| 词条 | Tongan Australians |
| 释义 |
| group = Tongan Australians | image = | population = {{Plainlist|
}} | popplace = Sydney, Brisbane, Melbourne | langs = English, Tongan | rels = Christian | related = Tongans }} Tongan Australians are Australians who are of ethnic Tongan descent or Tonga-born people. BackgroundAccording to the 2011 Australian census 10,560 Australians were born in Tonga, while 25,096 claimed Tongan ancestry.[1] In 2006, 18,426 claimed Tongan ancestry, either alone or with another ancestry.[2] HistoryTongans were historically subject to the White Australia policy. In 1948, Akanesi Carrick – a cousin of Queen Sālote – and her two children were deported from Australia because of their race, despite being married to a British subject, Stewart Carrick.[3] A Tongan man was deported from Australia in January 1975 because he had entered the country by "posing as a Maori". A decade later, another Tongan man sued the Australian Department of Immigration and Ethnic Affairs for racial discrimination, alleging the department was targeting Pacific Islanders in its administration of immigration law.[4] PopulationTongan migrants to Australia have tended to make their homes in the "arrival city" suburbs of Sydney's west. This pattern began in the 1970s, intensified in the 1980s, and continues today.[5] As of 2011, over 60% of Tongan-born Australians live in the state of New South Wales.[6] The 2006 Australian census recorded that the majority of the Tongan Australians (4920 people) live in New South Wales, followed by Victoria (with 1190 people) and Queensland (1090).[7] Despite there being relatively few Australians of Tongan descent, Tongan Australians have excelled in the football codes of Rugby league and Rugby Union as evidenced by the list of notable Tongan Australians which include:
Notable Tongan Australians
See also
References1. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/DetailsPage/3412.02011-12%20and%202012-13?OpenDocument|title=Migration, Australia, 2011-12 and 2012-13|publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics|format=XLS|date=18 December 2013|accessdate=16 May 2013}} (table 9.1 of downloadable XL file: "Estimated resident population, Country of birth, State/territory, Age and sex - 30 June 2011") {{Ethnic groups in Australia}}{{ethno-stub}}2. ^1 {{cite web| url = http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/ABSNavigation/prenav/ViewData?breadcrumb=POLTD&method=Place%20of%20Usual%20Residence&subaction=-1&issue=2006&producttype=Census%20Tables&documentproductno=0&textversion=false&documenttype=Details&collection=Census&javascript=true&topic=Ancestry&action=404&productlabel=Ancestry%20(full%20classification%20list)%20by%20Sex&order=1&period=2006&tabname=Details&areacode=0&navmapdisplayed=true& | title = 20680-Ancestry (full classification list) by Sex - Australia| format = Microsoft Excel download |publisher = Australian Bureau of Statistics | work = {{CensusAU|2006}}| accessdate = 2013-01-23}} Total responses: 25,451,383 for total count of persons: 19,855,288. 3. ^{{cite news|url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/80787166/7777727|title=Wife from Tonga and children to go|newspaper=Daily News|date=9 April 1948}} 4. ^{{cite news|url=https://natlib.govt.nz/blog/posts/unsophisticated-and-unsuited|title='Unsophisticated and unsuited'|first=Paul|last=Hamer|publisher=National Library of New Zealand|date=27 August 2015|access-date=23 March 2019}} 5. ^{{cite web|title=Pacific destiny on different shore|url=http://www.smh.com.au/national/pacific-destiny-on-different-shore-20111222-1p739.html|publisher=Sydney Morning Herald}} 6. ^https://www.dss.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/02_2014/tonga.pdf 7. ^{{cite web|url = http://www.immi.gov.au/media/publications/statistics/comm-summ/_pdf/tonga.pdf |title = Community Information Summary - Tonga-born |format = pdf download |publisher = Australian Bureau of Statistics | work = {{CensusAU|2006}}| accessdate = 2013-01-23}} 3 : Polynesian Australian|Australian people of Tongan descent|Tongan diaspora |
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