National Auditorium of Music inaugurated.
  • 1989 – El Mundo begins publication.
  • 1990 - {{Interlanguage link multi|Editorial Verbum|es}} in business.
  • 1991
    • City hosts Israeli–Palestinian peace conference.
    • Population: 2,984,576.[17]
  • 1992
    • Madrid–Seville high-speed rail line and Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum open.
    • Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía and Juan Carlos I Park established.
  • 1994 – Festimad music festival begins.
  • 1996 – Gate of Europe and Islamic Cultural Center of Madrid built.[20]
  • 1997 – Teatro Real reopens.
  • 1998 - Line 8 (Madrid Metro) and Line 11 (Madrid Metro) begin operating.

21st century

  • 2001 - City named World Book Capital by UNESCO.
  • 2002 – Madrid Arena opens.
  • 2003
    • Alberto Ruiz-Gallardón becomes the new mayor, succeeding José María Álvarez del Manzano.
    • Manzanares Park inaugurated.
    • Line 12 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
  • 2004
    • March: Train bombings.[21]
    • Museo del Traje established.[22]
  • 2005
    • Windsor Tower suffers a major fire and becomes demolished afterwards.
    • June: Demonstration against ETA.[23]
    • Madrid–Toledo high-speed rail line begins operating.
    • Forest of Remembrance dedicated.
    • Madrid Ballet established.
  • 2006
    • Art Madrid contemporary art fair begins.
    • Teatro Valle-Inclán opens.
    • December 30: Airport bombing.[21]
  • 2007 – Metro Ligero begins operating.
  • 2008
    • Madrid–Barcelona high-speed rail line begins operating.
    • Spanair Flight 5022 crash.
    • CaixaForum Madrid opens.
    • Torre PwC, Torre Caja Madrid, Torre de Cristal, and Torre Espacio built.
    • Saturday Night Fiber music festival held.
  • 2009 – Population: 3,264,497.[24]
  • 2011
    • 15-M Movement protests.
    • {{Interlanguage link multi|Parque Madrid Río|es}} inaugurated.[25][26]
    • Ana Botella becomes the new City Mayor after Alberto Ruiz-Gallardón quits.[27]
  • 2012
    • 12 May: Economic protest.[28]
    • November: Anti-austerity protests.[29]
  • 2013 – September: 4th bid for the Summer Olympic Games fails.
  • 2015
    • March: {{Interlanguage link multi|Parque Felipe VI|es|3=Parque forestal de Valdebebas}} inaugurated.[30]
    • 24 May: Madrid City Council election, 2015 held; Manuela Carmena elected mayor.

See also

  • List of mayors of Madrid
  • History of Madrid
  • Madrid capital

References

1. ^{{cite book|author= Henri Bouchot |editor=H. Grevel |title=The book: its printers, illustrators, and binders, from Gutenberg to the present time|year=1890|publisher=H. Grevel & Co. |chapterurl= https://books.google.com/books?id=5ycxAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA367 |chapter=Topographical index of the principal towns where early printing presses were established }}
2. ^1 {{Citation |publisher = G. & C. Merriam Co. |publication-place =USA |title = Webster's Geographical Dictionary |url = http://openlibrary.org/books/OL5812502M/Webster's_geographical_dictionary |publication-date = 1960 |ol=5812502M }}
3. ^{{cite book |title=Exequies and Funeral of Isabel de Borbon, Queen of Spain, at the Real Convento de San Geronimo, Madrid |url=http://special-1.bl.uk/treasures/festivalbooks/BookDetails.aspx?strFest=0156 |publisher=British Library |work=Treasures in Full: Renaissance Festival Books |accessdate=30 November 2014 }}
4. ^{{cite book|editor=Tim Carter and John Butt |title= Cambridge History of Seventeenth-Century Music |year=2005|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-79273-8 |chapter= Chronology |author=Stephen Rose |chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=mHJvKVq0vXoC&pg=PA533 }}
5. ^{{Citation |publisher = Walker & Company |isbn = 9780802713490 |title = The Basque History of the World |author = Mark Kurlansky |publication-date = 1999 }}
6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.bgci.org/garden_search.php?action=Find&ftrCountry=ES |title=Garden Search: Spain |publisher= Botanic Gardens Conservation International |location=London |accessdate=30 June 2015 }}
7. ^{{cite book|editor=Gordon Campbell |title=Grove Encyclopedia of Decorative Arts |year= 2006 |publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-518948-3 }}
8. ^{{cite book|title=International Encyclopedia of the Stock Market|year= 1999|publisher=Fitzroy Dearborn|isbn=978-1-884964-35-0 |chapter=Kingdom of Spain |chapterurl= https://books.google.com/books?id=snJ9TyipILQC&pg=PA972 }}
9. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book|editor=David H. Stam |title=International Dictionary of Library Histories |year=2001|publisher=Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers|location=Chicago |isbn=1579582443 }}
10. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.armada.mde.es/ArmadaPortal/page/Portal/ArmadaEspannola/ciencia_museo/05_Museo--01_historia |title=Naval Museum: Historia |publisher=Armada Española |accessdate=August 11, 2012}}
11. ^{{cite book|editor=Vernon N. Kisling|title=Zoo and Aquarium History|year= 2000|publisher=CRC Press |location=USA |isbn=978-1-4200-3924-5 |chapter=Zoos and Aquariums of the World (chronological list) |chapterurl= https://books.google.com/books?id=dxTrR5nOE0UC&pg=PA369 }}
12. ^{{cite web |title=Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Spain |url= http://www.katolsk.no/organisasjon/verden/chronology/spain |publisher=Oslo katolske bispedømme (Oslo Catholic Diocese) |location=Norway |accessdate=30 June 2015 }}
13. ^1 {{Citation |publisher = Henry Holt |publication-place = New York |title = The Food Chronology |author = James Trager |publication-date = 1995 |ol= 1275146M }}
14. ^{{Citation |publisher = Govt. Print. Office |publication-place = Washington, D.C. |title = Report of the United States commission to the Columbian historical exposition at Madrid, 1892-93 |url = http://openlibrary.org/books/OL23368503M/Report_of_the_United_States_commission_to_the_Columbian_historical_exposition_at_Madrid. |author = United States. Commission to the Madrid exposition, 1892 |publication-date = 1895 }}
15. ^{{cite book |title=Statesman's Year-Book |year=1910 |location=London |publisher= Macmillan and Co.|chapter= Spain |chapterurl= http://hdl.handle.net/2027/njp.32101072368408?urlappend=%3Bseq=1342 }}
16. ^{{cite book|author=Francisco J. Romero Salvadó|title=Historical Dictionary of the Spanish Civil War|year=2013|publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-5784-1 |chapter= Chronology |chapterurl= https://books.google.com/books?id=wsE7Nm9-yDEC&pg=PR21}}
17. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web |url=http://www.ine.es/intercensal/ |accessdate= 30 November 2014 |title=Alterations to the municipalities in the Population Censuses since 1842: Madrid |publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain) }}
18. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web |url= http://cinematreasures.org/theaters/spain/madrid?status=all |title=Movie Theaters in Madrid |work=CinemaTreasures.org |publisher= Cinema Treasures LLC |location=Los Angeles |accessdate= 30 June 2015 }}
19. ^1 2 {{cite book|author=Tom Dunmore|title=Historical Dictionary of Soccer|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9j1wbp2t1usC|year= 2011|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-7188-5}}
20. ^{{cite web |work=ArchNet |url= http://archnet.org/library/places/one-place.jsp?place_id=2374 |title= Madrid }}{{dead link|date=September 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}
21. ^1 {{cite web |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17955805 |title=Timeline |author=BBC News |work=Spain Profile |accessdate=July 27, 2013 }}
22. ^{{cite web |url=http://museodeltraje.mcu.es/index.jsp?id=21&ruta=5 |title=Historia |author=Museo del Traje. Centro de Investigación del Patrimonio Etnológico |publisher=Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte |location=Madrid |accessdate=August 11, 2012 |language= Spanish }}
23. ^{{cite book|author=Angel Smith|title=Historical Dictionary of Spain |year= 2009 |edition=2nd |publisher= Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-6267-8 |chapter=Chronology |chapterurl= https://books.google.com/books?id=IFuxO9NO-voC&pg=PR17 }}
24. ^{{cite web |url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2011.htm |work=Demographic Yearbook 2011 |year=2012 |publisher=United Nations Statistics Division |title=Population of Capital Cities and Cities of 100,000 or More Inhabitants }}
25. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/27/arts/design/in-madrid-even-maybe-the-bronx-parks-replace-freeways.html |title=In Madrid's Heart, Park Blooms Where a Freeway Once Blighted |author=M. Kimmelman |date=December 26, 2011 |work=New York Times |accessdate=August 11, 2012}}
26. ^{{cite web |url=http://walkingbostonian.blogspot.com/2011/12/madrid-rio-highway-tunnel-project.html |title=Madrid Rio: Highway Tunnel Project |date=29 December 2011 |work=Walking Bostonian |via=Blogspot }}
27. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.citymayors.com/mayors/spanish-mayors.html |title=Spanish mayors |location=London |work=City Mayors.com |publisher=City Mayors Foundation |accessdate=29 April 2013}}
28. ^{{cite book|title=Encyclopædia Britannica Book of the Year |year=2013|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jXadAAAAQBAJ|isbn=978-1-62513-103-4}}
29. ^{{cite web |agency=Reuters |date=November 14, 2012 |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2012/11/14/us-eurozone-idUSBRE8AD0UK20121114 |title=Anti-austerity strikes sweep southern Europe |accessdate=November 14, 2012 }}
30. ^{{Citation |title=Un parque con horario nórdico en Valdebebas|work=El Mundo|location=Madrid|date=2015-03-27|url=http://www.elmundo.es/madrid/2015/03/26/5513238fe2704e4d7b8b4576.html?cid=MNOT23801&s_kw=un_parque_con_horario_nordico_en_valdebebas|language=Spanish}}

Bibliography

in English

Published in the 18th-19th century
  • {{Citation |publisher =S. Birt |publication-place = London |author = Thomas Nugent |title = The Grand Tour |publication-date = 1749 |chapter=Madrid |chapterurl= http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015030762580?urlappend=%3Bseq=254 |volume=4 }}
  • {{Citation |publisher = S. Converse |publication-place = New Haven, Connecticut |author1 = Jedidiah Morse |authorlink1=Jedidiah Morse |author2=Richard C. Morse |title = New Universal Gazetteer |publication-date = 1823 |edition= 4th |chapterurl= https://archive.org/stream/newuniversalgaze00morsrich#page/434/mode/2up |chapter= Madrid }}
  • {{Cite book |publisher =William Blackwood |publication-date = 1830 |publication-place = Edinburgh |title = Edinburgh Encyclopædia |editor=David Brewster|chapter=Madrid |chapterurl= https://books.google.com/books?id=h6miHpDMjXEC&pg=PA240 }}
  • {{Citation |publisher = Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, & Green |publication-place = London |volume=VII: Cities and Principal Towns of the World |publication-date = 1830 |oclc = 2665202 |title= Cabinet Cyclopædia |chapter=Madrid |chapterurl=https://archive.org/stream/citiesprincipalt00lond#page/294/mode/2up }}
  • {{Citation |publisher = Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley |publication-place = London |title = Sketches in Spain and Morocco |author = Arthur de Capell Brooke |publication-date = 1831 |oclc = 13783280 |chapterurl=https://archive.org/stream/sketchesinspainm02brok#page/292/mode/2up |chapter= Madrid }}
  • {{Citation |publisher = John Murray |publication-place = London |title = A Handbook for Travellers in Spain |author=Richard Ford |authorlink=Richard Ford (writer) |publication-date = 1855 |edition=3rd |oclc = 2145740 |chapter=Madrid |chapterurl=https://archive.org/stream/ahandbookfortra02fordgoog#page/n211/mode/2up }}
  • {{Citation |publisher = D. Appleton & Company |publication-place = New York |title = Search for Winter Sunbeams in the Riviera, Corsica, Algiers and Spain |author = Samuel Sullivan Cox |publication-date = 1870 |oclc = 1022285 |chapter=Madrid |chapterurl= https://archive.org/stream/searchforwinters00coxs#page/390/mode/2up }}
  • {{Citation |publisher = Adam & Charles Black |publication-place = Edinburgh |editor=John Lomas |title = O'Shea's Guide to Spain and Portugal |publication-date = 1889 |edition=8th |chapterurl=https://archive.org/stream/osheasguidetospa00osherich#page/256/mode/2up |chapter=Madrid }}
Published in the 20th century
  • {{Citation |publisher = Karl Baedeker |publication-place = Leipsic |title = Spain and Portugal: Handbook for Travellers |chapterurl = https://archive.org/stream/spainportugalhan00karlrich#page/50/mode/2up |chapter=Madrid |publication-date = 1908 |oclc = 1581249 |edition=3rd

|ref= {{harvid|Baedeker|1908}}
}}
  • {{Citation |publisher = J. Lane |publication-place = London |title = Madrid |url = http://openlibrary.org/books/OL7014970M/Madrid |author = Albert Frederick Calvert |publication-date = 1909 |oclc = 1598573

|ref= {{harvid|Calvert|1909}}
}}
  • {{cite book |title=Catholic Encyclopedia |chapter=Madrid-Alcala |chapterurl= https://books.google.com/books?id=EFQmf0E7N_EC&pg=PA516 |location=New York |year=1910 }}
  • {{Citation

| title = Encyclopædia Britannica
| publication-place = New York
| publication-date = 1910
| edition=11th
| oclc = 14782424
| via=Internet Archive
| chapter = Madrid
| chapterurl = https://archive.org/stream/encyclopaediabri17chisrich#page/292/mode/2up
| ref = {{harvid|Britannica|1910}}
}}
  • {{Citation |publisher = Grant Richards |publication-place = London |author = Nathaniel Newnham Davis |title = Gourmet's Guide to Europe |publication-date = 1911 |edition=3rd |chapterurl= https://archive.org/stream/gourmetsguidetoe00daviuoft#page/284/mode/2up |chapter=Madrid }}
  • {{cite book|editor=Francis Whiting Halsey |series=Seeing Europe with Famous Authors |year=1914|publisher=Funk & Wagnalls Company |chapter=Madrid |chapterurl= http://hdl.handle.net/2027/nyp.33433006214559?urlappend=%3Bseq=91 |title=Spain and Portugal |volume=9 |via=Hathi Trust }}
  • {{Citation |url = http://openlibrary.org/books/OL7028442M/Madrid |publisher = John Lane |publication-date = 1922 |publication-place = London |title = Madrid: Past and Present |author=Beatrice Erskine }}
  • {{cite book |editor=Trudy Ring |title=Southern Europe |series=International Dictionary of Historic Places |volume=3 |year= 1996 |publisher=Fitzroy Dearborn |oclc=31045650 |chapter=Madrid }}
  • {{Citation |publisher = Pennsylvania State University Press |isbn = 0271015594 |publication-place = USA |title = Madrid 1900 |author = Michael Ugarte |publication-date = 1996 }}
Published in the 21st century
  • {{cite book|editor=Anton Kreukels|title=Metropolitan Governance and Spatial Planning: Comparative Case Studies of European City-Regions |year= 2005|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-49606-8 |chapter=Madrid |chapterurl= https://books.google.com/books?id=R3mBAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA359 |author= J. Maldonado |display-editors=etal}}
  • {{cite book|author= David Gilmour |title=Cities of Spain |year= 2012|publisher=Random House|isbn=978-1-4481-3833-3 |chapter=Madrid }}

in other languages

  • {{cite book |series= {{Interlanguage link multi|Recuerdos y bellezas de España|es}} |language=es |title=Castilla la Nueva |year=1853 |volume=1 |chapter=Madrid |chapterurl= http://hdl.handle.net/2027/ucm.5325879622?urlappend=%3Bseq=35 }}
  • {{Citation |publisher = Julian Peña |author = Eusebio Blasco |url = http://openlibrary.org/books/OL23446308M/Madrid_por_dentro_y_por_fuera_Guia_de_forasteros_incautos |title = Madrid por dentro y por fuera: Guia de forasteros incautos |trans-title=Madrid inside and out: stranger's guide |publication-date = 1873 |oclc = 34689580 |language=Spanish }}
  • {{Citation |publisher = E. Plon et cie |publication-place = Paris |author = Madame d'Aulnoy |url = http://openlibrary.org/books/OL24403114M/La_cour_et_la_ville_de_Madrid_vers_la_fin_du_XVIIe_siècle |title = La cour et la ville de Madrid vers la fin du XVIIe siècle |trans-title=The court and the city of Madrid in the late seventeenth century |publication-date = 1874 |editor=Mme B. Carey |language=French }}
  • {{Citation |publisher = Impr. y Lit. Municipal |publication-place = Madrid |title = Documentos del Archivo General de la villa de Madrid |editor= Timoteo Domingo Palacio |trans-title=Documents from the Archives of the City of Madrid |publication-date = 1888 |language=Spanish }} [https://archive.org/stream/documentosdelarc04madruoft#page/n7/mode/2up v.4]
  • {{cite book |title=Brockhaus' Konversations-Lexikon |location=Leipzig |publisher=Brockhaus |year=1908 |edition=14th |language=German |chapter=Madrid |chapterurl= https://books.google.com/books?id=PiVLAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA441 }}

External links

{{commons category|Madrid}}
  • {{cite web |url=http://maps.bpl.org/id/14636 |year=1702 |title= Madrid, ville considérable de la nouvelle Castille, séjour ordinaire des Roys d'Espagne |author= Nicolas de Fer }} (Map of Madrid)
  • Map of Madrid, 1943
  • Europeana. [https://www.europeana.eu/portal/search.html?query=madrid+spain&rows=96 Items related to Madrid], various dates.
  • Digital Public Library of America. Items related to Madrid, various dates
{{Navboxes
|title=Articles relating to Madrid
|list={{Demolished landmarks in Madrid}}{{Districts of Madrid}}{{Madrid MA}}{{Municipalities in the Community of Madrid}}
}}{{Spain year nav}}{{Coord|40|24|N|3|41|W|region:ES_type:city|display=title}}

4 : History of Madrid|Timelines of cities in Spain|Madrid-related lists|Timelines of capitals
随便看

　

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。

　

Copyright © 2023 OENC.NET All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间：2024/11/14 6:43:59