| 词条 | Tom Cole | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Tom Cole | office = Ranking Member of the House Rules Committee | image = Tom Cole official congressional photo.jpg | predecessor = Jim McGovern | successor = | governor2 = Frank Keating | office2 = 26th Secretary of State of Oklahoma | predecessor2 = Glo Henley | party = Republican | district1 = {{ushr|OK|4|4th}} | predecessor1 = J. C. Watts | state1 = Oklahoma | successor1 = | successor2 = Mike Hunter | birth_name = Thomas Jeffery Cole | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1949|4|28}} | birth_place = Shreveport, Louisiana, U.S. | death_date = | death_place = | spouse = Ellen Cole | children = 1 son | term_start = January 3, 2019 | term_end = | term_start1 = January 3, 2003 | term_end1 = | term_start2 = January 9, 1995 | term_end2 = March 16, 1999 | education = Grinnell College (BA) Yale University (MA) University of Oklahoma (PhD) }} Thomas Jeffery Cole (born April 28, 1949) is the U.S. Representative for {{ushr|OK|4}}, serving since 2003. He is a member of the Republican Party. He is a Deputy Minority Whip. The chairman of the National Republican Congressional Committee (NRCC) from 2006 to 2008, he was, during his tenure, the fourth-ranking Republican leader in the House. Cole – a member of the Chickasaw Nation – is one of only four registered Native Americans in Congress, the other being fellow Oklahoma Republican Markwayne Mullin and Democrats Sharice Davids of Kansas and Deb Haaland of New Mexico. Early life, education, and educating careerCole was born in Shreveport, Louisiana, the son of Helen Te Ata (née Gale) and John D. Cole.[1] He is a fifth-generation Oklahoman, having been raised in Moore, halfway between Oklahoma City and Norman. He graduated from Grinnell College in 1971 with a B.A. in history. His postgraduate degrees include an M.A. from Yale University (1974) and a Ph.D. from the University of Oklahoma (1984), both in British history. Cole's Ph.D. thesis was entitled Life and Labor in the Isle of Dogs: The Origins and Evolution of an East London Working-Class Community, 1800–1980. Cole did research abroad as a Thomas J. Watson Fellow and was a Fulbright Fellow (1977–78) at the University of London. He was a college professor in history and politics before becoming a politician. Early political careerFollowing his mother Helen, who served as a state representative and senator, Cole served in the Oklahoma Senate from 1988 to 1991, resigning mid-term to become Executive Director of the National Republican Congressional Committee. From 1995 to 1999, he was Oklahoma's Secretary of State under Governor Frank Keating, and assisted with the recovery efforts following the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing. He resigned to become chief of staff to the Republican National Committee.[2][3] He also served as Chairman of the Oklahoma Republican Party for much of the 1980s. Cole has been heavily involved in national politics as well, having served both as Executive Director of the NRCC and as Chief of Staff of the Republican National Committee (RNC). Cole spent two years working as a paid consultant for the United States Chamber of Commerce, but his primary involvement in politics was as a political consultant for candidates. Along with partners Sharon Hargrave Caldwell and Deby Snodgrass, his firm (Cole, Hargrave, Snodgrass and Associates) played a large part in the reconstruction of Oklahoma's political landscape, and backed a number of candidates that took office during the Republican Revolution of 1994. Among their clients have been Keating, J.C. Watts, Tom Coburn, Frank Lucas, Mary Fallin, Wes Watkins, Steve Largent, former Mississippi congressman Chip Pickering, and Hawaii governor Linda Lingle. U.S. House of RepresentativesElectionsDuring his initial campaign for the House of Representatives in 2002, Cole received the endorsement of Watts, the popular outgoing congressman. This helped him win a hard-fought general election over Democratic nominee and former Oklahoma State Senator Darryl Roberts, taking 53.8 percent of the vote to Roberts' 46.1 percent. Cole has never faced another contest anywhere near that close, and has been reelected eight times. The Democrats didn't even put up a candidate in 2004 and 2010. TenureFollowing the 2006 election cycle, the members of the House Republican Conference elected Cole to the post of NRCC Chairman, placing him in charge of national efforts to assist Republican candidates for Congress. His voting record during his nine years in the House marks Cole as a solid conservative with occasional libertarian sympathies. He has consistently voted anti-abortion and pro-business positions, and established himself as a supporter of free trade, gun rights, the military, veterans, and American Indian issues. He favors loosening immigration restrictions and imposing stricter limits on campaign funds. In 2012, he sponsored H.R. 5912 which would prohibit public funds from being used for political party conventions. This legislation passed the House in September but awaits action by the Senate.[4] In June 2013, after another failure of the United States farm bill in Congress, Cole called the failure of the legislation inexcusable. His district in Oklahoma includes some of the state's farming communities, and if the Farm Bill passed, it would have saved $40 billion over a ten-year period.[5] As Chairman of the House Appropriations Subcommittee on the Legislative Branch, Cole was responsible for introducing the Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 2015 (H.R. 4487; 113th Congress).[6] The bill would appropriate $3.3 billion to the legislative branch for FY 2015, which is approximately the same amount it received in FY 2014.[7] According to Cole, the bill meets its goals "in both an effective and efficient manner, and has done so in a genuinely bipartisan, inclusive and deliberative fashion."[8] In 2013, Cole introduced the Home School Equity Act for Tax Relief. The bill would allow some homeschool parents to take tax credits for purchasing classroom materials.[9] Cole expressed his intention in 2018 to push his Tribal Labor Sovereignty Act into the spending bill as an omnibus. The bill would "make clear that the National Labor Relations Board has no jurisdiction over businesses owned and operated by an Indian tribe and located on tribal land."[10] Cole was ranked as the 91st most bipartisan member of the U.S. House of Representatives during the 114th United States Congress (and the most bipartisan member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Oklahoma) in the Bipartisan Index created by The Lugar Center and the McCourt School of Public Policy that ranks members of the United States Congress by their degree of bipartisanship (by measuring the frequency each member's bills attract co-sponsors from the opposite party and each member's co-sponsorship of bills by members of the opposite party).[11] 2016 House Speakership electionIn the contest for House Speaker that followed the resignation of John Boehner Cole supported the claims of Paul Ryan: "Anyone who attacks Paul Ryan as being insufficiently conservative is either woefully misinformed or maliciously destructive...Paul Ryan has played a major role in advancing the conservative cause and creating the Republican House majority. His critics are not true conservatives. They are radical populists who neither understand nor accept the institutions, procedures and traditions that are the basis of constitutional governance."[12] Committee membershipAs of the 115th United States Congress, Tom Cole is a member of the following U.S. House committees:
Political stancesCole supported President Donald Trump's 2017 executive order to impose a temporary ban on entry to the U.S. to citizens of seven Muslim-majority countries. He stated that "It is fair and appropriate to debate the merits of President Trump's executive order and its initial implementation. But it is inappropriate to engage in demagogic, inflammatory, inaccurate and reckless rhetoric that is designed to create and exploit a political issue rather than address a real threat to our security. I fear that is exactly what we are seeing from many of the President's critics."[13] Electoral history
Personal lifeCole and his wife, Ellen, have one son, Mason. He is a member of the United Methodist Church and lives in Moore. Cole has said, "I was raised to think of myself as Native American and, most importantly, as Chickasaw."[15] Cole has said that a great-aunt of his was the Native American storyteller Te Ata.[15] Describing his heritage, he said his "mother Helen Cole[16] was...extraordinarily proud of [their] Native American history and was, frankly, the first Native American woman ever elected to state senate in Oklahoma."[15] Cole sits on the Smithsonian Institution Board of Regents and the National Fulbright Association.[17] Cole is featured in the play Sliver of a Full Moon by Mary Kathryn Nagle for his role in the re-authorization of the Violence Against Women Act in 2013.[18] See also
References{{refbegin}}{{refend}}1. ^{{cite web |url=http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~battle/reps/cole.htm |title=cole |publisher=Freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com |date= |accessdate=2015-10-27 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313025034/http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~battle/reps/cole.htm |archivedate=2016-03-13 |df= }} 2. ^Official Lands GOP Post Keating to Name New Secretary of State 3. ^RNC picks new chief of staff 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/112/hr5912 |title=H.R. 5912: To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to prohibit the use of public funds for political party conventions |accessdate=12 October 2012}} 5. ^{{cite web |url=http://newsok.com/oklahoma-reps.-tom-cole-jim-bridenstine-disagree-on-farm-bill/article/3854974 |title=Oklahoma Reps. Tom Cole, Jim Bridenstine Disagree on Farm Bill |last1=Casteel |first1=Chris |date=June 21, 2013 |publisher=NewsOK |accessdate=20 July 2013}} 6. ^{{cite web|title=H.R. 4487 – All Actions|url=http://beta.congress.gov/bill/113th-congress/house-bill/4487/all-actions/|publisher=United States Congress|accessdate=2 May 2014}} 7. ^{{cite news|last=Marcos|first=Cristina|title=Next week:Appropriations season begins|url=http://thehill.com/blogs/floor-action/scheduling/204424-next-week-appropriations-season-begins|accessdate=1 May 2014|newspaper=The Hill|date=25 April 2014}} 8. ^{{cite news|last=Hess|first=Hannah|title=Legislative Branch Bill Keeps House Spending in Check|url=http://www.rollcall.com/news/legislative_branch_bill_keeps_house_spending_in_check-231875-1.html|accessdate=14 May 2014|newspaper=Roll Call|date=2 April 2014}} 9. ^Jim East, "Legislation would give home school families access to education tax deduction" {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20130828221405/http://riponadvance.com/news/legislation-would-give-home-school-families-access-to-education-tax-deduction/ |date=2013-08-28 }}, The Ripon Advance, August 28, 2013. (Retrieved August 28, 2013) 10. ^{{cite web|last1=Wong|first1=Scott|title=Five things lawmakers want attached to the $1 trillion funding bill|url=http://thehill.com/homenews/house/377682-five-things-lawmakers-want-attached-to-the-1-trillion-funding-bill|website=The Hill|accessdate=10 March 2018}} 11. ^{{Citation|url=http://www.thelugarcenter.org/assets/htmldocuments/The%20Lugar%20Center%20-%20McCourt%20School%20Bipartisan%20Index%20114th%20Congress%20House%20Scores.pdf|title=The Lugar Center - McCourt School Bipartisan Index|publisher=The Lugar Center|date=March 7, 2016|accessdate=April 30, 2017}} 12. ^{{Cite news|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/13/us/politics/latest-unease-on-right-ryan-is-too-far-left.html|title = Latest Unease on Right – Is Ryan Too Far to the Left?|last = Steinhauer|first = Jennifer|date = 12 October 2015|work = New York Times|access-date = 13 October 2015|via = }} 13. ^{{cite web|last1=Blake|first1=Aaron|title=Coffman, Gardner join Republicans against President Trump's travel ban; here's where the rest stand|url=http://www.denverpost.com/2017/01/29/republicans-on-trump-travel-ban/|website=Denver Post|accessdate=30 January 2017}} 14. ^{{cite web |url=http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/index.html |title=Election Statistics |accessdate=2008-01-10 |publisher=Office of the Clerk of the House of Representatives }} 15. ^1 2 {{cite speech | title = Native American Heritage Month Keynote Address | author = | first = | last = | authorlink = | date = 2007-11-06 | location = Library of Congress | url = https://www.loc.gov/today/cyberlc/feature_wdesc.php?rec=4216 | accessdate = 2008-09-01}} 16. ^Helen Cole {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100531083131/http://www.usao.edu/usao-news/spring-04/Obit_Sen_Helen_Cole.htm |date=2010-05-31 }} 17. ^{{cite web|title=Tom Cole Full Biography|url=http://cole.house.gov/about-me/full-biography|website=Tom Cole U.S. Congressman|accessdate=3 December 2014}} 18. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.sliverofafullmoon.org/#!/6|title=sliver of a full moon|website=sliver of a full moon|language=en-US|access-date=2016-12-12}} External links{{Commons category}}
|-{{s-par|us-hs}}{{s-bef|before=J. C. Watts}}{{s-ttl|title=Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Oklahoma's 4th congressional district|years=2003–present}}{{s-inc|rows=2}} |-{{s-bef|before=Jim McGovern}}{{s-ttl|title=Ranking Member of the House Rules Committee|years=2019–present}} |-{{s-ppo}}{{s-bef|before=Thomas Reynolds}}{{s-ttl|title=Chair of the National Republican Congressional Committee|years=2007–2009}}{{s-aft|after=Pete Sessions}} |-{{s-prec|usa}}{{s-bef|before=John Carter}}{{s-ttl|title=United States Representatives by seniority|years=76th}}{{s-aft|after=Mario Díaz-Balart}}{{s-end}}{{USHouseChairs}}{{OK-FedRep}}{{USHouseCurrent}}{{OKRepresentatives}}{{Frank Keating cabinet}}{{authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Cole, Tom}} 19 : 1949 births|21st-century American politicians|American United Methodists|Chickasaw people|Grinnell College alumni|Living people|Members of the United States House of Representatives from Oklahoma|Native American members of the United States Congress|Native American state legislators in Oklahoma|Oklahoma Republicans|Oklahoma state senators|People from Moore, Oklahoma|Politicians from Shreveport, Louisiana|Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives|Secretaries of State of Oklahoma|University of Oklahoma alumni|Watson Fellows|Yale University alumni|American conservative people |
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