| 词条 | Toby Run |
| 释义 |
| name = Toby Run | image = Toby Run.JPG | image_caption = Toby Run in its middle reaches | source1_location = hills in Mahoning Township, Montour County, Pennsylvania | mouth_location = Susquehanna River in Mahoning Township, Montour County, Pennsylvania | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|40.9434|-76.5991|region:US-PA|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | length = {{convert|1.7|mi|km|abbr=on}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|443|ft|m|abbr=on}} | basin_size = {{convert|0.9|sqmi|km2|abbr=on}} }} Toby Run is a tributary of the Susquehanna River in Montour County, Pennsylvania. It is approximately {{convert|1.7|mi|km}} long and is entirely in Mahoning Township.[1] The stream's watershed has an area of {{convert|0.9|sqmi|km2}}. There are ravines known as the Toby Run Ravines in the vicinity of the stream. They are designated as a "Locally Significant" site in the Montour County Natural Areas Inventory. Additionally, the Danville State Hospital is located in the area of the stream. CourseToby Run begins in hills in southern Mahoning Township. It flows southwest and then west or northwest for a short distance before making a sharp turn southwest.[1] The stream then passes by a reservoir and a state hospital and leaves the hills that it started in. Shortly after this, it reaches its confluence with the Susquehanna River near the southern edge of Mahoning Township.[2] Toby Run joins the Susquehanna River {{convert|138.56|mi|km}} upstream of its mouth.[3] Geography and geologyToby Run flows through a group of ravines for at least part of its distance. The ravines are known as the Toby Run Ravines and are located in Mahoning Township and Cooper Township. The ravines are relatively narrow.[4] There is also a plateau in the watershed of the stream. The elevation of Toby Run near its mouth is {{convert|443|ft|m}} above sea level.[5] WatershedThe watershed of Toby Run has an area of {{convert|0.9|sqmi|km2}}.[3] Toby Run is close to Danville.[6] HistoryHistorically, there was a community known as Toby Town in the vicinity of Toby Run and a nearby insane asylum. It was named after a "large and powerful" Native American known as Toby.[6] It is unknown if this community was near the stream's mouth or on a nearby ridge.[6] The grounds of the Danville State Hospital is in the watershed of Toby Run.[4] In the late 1800s, the gas works of the State Lunatic Asylum were at the mouth of the stream.[7] In 1913, the stream was proposed for use as a secondary water supply for the Danville State Hospital.[8] A pumping station was also located near the stream.[9] BiologyMost of the plants in the Toby Run ravines are hemlock. However, the vegetation in the ravines, which includes forests, is described as "interesting and diverse" in the Montour County Natural Areas Inventory. Trees such as tulip poplar, beech, and sugar maple are also present in the area. The canopy in the area consists of hemlock and northern hardwood trees. Non-native species such as Norway maple, multiflora rose, garlic mustard, autumn olive, and tree-of-heaven are slowly become more prevalent in the ravine.[4] There are a total of 14 species of trees in the ravine of Toby Run. There are eight shrub species in the ravine. These include alternate-leaved dogwood, red willow, multiflora rose, spicebush, American elderberry, wild hydrangea, autumn olive, and witch hazel Additionally, there are 22 species of herbs in the ravine. These include dame's rocket, jewelweed, skunk cabbage, Indian cucumber-root, and numerous others.[4] An insect known as the hemlock woolly adelgid poses a threat to the hemlock trees in the vicinity of Toby Run.[4] The Toby Run Ravines are designated as a "Locally Significant" site in the Montour County Natural Areas Inventory.[4] The entire watershed of Toby Run is designated as a coldwater fishery.[10] See also
References1. ^1 {{Citation|author = United States Geological Survey|url = http://viewer.nationalmap.gov/viewer/|title = The National Map Viewer|accessdate = July 13, 2014}} 2. ^{{citation|author = United States Geological Survey|url = http://www.usgwarchives.org/maps/pa/county/montour/usgs/mahoning.jpg|title = mahoning.jpg|year = 1989|accessdate = July 4, 2014}} 3. ^1 {{Citation|url = http://www.lycoming.edu/cwi/pdfs/paGazetterOfStreams.pdf|title = Pennsylvania Gazetteer of Streams|date = November 2, 2001|accessdate = July 4, 2014}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{Citation|author = Pennsylvania Science Office of The Nature Conservancy|url = http://www.naturalheritage.state.pa.us/CNAI_PDFs/Montour%20County%20NAI%202005.pdf|title = MONTOUR COUNTY NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY 2005|year = 2005|accessdate = July 4, 2014}} 5. ^{{Citation|url = http://www.topozone.com/states/Pennsylvania.asp?county=Montour&feature=Stream|title = Topographic Map Stream Features in Montour County, Pennsylvania|accessdate = July 4, 2014}} 6. ^1 2 {{Citation|author = D. H. B. Brower|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=zzYVAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA260&lpg=PA260&dq=%22toby+run%22+montour+county+pa&source=bl&ots=2XUXTGpGM6&sig=XYx81xrV1UGeRz78LNyV7yey72I&hl=en&sa=X&ei=LDe3U_uQJ6Wr8gG944CoBg&ved=0CDQQ6AEwBDgK#v=onepage&q=%22toby%20run%22%20&f=false|title = Danville, Montour County, Pennsylvania: A Collection of Historical and Biographical Sketches|year = 1881|accessdate = July 4, 2014}} 7. ^{{Citation|author = John Gosse Freeze|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ZjwuAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=john+gosse+freeze+columbia+county+pa&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Yzi0U5O4K4idqAaL5ILgBA&ved=0CB4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22Toby%20Run%22&f=false|title = A History of Columbia County, Pennsylvania: From the Earliest Times|year = 1888|accessdate = July 4, 2014}} 8. ^{{Citation|author = Pennsylvania. Water Supply Commission|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=g9lDAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA385&lpg=PA385&dq=%22toby+run%22+montour+county+pa&source=bl&ots=Oidxun9yDz&sig=oITy9AvgLrpye4LvY0hAGd3q2xE&hl=en&sa=X&ei=tjm3U6_GOISL8AHY8YCQDQ&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAzgo#v=onepage&q=%22toby%20run%22%20&f=false|title = Water Resources Inventory Report|year = 1920}} 9. ^{{Citation|author = Pennsylvania Department of Health|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=gS07AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA126&lpg=PA126&dq=%22toby+run%22+montour+county+pa&source=bl&ots=QcuxefAQVf&sig=nAavBMg9eiB8IDAuK04Bl_cOM9A&hl=en&sa=X&ei=tjm3U6_GOISL8AHY8YCQDQ&ved=0CDkQ6AEwBjgo#v=snippet&q=%22Toby%27s%20Run%22%20&f=false|title = Report|year = 1918}} 10. ^{{Citation|author = Montour County Conservation District|url = http://pacd.org/webfresh/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/MontourCIP.pdf|title = Montour County Implementation Plan For The Chesapeake Bay Tributary Strategy|date = December 2009|accessdate = July 4, 2014|deadurl = yes|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20141021062501/http://pacd.org/webfresh/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/MontourCIP.pdf|archivedate = October 21, 2014|df = }} 3 : Rivers of Montour County, Pennsylvania|Tributaries of the Susquehanna River|Rivers of Pennsylvania |
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