请输入您要查询的百科知识：

　

词条 Timeline of women lawyers in the United States
释义

  1. See also

  2. References

This is a short timeline of women lawyers in the United States. Much more information on the subject can be found at: List of first women lawyers and judges in the United States

  • 1869 – Arabella Mansfield became the first female lawyer in the United States when she was admitted to the Iowa bar.[1]
  • 1870 – Ada Kepley became the first woman to graduate from law school in the United States; she graduated from Chicago University Law School, predecessor to Union College of Law, later known as Northwestern University School of Law.[2]
  • 1872 – Charlotte E. Ray became the first African-American female lawyer in the United States.[3]
  • 1873 - Bradwell v. State of Illinois, 83 U.S. 130 (1873), was a United States Supreme Court case that solidified the narrow reading of the Privileges or Immunities Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, and determined that the right to practice a profession was not among these privileges. The case is also notable for being an early 14th Amendment challenge to sex discrimination in the United States. In this case the United States Supreme Court held that Illinois constitutionally denied law licenses to women, because the right to practice law was not one of the privileges and immunities guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment. The Illinois Supreme Court affirmed.
  • 1879: A law was enacted allowing qualified female attorneys to practice in any federal court in the United States.[3]
  • 1879 – Belva Lockwood became the first woman to argue before the United States Supreme Court.[4]
  • 1899 – The National Association of Women Lawyers, originally called the Women Lawyers' Club, was founded by a group of 18 women lawyers in New York City.[5]
  • 1918 – Judge Mary Belle Grossman and Mary Florence Lathrop became the first two female lawyers admitted to the American Bar Association.[5]
  • 1922 – Florence E. Allen became the first woman ever elected to a state supreme court (specifically, the Ohio Supreme Court).[6]
  • 1922 – Florence King became the first woman to argue a patent case before the U.S. Supreme Court.[7]
  • 1923 – Florence King became the first woman to win a case before the U.S. Supreme Court in 1923 (Crown v. Nye).[7]
  • 1928 – Genevieve Cline won U.S. Senate confirmation on May 25, 1928 as a judge of the United States Customs Court (now known as the Court of International Trade), received her commission on May 26, 1928, and took her oath of office in the Cleveland Federal Building on June 5, 1928,[8] thus becoming the first American woman ever appointed to the federal bench.[9]
  • 1965 – Lorna E. Lockwood became the first woman chief justice of any state (specifically, she was chief justice of Arizona).[10]
  • 1970 – Doris Brin Walker became the first female president of the National Lawyers Guild.[11]
  • 1971 - Barring women from practicing law was prohibited in the U.S.[12]
  • 1981 – Sandra Day O'Connor became the first woman to serve as a justice of the United States Supreme Court.[13]
  • 1981 – Arnette Hubbard became the first female president of the National Bar Association.[14][15]
  • 1984 - In Hishon v. King & Spaulding (1984) the Supreme Court ruled that Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 bans discrimination by employers in the context of any contractual employer/employee relationship, including but not limited to law partnerships.[16]
  • 1988 – Juanita Kidd Stout was appointed to the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, thus becoming the first African-American woman to serve on a state's highest court.[5]
  • 1995 – Roberta Cooper Ramo became the first female president of the American Bar Association.[17]
  • 2008 – Roberta Cooper Ramo became the first female president of the American Law Institute.[17]

See also

  • First women lawyers in the United States
  • List of first women lawyers and judges by nationality
  • List of first women lawyers and judges in the United States
  • Timeline of women lawyers
  • Women in law

References

1. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CUt7wo0GJPcC&pg=PA400|title=Philosophical Interventions: Book Reviews 1986-2011|author=Martha C. Nussbaum|first=|date=|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2012|isbn=9780199777853|location=New York|pages=400|lccn=2011012606}}
2. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.law.northwestern.edu/ard/profiles/index.html?page=details&id=45|title=Northwestern Law Alumni Profiles|last=|first=|date=|website=Pritzker School of Law|publisher=Northwestern University|archive-url=https://perma.cc/4T9D-8W7G|archive-date=17 July 2018|dead-url=no|access-date=17 July 2018}}
3. ^{{cite book|author=Brian Burns|title=Gilded Age Richmond: Gaiety, Greed & Lost Cause Mania|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zuJKDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA108|year=2017|publisher=Arcadia Publishing|isbn=978-1-62585-851-1|pages=108–}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www1.cuny.edu/portal_ur/content/womens_leadership/milestones/|title=Milestones in Women's Leadership in American History|last=|first=|date=|website=Women's Leadership in American History|publisher=City University of New York|archive-url=https://perma.cc/H88B-T9RT|archive-date=17 July 2018|dead-url=no|accessdate=15 May 2015}}
5. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://www.nawl.org/p/cm/ld/fid=20|title=NAWL History|last=|first=|date=|website=National Association of Women Lawyers|publisher=|archive-url=https://perma.cc/5YC4-LG5S|archive-date=17 July 2018|dead-url=no|accessdate=16 May 2015}}
6. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.starbeacon.com/judge-florence-allen-first-female-justice-of-a-state-supreme/article_55de4a3b-72dd-5dcf-abf1-4ea52c158b01.html|title=Judge Florence Allen: First Female Justice of a State Supreme Court|last=Feather|first=Carl E.|date=25 July 2014|work=Star Beacon|access-date=15 May 2015|archive-url=https://perma.cc/P7QZ-U3M6|archive-date=17 July 2018|dead-url=no}}
7. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://wlh.law.stanford.edu/biography_search/biopage/?woman_lawyer_id=10507|title=King, Florence Embry|last=|first=|date=|website=Women's Legal History Biography Project|publisher=Stanford University|archive-url=https://perma.cc/LBW6-96CH|archive-date=17 July 2018|dead-url=no|accessdate=22 March 2015}}
8. ^William Ganson Rose. (1990) Cleveland: the Making of a City. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press. p. 854. {{ISBN|0873384288}}. {{LCCN|90004853}}.
9. ^Jo Freeman. (2002). A Room at a Time: How Women Entered Party Politics. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 216. {{ISBN|0847698041}}. {{LCCN|99030542}}.
10. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y-nXqdbBzrkC&pg=PA129|title=Politics and Public Policy in Arizona|last=|first=|publisher=Praeger|year=2002|isbn=9780275971182|editor-last=Smith|editor-first=Zachary A.|location=Westport, Connecticut|pages=129|lccn=2002025318}}
11. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q5zlCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA31|title=Progressive Lawyers under Siege: Moral Panic during the McCarthy Years|author1=Wark|first=Colin|author2=Galliher|first2=John F.|publisher=Lexington Books|year=2015|isbn=9780739195611|location=Lanham|pages=31|lccn=2015002893}}
12. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.wcpo.com/news/state/state-ohio/nettie-and-florence-cronise-ohios-first-female-lawyers-honored-in-tiffin|deadurl=yes|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111170317/http://www.wcpo.com/news/state/state-ohio/nettie-and-florence-cronise-ohios-first-female-lawyers-honored-in-tiffin|archive-date=11 November 2013|title=Nettie and Florence Cronise, Ohio's first female lawyers, honored in Tiffin|date=10 November 2013|agency=Associated Press}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.oconnorhouse.org/oconnor/biography.php|title=Sandra Day O'Connor Biography|date=1930-03-26|website=Sandra Day O'Connor Institute|publisher=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708194141/http://www.oconnorhouse.org/oconnor/biography.php|archive-date=8 July 2016|dead-url=yes|accessdate=16 May 2015}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=https://aaregistry.org/story/first-woman-president-of-national-bar-association-installed/|title=First Woman President of National Bar Association Installed|last=|first=|date=31 July 1981|website=African American Registry|archiveurl=https://perma.cc/EVY2-8TSJ|archivedate=18 July 2018|dead-url=no|accessdate=12 May 2015}}
15. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SWkZcMMTt_MC&pg=PA308|title=Bus Ride to Justice: Changing the System by the System : the Life and Works of Fred D. Gray, Preacher, Attorney, Politician|author=Gray|first=Fred D.|publisher=NewSouth Books|year=2002|isbn=1881320235|location=Montgomery, AL|pages=308|lccn=94041805}}
16. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.casebriefs.com/blog/law/ethics/ethics-keyed-to-hazard/the-structure-of-legal-practice/hishon-v-king-spaulding/ |title=Hishon v. King & Spaulding |publisher=Casebriefs |date=1984-05-22 |accessdate=2018-08-02}}
17. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.lclark.edu/live/news/5705-law-school-commencement|title=Law School Commencement|last=|first=|date=29 May 2010|website=Featured Events|publisher=Lewis & Clark College|archive-url=https://perma.cc/AT4U-NYVQ|archive-date=18 July 2018|dead-url=no|accessdate=16 May 2015}}

4 : History of women in the United States|United States history timelines|Women in history|Timelines of women in history
随便看

　

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。

　

Copyright © 2023 OENC.NET All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间：2024/11/11 18:52:17