| 词条 | Toktar Aubakirov |
| 释义 |
| name = | image = Stamp of Kazakhstan 276.jpg | caption = Toktar Aubakirov on a 1999 stamp of Kazakhstan | type = Cosmonaut | status = Retired | nationality = Kazakh | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1946|7|27|df=y}} | birth_place = Karaganda, Kazakh SSR, Soviet Union | occupation = Test pilot | rank = Major General | selection = 1991 Cosmonaut Group | time = 7d 22h 12m | mission = Soyuz TM-13, Soyuz TM-12 | insignia = | awards = Hero of the Kazakhstan Hero of the Soviet Union }} Toktar Ongarbayuly Aubakirov ({{lang-kk|Тоқтар Оңғарбайұлы Әубәкіров}}, {{lang-ru|Токтар Онгарбаевич Аубакиров}}, born on 27 July 1946) is a retired Kazakh Air Force officer and a former cosmonaut. Early lifeToktar Aubakirov was born in Karkaraly district, Karaganda region, Kazakh SSR, which is now Kazakhstan. After graduating from the 8th grade of a secondary school he started working as a metal turner at the Temirtau foundry, whilst attending an evening school. In 1965 he joined the Armavir Military Aviation Institute of the Anti-Air Defence Pilots. He served as a fighter pilot in the Soviet Air Force on the Far East borders of the USSR until his acceptance into the M. Gromov Test Pilot's School in 1975. Test pilot careerBetween 1976 and 1991 he served as a test pilot at the Mikoyan Experimental Design Bureau (MiG aircraft). During this time he tested over 50 types of aircraft. The first in the Soviet Union to make a nonstop flight crossing the North Pole and with two in-flight refueling, the first in the Soviet Union who took off of the aircraft-carrier Tbilisi (later named Kuznetsov) on a MiG 29K. Spaceflight experienceIn 1991, in accordance with an agreement between the governments of the USSR and the Kazakh SSR, started training at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center. On 2 October 1991 he launched with Russian cosmonaut Alexander Volkov as flight commander, and the Austrian research cosmonaut Franz Viehböck in Soyuz TM-13 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome spaceport, and spent over eight days in space. CareerSince 1993, he has been the general director of the National Aerospace Agency of Republic of Kazakhstan. He was a member of the Kazakhstan parliament. Now he is a pensioner and consultant. FamilyToktar Aubakirov is married to Tatyana Aubakirova. They have two children: Timur (born in 1977) and Mikhail (born in 1982). Awards and honors
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13 : 1946 births|Living people|Kazakhstani Soviet cosmonauts|People from Karaganda|Muslim cosmonauts|Soviet cosmonauts|Soviet Air Force officers|Heroes of the Soviet Union|Recipients of the Order of Lenin|Heroes of Kazakhstan|Recipients of the Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria|Recipients of the Medal "For Merit in Space Exploration"|Soviet test pilots |
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