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词条 Timeline of Nuremberg
释义

  1. Prior to 15th century

  2. 15th–16th centuries

  3. 17th–18th centuries

  4. 19th century

  5. 20th century

  6. 21st century

  7. See also

  8. References

  9. Bibliography

     in English  in German 

  10. External links

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Nuremberg, Germany.

{{Dynamic list}}{{TOC right}}

Prior to 15th century

{{see also|Free Imperial City of Nuremberg}}{{History of Germany}}
  • 1030 – Nuremberg Castle built (approximate date).{{sfn|Townsend|1867}}
  • 1060 – Residence of the burgrave established.[1]
  • 1140 – Monastery of St. Egidius founded.{{sfn|Rée|1905}}
  • 1219 – Nuremberg becomes a Free Imperial City.{{sfn|Townsend|1867}}
  • 1298 – St. Lawrence church built.{{sfn|Townsend|1867}}
  • 1349 – Craftsmen's uprising.
  • 1361 – Frauenkirche (church) built.{{sfn|Townsend|1867}}
  • 1377 – Luginsland Tower construction begins in Castle.
  • 1380 – Nuremberg Charterhouse (monastery) founded.
  • 1382 – Playing cards in use (approximate date).{{sfn|Smoller|1986}}
  • 1390 - Paper mill established by Stromer near city.[1]
  • 1397 - Population: 5,626.

15th–16th centuries

  • 1424 – Imperial Regalia of the Holy Roman Empire relocated to Nuremberg.
  • 1427 – Ownership of Castle transferred to city.
  • 1437 – Black Death.
  • 1445 – Stadtbibliothek (city library) established.[2]
  • 1470 – Anton Koberger printer in business.[3]
  • 1485 - Kuchenmeysterey cookbook published.[4]
  • 1486 – {{Interlanguage link multi|Karlsbrücke (Nürnberg)|de}} (bridge) built.
  • 1488 - Sigmund Meisterlin writes Nürnberger Chronik, a history of the city.
  • 1492 – Martin Behaim creates Erdapfel (geographical globe).
  • 1493 – Schedel's Liber Chronicarum published.
  • 1495 – Artist Albrecht Dürer sets up workshop.
  • 1505
    • City territory expanded per Landshut War of Succession.
    • Clockmaker Peter Henlein active (see Watch 1505)
  • 1519
    • St. Sebaldus Church built.{{sfn|Townsend|1867}}
    • Bratwurstglocklein tavern in business (approximate date).{{sfn|Rée|1905}}
  • 1525 – Protestant Reformation.
  • 1526 – Lutheran Melanchthon's Gymnasium opens.[1]
  • 1532 – City hosts religious Peace of Nuremberg agreement.{{sfn|Townsend|1867}}
  • 1541 - February: Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor visits city.[5]
  • 1550 - St. Martha church in use as a theatre space by meistersinger Sachs.[6]
  • 1561 – April: Celestial phenomenon over Nuremberg.
  • 1583 - {{Interlanguage link multi|Herrenschiesshaus|de|3=Schützengesellschaft (Nürnberg)}} built.
  • 1598 – Fleisch Bridge built over Pegnitz.

17th–18th centuries

  • 1619 – {{Interlanguage link multi|Nürnberger Rathaus|de}} (town hall) rebuilt.{{sfn|Townsend|1867}}
  • 1632 – Siege of Nuremberg.
  • 1662 – Academy of Fine Arts established.
  • 1668 – Simplicissimus (novel) published.[7]
  • 1695 – Pachelbel becomes organist of St. Sebaldus Church.[8]
  • 1718 – St. Egidien Church rebuilt.[9]
  • 1728 – {{Interlanguage link multi|Karlsbrücke (Nürnberg)|de}} (bridge) built.
  • 1750 - Population: 30,000.
  • 1792 – Kunstverein Nürnberg (art association) founded.

19th century

  • 1806 – City becomes part of the Kingdom of Bavaria, per Treaty of Confederation of the Rhine.
  • 1810
    • Catholic parish established.
    • Population: 28,544.
  • 1817 – City becomes part of the Bavarian Rezatkreis district.
  • 1825 – Gostenhof and {{Interlanguage link multi|Johannisfriedhof|de|3=Johannisfriedhof (Nürnberg)}} become part of city.
  • 1833 – New City Theatre built on Lorenzer Platz.
  • 1835 – Bavarian Ludwigsbahn railway (Fürth-Nuremberg) begins operating.[10]
  • 1841 – {{Interlanguage link multi|Eisengießerei Klett & Comp.|de}} engineering firm in business.
  • 1844 – Nürnberg Hauptbahnhof opens.
  • 1852
    • German Museum established.
    • Population: 53,638.
  • 1859 – Nuremberg–Schwandorf railway begins operating.
  • 1861 - Population: 62,797.[11]
  • 1868 – Bayerisches Gewerbemuseum (museum) founded.[14]
  • 1871 – Albrecht Dürer's House museum established.
  • 1875 - Population: 91,018.
  • 1878 – Verein fur Geschichte der Stadt (city history society) active.[14]
  • 1882 – Numismatic Society founded.[14]
  • 1883 – Nuremberg–Cheb railway in operation.
  • 1885 – Schuckert & Co. engineering firm in business.[12]
  • 1889 – Verein von Freunden der Photographie (photo group) founded.[13]
  • 1899
    • Nürnberg Photography Society founded.[13]
    • Railway museum opens.
  • 1900
    • {{Interlanguage link multi|Emil Meßthaler|de}}'s Intimes Theater opens.[14]
    • Population: 261,081.

20th century

  • 1905 – New Staatstheater Nürnberg inaugurated.
  • 1910 - Population: 333,142.
  • 1912 – Nuremberg Zoo opens.[15]
  • 1916 – Palace of Justice built.
  • 1927 – August: 3rd Nazi Party Congress held.
  • 1928 – Frankenstadion (stadium) opens.
  • 1929 – August: 4th Nazi Party Congress held.
  • 1930 - Population: 416,700.
  • 1933 – 30 August-3 September: 5th Nazi Party Congress held; Riefenstahl's Der Sieg des Glaubens filmed.
  • 1934
    • July: 4th Deutsche Kampfspiele (athletic event) held in Frankenstadion.
    • September: 6th Nazi Party Congress held; Riefenstahl's Triumph of the Will filmed.
  • 1937 – Deutsches Stadion construction begins (never completed).
  • 1945
    • 16–20 April: Battle of Nuremberg.
    • October: Nürnberger Nachrichten newspaper begins publication.
    • 20 November: International Military Tribunal against Nazi leaders begins.[16]
  • 1946
    • 9 December: Nuremberg Military Tribunals against Nazi leaders begin.
    • Franconia State Orchestra formed.
  • 1950
    • German Toy Fair begins.
    • Population: 362,459.
  • 1957 – Langwasser development begins.
  • 1959 – St. Egidien Church rebuilt.
  • 1967 – Kunsthalle Nürnberg (art centre) founded.
  • 1968 – City mapped into 10 Statistischen Stadtteilen (statistical districts).[17]
  • 1971 – Nuremberg Toy Museum founded.
  • 1972 – Katzwang becomes part of city.
  • 1987 – Nuremberg S-Bahn S1 metro railway begins operating.
  • 1992 – Nuremberg S-Bahn S2 and S3 metro railway begins operating.
  • 2000 – Neues Museum Nürnberg opens.

21st century

  • 2002 – Ulrich Maly becomes mayor.[18]
  • 2010 – Nuremberg S-Bahn S4 metro railway begins operating.
  • 2012 – Population: 495,121.

See also

  • {{Interlanguage link multi|History of Nuremberg|de|Geschichte der Stadt Nürnberg|display=1}}
  • List of mayors of Nuremberg
  • Free Imperial City of Nuremberg, 1219-1806
  • {{Interlanguage link multi|List of districts of Nuremberg|de|3=Liste der Stadtbezirke und statistischen Bezirke von Nürnberg}}
  • Art and architecture of Nuremberg (in German)
  • Timelines of other cities in the state of Bavaria: Augsburg, Munich, Würzburg

References

1. ^{{cite book|author=Dard Hunter|title=Papermaking: The History and Technique of an Ancient Craft|year=1978|publisher=Dover|isbn=978-0-486-23619-3 |chapter=Chronology |chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=1sEp3rtK994C&pg=PA475 }}
2. ^{{Citation |publisher = H.W. Schmidt |publication-place = Halle |title = Handbuch Deutscher Bibliotheken |author = Julius Petzholdt |language=German |publication-date = 1853 |oclc = 8363581 |chapter= Nürnberg |chapterurl= https://archive.org/stream/handbuchdeutsch01petzgoog#page/n295/mode/1up }}
3. ^{{cite book|author= Henri Bouchot |editor=H. Grevel |location=London |title=The book: its printers, illustrators, and binders, from Gutenberg to the present time|year=1890|publisher=H. Grevel & Co. |chapterurl= https://books.google.com/books?id=5ycxAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA367 |chapter=Topographical index of the principal towns where early printing presses were established }}
4. ^{{cite book|author=Melitta Weiss Adamson|title=Food in Medieval Times |year= 2004|publisher=Greenwood |isbn=978-0-313-32147-4 |chapter=Timeline |chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=jtgud2P-EGwC&pg=PR9 }}
5. ^{{cite web |url= http://special-1.bl.uk/treasures/festivalbooks/BookDetails.aspx?strFest=0099 |title= Entry of Charles V into Nuremberg (Nuremberg: 16th February, 1541) |work=Treasures in Full: Renaissance Festival Books |publisher=British Library |accessdate=30 August 2014 }}
6. ^{{cite book|author= William Grange |title=Historical Dictionary of German Theater |year= 2006|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-6489-4 |chapter=Chronology |chapterurl= https://books.google.com/books?id=WetnNgbRXDoC&pg=PR13 }}
7. ^{{cite book|editor=Manfred H. Grieb|title=Nürnberger Künstlerlexikon |year=2007|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|isbn=978-3-11-091296-8 |language=German }}
8. ^{{cite book|editor=Tim Carter and John Butt |title= Cambridge History of Seventeenth-Century Music |year=2005|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-79273-8 |chapter= Chronology |author=Stephen Rose |chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=mHJvKVq0vXoC&pg=PA533 }}
9. ^1 2 {{cite book |title=Geography |volume=3 |series=English Cyclopaedia |editor=Charles Knight |location=London |year=1866 |publisher=Bradbury, Evans, & Co. |chapterurl= http://hdl.handle.net/2027/nyp.33433000064802?urlappend=%3Bseq=543 |chapter=Nürnberg }}
10. ^{{cite book|author= Ernest F. Henderson |title=A Short History of Germany |year=1937 |via=HathiTrust |publisher=Macmillan |location=New York |chapter= Chronological Table: 1658-1914 |chapterurl= http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.b3851058?urlappend=%3Bseq=1159 }}
11. ^{{cite book|author=Georg Friedrich Kolb |language=German |title=Grundriss der Statistik der Völkerzustands- und Staatenkunde |year=1862 |location=Leipzig |publisher=A. Förstnersche Buchhandlung |chapter=Deutschland: Bayern |chapterurl= https://books.google.com/books?id=QkBVAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA52 }}
12. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.siemens.com/history/en/news/1111_ssw.htm |title=Siemens History: Siemens-Schuckertwerke |publisher=Siemens AG |accessdate=3 December 2013}}
13. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book|author=Königliche Museen zu Berlin|title=Kunsthandbuch für Deutschland |url= https://archive.org/stream/kunsthandbuchfr00berlgoog |edition=6th |language=German |year=1904|publisher=Georg Reimer}}
14. ^{{cite book |location=Berlin |title=Neuer Theater-Almanach |year=1908|publisher=F.A. Günther & Sohn |language=German |url= http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uva.x030515382?urlappend=%3Bseq=1 }}
15. ^{{cite book|editor=Vernon N. Kisling|title=Zoo and Aquarium History|year= 2000|publisher=CRC Press |location=USA |isbn=978-1-4200-3924-5 |chapter=Zoological Gardens of Germany (chronological list) |chapterurl= https://books.google.com/books?id=dxTrR5nOE0UC&pg=PA372 }}
16. ^{{cite book|title= New York Times Book of World War II 1939-1945|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZVdpAwAAQBAJ|year= 2013|publisher=Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers |location=USA |editor= Richard Overy |isbn=978-1-60376-377-6}}
17. ^{{cite web |url=http://archiv.statistik.nuernberg.de/geoinf/va_kg.htm |title=Kleinräumige Gliederung Nürnberg |work=Virtueller Atlas Nürnberg |language=German |publisher=Stadt Nürnberg |accessdate=3 December 2013}}
18. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.citymayors.com/mayors/german-mayors.html |title=German mayors |location=London |work=City Mayors.com |publisher=City Mayors Foundation |accessdate=3 December 2013}}

This article incorporates information from the Dutch Wikipedia and German Wikipedia.

Bibliography

{{Refbegin}}

in English

Published in the 18th-19th century
  • {{Citation |publisher =S. Birt |publication-place = London |author = Thomas Nugent |title = The Grand Tour |publication-date = 1749 |chapter=Nurenberg |chapterurl= http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015030762572?urlappend=%3Bseq=281 |volume=2: Germany and Holland }}
  • {{Citation |publisher = John Noon |publication-place = London |author = Monsieur de Blainville |title = Travels through Holland, Germany, Switzerland, but especially Italy |publication-date = 1757 |others=Translated by Turnbull |chapter=Nuremburg |chapterurl= https://archive.org/stream/travelsthroughho01blai#page/190/mode/2up }}
  • {{Citation |publisher = J.F.C. Rivington |publication-place = London |author = Richard Brookes |authorlink=Richard Brookes |title = The General Gazetteer |edition=6th |publication-date = 1786 |chapterurl=https://archive.org/stream/generalgazetteer00broouoft#page/n455/mode/2up |chapter=Nuremberg }}
  • {{cite book |title=Edinburgh Encyclopædia |editor= David Brewster |location=Philadelphia |publisher= Joseph and Edward Parker |year= 1832 |chapter=Nuremberg |chapterurl=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t2x352b0z?urlappend=%3Bseq=576 }}
  • {{Citation |title = Leigh's New Descriptive Road Book of Germany |publication-date = 1837 |location=London |publisher=Leigh and Son |chapter= Nuremberg |chapterurl= https://archive.org/stream/leighsnewdescri00leiggoog#page/n152/mode/2up }}
  • {{Citation |publisher = R. Bentley |publication-place = London |author = Henry John Whitling |url = http://openlibrary.org/books/OL23403092M/Pictures_of_Nuremberg |title = Pictures of Nuremberg |publication-date = 1850 }}
  • {{cite book |location=Brighton, England |publisher=Robert Folthorp |author=Charles Tylor |title=A historical tour in Franconia, in the summer of 1852 |year=1852 |chapter=(Nuremberg) |chapterurl =https://books.google.com/books?id=BFsBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA92

}}
  • {{Citation |publisher = Routledge, Warne, & Routledge |publication-place = London |author = Theodore Alois Buckley |title = Great Cities of the Middle Ages |edition=2nd |publication-date = 1862 |chapter= Nuremberg |chapterurl= https://archive.org/stream/greatcitiesofmid00buck#page/395/mode/2up

}}
  • {{Citation

|publisher = Frederick Warne & Co. |publication-place = London |author = George Henry Townsend |title = A Manual of Dates
|publication-date = 1867
|edition=2nd |chapter=Nuremberg |chapterurl= https://archive.org/stream/manualofdatesdic00townrich#page/719/mode/1up
| ref = {{harvid|Townsend|1867}}
}}
  • {{Citation |publisher = Karl Baedeker |title = Southern Germany and Austria |publication-place = Coblenz |edition = 2nd |publication-date = 1871 |oclc = 4090237 |chapterurl = https://archive.org/stream/southerngermany10firgoog#page/n72/mode/2up |chapter= Nuremberg }}
  • {{Citation |publisher = Harper & Brothers |publication-place = New York |author = W. Pembroke Fetridge |authorlink = William Pembroke Fetridge |title = Harper's Hand-book for Travellers in Europe and the East |publication-date = 1881 |chapterurl = https://archive.org/stream/americantravell05unkngoog#page/n142/mode/2up |chapter= Nuremberg }}
  • {{Citation |publisher = D. Appleton & Co. |publication-place = New York |title = Appletons' European Guide Book |publication-date = 1888 |chapter=Nuremberg |chapterurl=https://archive.org/stream/appletonseurope02unkngoog#page/n240/mode/2up }}
  • {{Citation |publisher = J. Reichmann & Cantor |publication-place = Berlin |title = Guide through Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, Switzerland, France, Belgium, Holland and England |author = Norddeutscher Lloyd |publication-date = 1896 |oclc = 8395555 |chapterurl= https://archive.org/stream/guidethroughgerm00nord#page/146/mode/2up |chapter= Nuremberg }}
  • {{Citation |publication-date = 1898 |title = Bradshaw's Illustrated Hand-book to Germany and Austria |publication-place = London |publisher = W.J. Adams & Sons |chapter=Nuremberg |chapterurl= https://archive.org/stream/bradshawsillust07bradgoog#page/n202/mode/2up }}
  • {{Citation |publisher = J.M. Dent & Co. |publication-place = London |title = The Story of Nuremberg |url = http://openlibrary.org/books/OL6903352M/The_story_of_Nuremberg |author = Cecil Headlam |publication-date = 1900 |oclc = 1135511 }}
  • {{cite book |title=Schrag's new handy guide to Nuremberg|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uZJMAAAAMAAJ|year=1900 |edition=4th |publisher=J.L. Schrag |location=Nuremberg

}}
Published in the 20th century
  • {{cite book |publisher = J. Murray |publication-place = London |year=1903 |edition=15th |title=Handbook for Travellers in South Germany and Austria |chapter=Nuremberg |chapterurl= https://archive.org/stream/ahandbookfortra05firgoog#page/n114/mode/2up

}} ([https://archive.org/stream/ahandbookfortra05unkngoog#page/n104/mode/1up 1863 ed.])

  • {{Citation |publisher = A. Siegle |publication-place = London |author=Hermann Uhde-Bernays |url = http://openlibrary.org/books/OL7160240M/Nuremberg |title = Nuremberg |publication-date = 1904

}}
  • {{Citation |publisher = Adam and Charles Black |publication-place = London |author = Mrs. Arthur G. Bell |url = http://openlibrary.org/books/OL17933549M/Nuremberg |title = Nuremberg |publication-date = 1905

}}
  • {{Citation

|publisher = Grevel |publication-place = London
|title = Nuremberg and Its Art to the End of the 18th Century
|url =https://archive.org/stream/nurembergitsartt00reuoft#page/n3/mode/2up
|author = Paul Johannes Rée |publication-date = 1905
| ref = {{harvid|Rée|1905}}
}}
  • {{Citation |publication-place = New York |title = The Encyclopædia Britannica |chapterurl = https://archive.org/stream/encyclopaediabri19chisrich#page/912/mode/2up |chapter= Nuremberg |publication-date = 1910 |oclc = 14782424 |edition=11th }}
  • {{cite book |url= http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/009324009 |title=Nuremberg and Rothenburg on the Tauber |year=1911 |series = Grieben's Guide Books |location=Berlin }}
  • {{Citation

|publisher = Grant Richards |publication-place = London |author = Nathaniel Newnham Davis |title = The Gourmet's Guide to Europe
|publication-date = 1911
|edition=3rd |chapterurl= https://archive.org/stream/gourmetsguidetoe00daviuoft#page/186/mode/2up |chapter= Nuremburg
}}
  • {{cite book|editor=Francis Whiting Halsey |series=Seeing Europe with Famous Authors |year=1914|publisher=Funk & Wagnalls Company |title=Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Switzerland |volume=5 |via=Hathi Trust |url= http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/003345383 |chapter=Nuremberg }}
  • {{Citation

|publisher = Indiana University Press |isbn = 0253341493 |publication-place = Bloomington |title = Nuremberg in the sixteenth century |author = Gerald Strauss
|publication-date = 1976
}}
  • {{cite journal

|title=Playing Cards and Popular Culture in Sixteenth-Century Nuremberg |author= Laura A. Smoller |journal= Sixteenth Century Journal |volume= 17
|year= 1986
|jstor=2540255
| ref = {{harvid|Smoller|1986}}
}}
  • {{cite journal

|title=Wagner's Nuremberg |author= Stewart Spencer |journal= Cambridge Opera Journal |volume= 4
|year= 1992
|jstor=823774
}}
Published in the 21st century
  • {{cite book

|editor=John M. Jeep
|title=Medieval Germany: an Encyclopedia
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p4uHav3mZLsC
|year= 2001
|publisher=Garland Publishing |isbn=0-8240-7644-3
|chapter= Nuremberg
|pages=
}}

in German

  • {{cite book |title=Topographia Franconiae |year= 1648 |series=Topographia Germaniae |location=Frankfurt |chapter=Nürnberg |chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=RnJOAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA65 |language=German |pages=65–78 |author1=Matthäus Merian |author2= Martin Zeiler }}
  • {{cite book|author=Johann Christoph Jakob Wilder|title=Nürnberg: Eine gedrängte Zusammenstelllung seiner Merkwürdigkeiten |trans-title=Nuremberg: a Concise Compiliation of its Places of Interest |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vqlBAAAAcAAJ|year=1827 |language=German}}
  • {{cite book|author1=Carl Mainberger|author2=Johannes Scharrer|title=Eine Woche in Nürnberg: Kurzgefaßte Beschreibung der Stadt Nürnberg und ihrer Umgebungen |trans-title=A week in Nuremberg: brief description of the city of Nuremberg and its surroundings |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=extBAAAAcAAJ

|year=1837
|publisher=Riegel und Wießner |location=Nurnberg |edition=2nd }}
  • {{cite book

|series=Die Chroniken der Deutschen Städte |title=Nürnberg |volume= 1-3, 10-11 |location=Leipzig |publisher=S. Hirzel Verlag
|year=1862–1874
|language=German |url= http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/005973313 |via=HathiTrust
}}
  • {{cite book

|author=Friedrich Wilhelm Ghillany|title=Nürnberg: historisch und topographisch |trans-title=Nuremberg: historical and topographical |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Md5TAAAAcAAJ
|year=1863
|publisher=Georg Franz |location=Munich |language=German
}}
  • {{cite book

|author=Johannes Wanschka|title=Adreß-Buch für die Stadt Nürnberg |language=German |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_exBAAAAcAAJ|year=1870|publisher=Bieling |location=Nürnberg
}}
  • {{cite book

|title=Nürnberg-Fürther Industrie-Almanach |trans-title=Nuremberg-Furth Business Almanac |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=omhBAAAAcAAJ
|year=1870
|publisher=Jacob Sichling |location=Nürnberg |language=German
}}
  • {{cite book

|editor=P. Krauss und E. Uetrecht
|title=Meyers Deutscher Städteatlas |trans-title=Meyer's Atlas of German Cities
|year=1913
|publisher=Bibliographisches Institut
|location=Leipzig
|language=German
|url=http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/009018394
|chapter= Nurnberg
}}
  • {{cite book

|editor1= Wolfgang Adam |editor2=Siegrid Westphal
|title= Handbuch kultureller Zentren der Frühen Neuzeit: Städte und Residenzen im alten deutschen Sprachraum
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=spvoBQAAQBAJ
|year= 2012
|publisher=De Gruyter|isbn=978-3-11-029555-9 |language=de
|chapter= Nurnberg
|pages= 1569+ |author=
| ref = {{harvid|Adam|2012}}
}}{{refend}}

External links

{{Commons category|Nuremberg}}
  • Links to fulltext [https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/Adressbücher#N city directories for Nuremburg] via Wikisource
  • Europeana. [https://www.europeana.eu/portal/search.html?query=nuremberg&rows=96 Items related to Nuremberg], various dates.
{{Germany year nav}}

2 : History of Nuremberg|Timelines of cities in Germany
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