“Toftes Gave”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The institution was established by wholesaler and former mayor of Christiania Andreas Tofte in 1844, as a "rescuing institution for morally corrupt children of both sexes". It was originally located at Munkedamsveien 31 in Christiania, at Holmen in Pipervika.^[2] In 1847 the institution, including seven buildings, was donated to the municipality of Christiania.^[1] The donation was accepted on 9 June 1847, and the institution was henceforth called Toftes Gave (Tofte's gift), named after the donor. In 1858 it was moved to Risebro farm in Ullensaker. In 1876 it was decided to relocate the institution again to Nedre Sund farm on the island of Helgøya in Lake Mjøsa, in Hedmark. The moving process took place during the autumn of 1877. According to new regulations adopted in 1878, from then on the institution only accepted boys.^[2]

While the clientele consisted of 58 boys in 1888, this increased to 151 boys in 1899. The number was reduced to 86 boys in 1912. In 1912 the farm's livestock counted 78 cattle, 14 horses and 65 pigs. After decades of cultivation the farmland consisted of about 900 decares of arable land and 400 decares of productive forests.^[3] From this period the institution is known among others through the memoirs of Johannes S. Andersen.^[4] He spent four years at Toftes Gave, beginning when he was ten years old, and describes a regime of strict discipline. The children were used as farm workers, under the surveillance of local farmers from Helgøya, and he had the impression they were regarded as inferior to the most primitive of animals. The children adapted to the regime in order to survive. Their instincts of self-preservation also made them learn how to make picklocks to gain access to storages of potatoes or turnips, in order to appease their hunger.^[5] Essentially they learned two things at the institution: hatred of all kinds of oppression and tyranny, and solidarity against what he called slave-drivers and executioners.^[6]

From 1896 Toftes Gave was run by the State of Norway, until it closed in 1947.^[1]^[7]

Later use

From 1951 the location at Helgøya was used by the municipality of Oslo as a home for mentally disabled persons.^[7] The site was transferred to the municipality of Ringsaker in 1991.^[8]

References

1. ^{{cite encyclopedia|year=|title=Andreas Tofte |encyclopedia=Norsk biografisk leksikon|first=Else |last=Boye |editor=Helle, Knut|publisher=Kunnskapsforlaget|location=Oslo|url=http://www.snl.no/.nbl_biografi/Andreas_Tofte/utdypning|language=Norwegian|accessdate=29 June 2013}}
2. ^¹{{cite book |title=Femtiaars-Beretning om Christiania Kommune for aarene 1837–1886 |language=Norwegian |year=1892 |publisher=Christiania Magistrat |location=Christiania |pages=362–363 }}
3. ^{{cite book |title=Beretning om Kristiania Kommune for aarene 1887–1911 |language=Norwegian |year=1914 |publisher= |location=Kristiania |pages=350–351 }}
4. ^{{cite encyclopedia|year=|title=Johannes Andersen |encyclopedia=Norsk biografisk leksikon|first=Bjørn |last=Bjørnsen |authorlink=Bjørn Bjørnsen|editor=Helle, Knut|publisher=Kunnskapsforlaget|location=Oslo|url=http://www.snl.no/.nbl_biografi/Johannes_Andersen/utdypning|language=Norwegian|accessdate=15 January 2010}}
5. ^{{cite book |title=Vi kommer oss. Av Gulostens memoarer – fortalt til en venn |first=Johannes |last=Andersen |authorlink=Johannes S. Andersen |year=1946 |location=Oslo |publisher=Jacob Dybwad Forlag |language=Norwegian |pages=29–30 }}
6. ^Andersen 1946, p. 51
7. ^¹{{cite encyclopedia|title=Toftes gt. (–"Toftes Gave") |encyclopedia=Oslo byleksikon |editor1=Arstal, Aksel |editor1-link=Aksel Arstal|editor2=Just, Carl |publisher=Aschehoug |location=Oslo|edition=2|year=1966 |origyear=1938 |language=Norwegian }}
8. ^¹²{{cite encyclopedia|title=Toftes gave |encyclopedia=Store norske leksikon |editor-last=Godal | editor-first=Anne Marit | editor-link=Anne Marit Godal |publisher=Norsk nettleksikon |location=Oslo |url=http://snl.no/Toftes_gave |language=Norwegian |accessdate=23 June 2013}}

History

Later use

References