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词条 Tonopah, Nevada
释义

  1. History

  2. Etymology and pronunciation

  3. Climate

  4. Demographics

  5. Transportation

  6. Places of interest

  7. In popular culture

  8. References

  9. Further reading

  10. External links

{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Tonopah, Nevada
|settlement_type = Unincorporated town
|nickname = Queen of the Silver Camps[1]
|motto = Visit Today & Mine Away
|image_skyline = 2013-09-19 12 59 58 View of downtown Tonopah, Nevada from the southwest.jpg
|imagesize = 250px
|image_caption = View of central Tonopah from the south
|image_flag =
|image_seal =
|image_map = Nye_County_Nevada_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Tonopah_Highlighted.svg
|mapsize = 180px
|map_caption = Tonopah, Nevada, is located in the Tonopah Basin near the Nye County border.
|image_map1 =
|mapsize1 =
|map_caption1 =
| pushpin_map = USA
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in the United States
|subdivision_name = United States
|subdivision_type1 = State
|subdivision_name1 = Nevada
|subdivision_type2 =
|subdivision_name2 =
|government_footnotes =
|government_type =
|leader_title = Senate
|leader_name = Mike McGinness (R)
|leader_title1 = Assembly
|leader_name1 = James Oscarson (R)
|leader_title2 = U.S. Congress
|leader_name2 = Steven Horsford (D)
|established_title =
|established_date =
|unit_pref = Imperial
|area_footnotes =
|area_magnitude =
|area_total_km2 = 42.0
|area_land_km2 = 42.0
|area_water_km2 = 0.0
|area_total_sq_mi = 16.2
|area_land_sq_mi = 16.2
|area_water_sq_mi = 0.0
|population_as_of = 2010
|population_footnotes =
|population_total = 2,478
|population_density_km2 = 62.6
|population_density_sq_mi = 162.1
|timezone = Pacific (PST)
|utc_offset = -8
|timezone_DST = PDT
|utc_offset_DST = -7
|elevation_footnotes =
|elevation_ft = 6047
|coordinates = {{coord|38|4|2|N|117|13|48|W|type:city_region:US-NV|display=inline,title}}
|coordinates_footnotes = [2]
|postal_code_type = ZIP code
|postal_code = 89049
|area_code = 775 Exchange: 482
|blank_name = FIPS code
|blank_info = 32-73600
|blank1_name = GNIS feature ID
|blank1_info = 0845985
|website = http://www.tonopahnevada.com/
|footnotes ={{designation list|embed=yes|designation1=Nevada Historical Marker|designation1_number=15}}
}}

Tonopah is an unincorporated town[3] in and the county seat of Nye County, Nevada, United States.[4] It is located at the junction of U.S. Routes 6 and 95, approximately midway between Las Vegas and Reno. In the 2010 census, the population was 2,478. The census-designated place (CDP) of Tonopah has a total area of {{convert|16.2|sqmi|km2}}, all land.

History

The European-American community began circa 1900 with the discovery of silver-rich ore by prospector Jim Butler. The legendary tale of discovery says that he went looking for a burro that had wandered off during the night and sought shelter near a rock outcropping. When Butler discovered the animal the next morning, he picked up a rock to throw at it in frustration, noticing that the rock was unusually heavy. He had stumbled upon the second-richest silver strike in Nevada history.{{citation needed|date=June 2014}}

Men of wealth and power entered the region to consolidate the mines and reinvest their profits into the infrastructure of the town of Tonopah. George Wingfield, a 24-year-old poker player when he arrived in Tonopah, played poker and dealt faro in the town saloons. Once he had a small bankroll, he talked Jack Carey, owner of the Tonopah Club, into taking him in as a partner and to file for a gaming license. In 1903, miners rioted against Chinese workers in Tonopah. This resulted in China enforcing a boycott in China of U.S. imported goods.

By 1904, after investing his winnings in the Boston-Tonopah Mining Company, Wingfield was worth $2 million. When old friend George S. Nixon, a banker, arrived in town, Wingfield invested in his Nye County Bank. They grub-staked (provided with food, supplies and tools in an exchange for a percentage of mine yield) miners with friend Nick Abelman, and bought existing mines. By the time the partners moved to Goldfield, Nevada and made their Goldfield Consolidated Mining Company a public corporation in 1906, Nixon and Wingfield were worth more than $30 million.[5]

Wingfield believed that the end of the gold and silver mining production was coming and took his bankroll to Reno, where he invested heavily in real estate and casinos. Real estate and gaming became big business throughout Central Nevada. By 1910, gold production was falling and by 1920, the town of Tonopah had less than half the population it had fifteen years earlier.

Small mining ventures continued to provide income for local miners and the small town struggled on. Located about halfway between Reno and Las Vegas, it has supported travelers as a stopover and rest spot on a lonely highway. Today the Tonopah Station has slots and the Banc Club also offers some gaming.

Also in Nye County is the Yomba Band of the Yomba Shoshone Tribe of the Yomba Reservation, a federally recognized band of Western Shoshone people. The Western Shoshone dominated most of Nevada at the time of European-American settlement in the 1860s.

Since the late 20th century, Tonopah has relied on the nearby military Tonopah Test Range as its main source of employment. The military has used the range and surrounding areas as a nuclear bomb test site, a bombing range, and as a base of operations for the development of the F-117 Nighthawk.

In 2014, California-based solar energy company SolarReserve completed construction on a $980 million advanced solar energy project near Tonopah. The Crescent Dunes Solar Energy Project uses liquid sodium as a heat transfer medium for its solar energy storage technology. The plant began producing power in November 2015.[6][7]

Etymology and pronunciation

The founder, Jim Butler, named the settlement, from what is thought to be a Shoshone language word, pronounced "TOE-nuh-pah."[8] Although the town previously had a variety of names, including Butler City, Jim Butler's name has survived. According to local history, the name is said to mean "hidden spring".[1]

Linguistically the name derives from either Shoshone to-nuv (greasewood), or Northern Paiute to-nav (greasewood), and pa, meaning water in both dialects.[9]

Climate

Tonopah has an arid, cold desert climate with cool winters and hot summers. Due to Tonopah’s aridity and high altitude, daily temperature ranges are quite large. Nights are cool, even in summer.

There are an average of 50.3 afternoons with highs at or above {{convert|90|F|C|1|disp=or}}, 157.8 mornings with lows of {{convert|32|F|C}} or lower, 7.6 afternoons where the high does not top freezing and 1.7 mornings with lows below {{convert|0|F|C|1|disp=or}}. The record high temperature in Tonopah was {{convert|104|F|C}} on July 18, 1960, and the record low {{convert|-15|F|C|1}} on January 24, 1937 and January 23, 1962.

There are an average of 38 days with measurable precipitation. The wettest calendar year was 1946 with {{convert|10.27|in|mm|abbr=on}} and the driest 1927 with {{convert|1.92|in|mm|abbr=on}}. The most precipitation in one month was {{convert|2.87|in|mm|1}} in November 1946. The most precipitation in 24 hours was {{convert|1.62|in|mm|1}} on August 17, 1977. Average annual snowfall is {{convert|16.8|in|m|2|disp=or}}, though even in winter the median snow depth is zero and the maximum recorded only {{convert|13|in|m|2|disp=or}} on February 11, 1968. The most snowfall in one year was {{convert|79.3|in|m|2}} from July 1946 to June 1947, including {{convert|37.0|in|m|2|disp=or}} in November 1946.[10][11]

{{Weather box
|location = Tonopah Airport, Nevada (1981–2010 normals)
|single line = Y
|Jan high F = 44.8
|Feb high F = 49.2
|Mar high F = 56.8
|Apr high F = 64.4
|May high F = 74.4
|Jun high F = 84.8
|Jul high F = 91.9
|Aug high F = 89.7
|Sep high F = 80.8
|Oct high F = 68.1
|Nov high F = 53.8
|Dec high F = 44.3
|year high F = 66.9
|Jan low F = 20.3
|Feb low F = 24.3
|Mar low F = 29.0
|Apr low F = 34.6
|May low F = 43.2
|Jun low F = 51.5
|Jul low F = 57.5
|Aug low F = 55.4
|Sep low F = 48.1
|Oct low F = 37.5
|Nov low F = 26.5
|Dec low F = 19.4
|year low F = 37.3
|Jan record high F = 67
|Feb record high F = 75
|Mar record high F = 79
|Apr record high F = 88
|May record high F = 96
|Jun record high F = 103
|Jul record high F = 104
|Aug record high F = 103
|Sep record high F = 96
|Oct record high F = 90
|Nov record high F = 91
|Dec record high F = 70
|year record high F= 104
|Jan record low F = −15
|Feb record low F = −9
|Mar record low F = 4
|Apr record low F = 9
|May record low F = 19
|Jun record low F = 27
|Jul record low F = 40
|Aug record low F = 37
|Sep record low F = 24
|Oct record low F = 13
|Nov record low F = 4
|Dec record low F = −13
|year record low F= −15
|Jan precipitation inch = 0.49
|Feb precipitation inch = 0.48
|Mar precipitation inch = 0.57
|Apr precipitation inch = 0.40
|May precipitation inch = 0.53
|Jun precipitation inch = 0.28
|Jul precipitation inch = 0.47
|Aug precipitation inch = 0.51
|Sep precipitation inch = 0.33
|Oct precipitation inch = 0.34
|Nov precipitation inch = 0.44
|Dec precipitation inch = 0.30
|precipitation colour = green
| Jan snow inch = 4.4
| Feb snow inch = 2.7
| Mar snow inch = 3.0
| Apr snow inch = 1.4
| May snow inch = .5
| Jun snow inch = 0
| Jul snow inch = 0
| Aug snow inch = 0
| Sep snow inch = 0
| Oct snow inch = .2
| Nov snow inch = 2.2
| Dec snow inch = 2.4
|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
| Jan precipitation days = 4.1
| Feb precipitation days = 4.4
| Mar precipitation days = 4.3
| Apr precipitation days = 3.4
| May precipitation days = 3.4
| Jun precipitation days = 2.3
| Jul precipitation days = 3.1
| Aug precipitation days = 2.9
| Sep precipitation days = 2.7
| Oct precipitation days = 2.2
| Nov precipitation days = 2.5
| Dec precipitation days = 3.3
|unit snow days = 0.1 in
| Jan snow days = 2.6
| Feb snow days = 2.4
| Mar snow days = 1.9
| Apr snow days = 1.2
| May snow days = .4
| Jun snow days = 0
| Jul snow days = 0
| Aug snow days = 0
| Sep snow days = .1
| Oct snow days = .3
| Nov snow days = 1.3
| Dec snow days = 2.1
|source 1 = NOAA (extremes 1954–present),[12] WRCC[11]
|date=March 2013
}}

Demographics

As of the census[13] of 2000, there were 2,627 people, 1,109 households, and 672 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 162.1 people per square mile (62.6/km²). There were 1,561 housing units at an average density of 96.3 per square mile (37.2/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 91.24% White, 1.41% Native American, 0.76% African American, 0.42% Asian, 0.30% Pacific Islander, 2.82% from other races, and 3.05% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.17% of the population.

There were 1,109 households out of which 32.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.9% were married couples living together, 7.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.4% were non-families. 34.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 3.03.

In the CDP, the population was spread out with 27.1% under the age of 18, 6.2% from 18 to 24, 29.3% from 25 to 44, 27.3% from 45 to 64, and 10.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 108.3 males. For every 100 women age 18 and over, there were 105.9 men.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $37,401, and the median income for a family was $47,917. Males had a median income of $40,018 versus $22,056 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $18,256. About 5.7% of families and 11.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.3% of those under age 18 and 19.1% of those age 65 or over.

Transportation

During the silver bonanza of the first decade of the 20th century, the need in the precious-metal fields for freight service led to construction of a network of local railroad lines across the Nevada desert to Tonopah. Examples include the Las Vegas and Tonopah Railroad, the Tonopah and Goldfield Railroad, and the Tonopah and Tidewater Railroad. Coal was hauled to the silver mines to power mine operations and also the stamp mills built in and around Tonopah to break apart the hard-rock ore for milling and refining.

As the railroad lines were reduced with the decline of mining and restructuring of railroads in the late 20th century, 18-wheelers became the dominant method of moving freight. Tonopah took on a new identity as an extreme freight destination. The chorus of the song "Willin'" by Lowell George of Little Feat on the albums Little Feat, Sailin' Shoes, and Waiting for Columbus refers to either Tonopah, Arizona, or Tonopah, Nevada:

{{blockquote|And I've been from Tucson to Tucumcari, Tehachapi to Tonopah.

I've driven every kind of rig that's ever been made;

driven the backroads so I wouldn't get weighed.}}

In the early 21st century, Tonopah is served by two U.S. Highways, Routes 6 and 95. There is no rail service. General aviation facilities are located at nearby Tonopah Airport. The nearest airport with scheduled passenger service is Mammoth Yosemite Airport, about 100 miles away. The nearest major airports are McCarran International Airport in Las Vegas, and Reno–Tahoe International Airport in Reno, each more than 200 miles away.

Daily bus service between Las Vegas, Tonopah, and Reno was provided by Silverado Stages.[14] Silverado Stages ceased operations in December 2018, declaring bankruptcy.[15]

==Notable people==

  • Hugh Bradner, physicist, and inventor of the neoprene wetsuit, which helped to revolutionize scuba diving.[16]
  • T. Brian Callister, MD, physician and nationally known health care policy expert; practiced in Tonopah between 1991 and 1995.
  • Thomas Joseph Connolly. Roman Catholic bishop of Baker
  • Wyatt Earp. Western lawman and fortune seeker. Arrived in Tonopah in February, 1902 and opened the Northern Saloon.
  • Barbara Graham, the notorious Butcher of Burbank, California. One of four women to be executed in California.
  • William Robert Johnson, Roman Catholic bishop of Orange
  • Andriza Mircovich, only prisoner to be executed by shooting in Nevada.
  • Tasker Oddie, 12th Governor of Nevada and a United States Senator; resident of Tonopah.[17]
  • Key Pittman, U.S. Senator from 1913–40; resident of Tonopah.
  • Vail M. Pittman, Governor of Nevada 1945-51; resident of Tonopah.
  • Stalking Cat, body modification icon.

Places of interest

  • Mizpah Hotel, with construction begun in 1905, shortly after the town of Tonopah was founded, and finished in late 1908, after several delays.[18] The Mizpah Hotel was once the tallest building in the state.
  • The Clown Motel, owned and operated by Bob Perchetti, has been a fixture in the town since the 1980s and is located next to a historic cemetery.
  • Tonopah is the main urban centre for Geocachers wanting to complete various "Power Trails" (which are extensive stretches of geocaches hidden relatively close to each other). This region is particularly famous for having thousands hidden in the area.

In popular culture

  • Tonopah was the subject of an episode of Commercial Kings.[19] Rhett and Link developed a slogan for the town "Visit Tonopah, We're Different".[20]
  • The television show Ghost Adventures has filmed multiple episodes in Tonopah, which is known for its haunted buildings, most notably the Mizpah Hotel.
  • The Clown Motel was featured on the Longmont Potion Castle Volume 9 track "Clown Motel".
  • The song, "Willin'", written by Lowell George, refers to Tonopah as one of the far flung destinations visited by the song's protagonist, a truck driver. The refrain begins, "I've been from Tucson to Tucumcari, Tehachapi to Tonopah."
  • Tonopah, along with nearby Goldfield, Nevada, served as filming locations for the fictional town of Baxter, California in the 1998 film Desert Blue. [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0126261/]
  • Tonopah is a very important shipping location in the SCS Software video game American Truck Simulator.
  • Tonopah is the main setting of the 11th Golgo 13 story Where the Stagecoaches Ran.

References

1. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.tonopahnevada.com/|title=Tonopah..."Queen of the Silver Camps", few places tell the story of Nevada’s mining past better!|work=tonopahnevada.com|accessdate=11 July 2017}}
2. ^{{cite gnis |id=0845985 |name=Tonopah |accessdate=2016-08-10}}
3. ^{{cite web|title=Nye County Code - Section 22.02.010: Formation of Town|publisher=Sterling Codifiers|url=http://www.sterlingcodifiers.com/codebook/index.php?book_id=648|accessdate=2017-01-29}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |accessdate=2011-06-07 |title=Find a County |publisher=National Association of Counties |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |archivedate=2011-05-31 |df= }}
5. ^{{cite web |last=Moe |first=Al W. |title=The Roots of Reno| url=https://www.amazon.com/Roots-Reno-Al-W-Moe/dp/143921199X/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1322253439&sr=1-1Booksurge |year=2008 |page=20}}
6. ^[https://travelnevada.com/regions/central/tonopah Tonopah]
7. ^[https://www.nrel.gov/csp/solarpaces/project_detail.cfm/projectID=60]
8. ^{{cite book|last=Varney|first=P|title=Southern California's best ghost towns: a practical guide|chapter=Appendix C: pronunciation guide|pages=121|publisher=University of Oklahoma Press|location=Norman, Oklahoma|year=1990|isbn=0-8061-2608-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A8s_7zGgQRAC&pg=PA121&lpg=PA121&dq=Tonopah+pronunciation&source=bl&ots=5nhS2WIcoS&sig=Wzed7BblwAFs4eN0gj5C_LIYaZ8&hl=en#v=onepage&q=Tonopah%20pronunciation&f=false}}
9. ^{{cite book |last=Carlson |first=Helen S. |title=Nevada Place Names: A Geographical Dictionary |pages=233, 234| publisher=University of Nevada Press |location=Reno, Nevada |year=1974 |isbn=0-87417-094-X}}
10. ^{{cite news |url=https://wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?nv8160 |title=Tonopah, Nevada Period of Record Monthly Climate Summary; Period of Record : 05/01/1902 to 06/09/2016 |work=wrcc.dri.edu |accessdate=July 11, 2017}}
11. ^1 {{cite news |url=https://wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?nv8170 |title=Tonopah, Nevada Period of Record Monthly Climate Summary; 06/11/1954 to 06/09/2016 |work=wrcc.dri.edu |accessdate=July 11, 2017}}
12. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.nws.noaa.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=vef |title = NowData - NOAA Online Weather Data |publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |accessdate = 2013-07-19}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov |publisher=United States Census Bureau |accessdate=2008-01-31 |title=American FactFinder |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130911234518/http://factfinder2.census.gov/ |archivedate=2013-09-11 |df= }}
14. ^{{cite web|title=Silverado Stages|url=https://silveradomainline.com/|accessdate=2018-09-22}}
15. ^{{cite web |title=Silverado Stages Bankruptcy |url=https://www.inforuptcy.com/filings/azbke_748201-2-18-bk-12203-silverado-stages-inc-and-michelangelo-leasing-inc |website=Inforuptcy |accessdate=20 February 2019}}
16. ^{{cite news |first=Michael |last=Taylor|title=Hugh Bradner, UC's inventor of wetsuit, dies |url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2008/05/11/BANR10KEF8.DTL|work= San Francisco Chronicle |publisher= |date=2008-05-11 |accessdate=2013-09-01}}
17. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.nga.org/cms/home/governors/past-governors-bios/page_nevada/col2-content/main-content-list/title_oddie_tasker.html|title= Nevada Governor Tasker Lowndes Oddie|publisher=National Governors Association|accessdate= October 4, 2012}}
18. ^{{cite journal |year=1908 |title=Notes from Tonopah, Nevada |journal=Engineering and Mining Journal |volume=86 |issue=18 |pages=871 |publisher=New York: Hill Publishing Company |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IYYgAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=editions:jMnu4g1MpZ0C&hl=en&sa=X&ei=NuNMUp2eDobKiwKSgoHAAQ&ved=0CEIQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q&f=false |accessdate=1 October 2013}}
19. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.lvrj.com/news/ad-puts-quirky-tonopah-on-map-131576568.html |title=Ad puts quirky Tonopah on map |author=Henry Brean |work=Las Vegas Review-Journal |accessdate=28 September 2015}}
20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ifc.com/rhett-link/videos/rhett-link-commercial-kings-tonopah-commercial |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2013-01-22 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130329065902/http://www.ifc.com/rhett-link/videos/rhett-link-commercial-kings-tonopah-commercial |archivedate=2013-03-29 |df= }}

Further reading

  • McCracken, Robert D., A History of Tonopah, Nevada, (1992), {{ISBN|1-878138-52-9}}

External links

{{commons category|Tonopah, Nevada}}{{Wikivoyage|Tonopah}}
  • June 2009 Photos of Tonopah and Goldfield, Nevada{{dead link|date=September 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
  • Official town website Retrieved 22 October 2009
  • Tonopah photos and information at WesternMiningHistory.com Retrieved 22 October 2009
  • Official State of Nevada Tourism site
  • Photos of Mizpah mine at Historic American Engineering Record
  • Official website of the Central Nevada Museum — located in Tonopah.
{{Nye County, Nevada}}{{Nevada}}

10 : Tonopah, Nevada|Census-designated places in Nye County, Nevada|County seats in Nevada|Unincorporated towns in Nevada|Mining communities in Nevada|Silver mining in Nevada|Populated places established in 1900|1900 establishments in Nevada|History of Nye County, Nevada|Census-designated places in Nevada
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