词条 | Torrão |
释义 |
|official_name = Torrão |image_skyline = 2007.03.31.pt.AlcacerdoSal.Torrão.visto da Ermida.jpg |image_caption = Torrão seen from the Hermitage of Nossa Senhora do Bom Sucesso |image_flag = |image_shield = ASL-torrao.png |image_location = |region = Alentejo |subregion = Alentejo Litoral |CIM = Alentejo Litoral |district = Setúbal |municipality = Alcácer do Sal |coordinates = {{coord|38.295|-8.224|type:adm1st_region:PT_dim:50000|display=inline,title}} |elevation = |area_total = 372.39 |population_as_of = 2011 |population_total = 2295 |patron = Nossa Senhora da Assunção |area_code = 265 |postal_code = 7595 |website = http://www.torrao.freguesias.pt/ }}Torrão ({{IPA-pt|tuˈʁɐ̃w|eu}}) is a civil parish and town, in the municipality of Alcácer do Sal, in the Portuguese district of Setúbal, bordering on the districts of Évora and the Beja. It is crossed by the river Xarrama River. The population in 2011 was 2,295,[1] in an area of 372.39 km².[2] In 2012, Torrão was, in terms of area, the third-largest parish in Portugal[3] but, due to a territorial reorganization, since 2013 has been the sixth-largest parish in the country.[2] HistoryHuman presence can be traced back to the late Neolithic or Chalcolithic from excavations made at Monte da Tumba in the early 1980s.[5] The archeologist José Leite de Vasconcelos at the end of December 1895.[4] discovered various constructs, including dolmens (such as the Dolman of Torrão), that were in various states (some on the ground, others upright and inclined).[4] Along with other sites, Pedra de Anta suggests the existence of many megalithic monuments in this region, but their absence may indicate that the large stones may have been repurposed for other purposes.[4] The dolmen Lapa de São Fausto (locally referred to as Fráusto or Fragusto) was named after a saint who had supposedly appeared on the site.[4][5] Near this site are the ruins of a church (dated to its reconstruction in 1645), but where Pinho Leal referred to the existence of a Roman temple, dedicated to Jupiter.[4] J. Leite de Vasconcelos had authored studies claiming the discovery of Neolithic instruments, which dsignated: "instruments of copper and bronze".[4] From the Roman epoch, the eminent archaeologist noted a small construction on the outskirts of the village, that could have served to collect water, and roof tile fragments scattered around the structure.[4] Today a modernist fountain, at the time the spring was referred to as Fonte Santa, and had been rumoured to have originated by the Arab residents of the region. Older records from the local prior date from 1758, and referring to Torrão indicate: "I do not know if there's a spring or celebrated lake, yes, a fountain called Fonte Santa,...and they say that it is a work of the Moors, which they do not doubt, because the land smells of them, and we can see that the majority of the people are black and disguised, or now like charcoal".[4] The Arab occupation of the region ended with the reconquest of Alcácer do Sal in 1217, when the territories in the shadow of the town was conquered.[4] In São João de Azinhais was a tombstone with inscription, and barrel-like stone, use for burials in the Alentejo at the time.[4] These mounds, conform Romanesque practices, mark the beginnings of Christian occupation. After the Reconquista the seigneury was handed over to the Order of Saint James (under the patronage of the Church of Santa Maria), beginning a period of ownership since 1260, and establishing its municipal history.[4] The village was actually larger near the hermitage of São Roque for a time, owing to the number of foundations, but may have been disseminated by the effects of the Black Death.[4] GeographyTorrão is one of six parish of Alcácer do Sal, located southeast of this municipality, in the South part of the Setúbal district.[6] It's in the limits of this parish that stand united the Setúbal, Évora and Beja districts and therefore the NUTS III Alentejo Litoral, Alentejo Central e Baixo Alentejo. Torrão has borders with the Viana do Alentejo municipality, in the northeast, from the Évora district, by Alvito, East and Ferreira do Alentejo, south, in the Beja district and Grândola, south and west, also in the district of Setúbal. The parish is divided by the Xarrama River, on is way to meet the Sado River. In this path, just after passing the village of Torrão, the Xarrama forms an artificial lake, created by the Vale do Gaio Dam. EconomyFrom Torrão can be originated several Geographical indications and traditional specialities:[7]
ArchitectureArcheological
Civic
Religious
Notable citizens
References1. ^Instituto Nacional de Estatística (INE), Census 2011 results according to the 2013 administrative division of Portugal 2. ^1 Áreas das freguesias, concelhos, distritos e país 3. ^{{cite web|language=Portuguese|title=Carta Administrativa Oficial de Portugal (Áreas das freguesias, municípios e distritos da CAOP2012.1) |url=http://www.igeo.pt/produtos/cadastro/caop/download/Areas_Freg_Mun_Dist_CAOP20121.zip |author=Instituto Geográfico Português|accessdate=28 March 20114|publisher=Direção-Geral do Território |location=Lisbon, Portugal |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120825064716/http://www.igeo.pt/produtos/cadastro/caop/download/Areas_Freg_Mun_Dist_CAOP20121.zip |archivedate= 25 August 2012}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 {{citation |url=http://www.torrao.freguesias.pt/ |title=Breve Resenha Histórica (in "A Freguesia", "Apresentação")|language=Portuguese |accessdate=22 March 2014 |year=2012 |location=Torrão (Alcácer do Sal), Portugal |editor=Junta de Freguesia |publisher=Junta de Freguesia de Torrão}} 5. ^At one time a niche was constructed on the dolmen, but it was destroyed, and the image of the saint was transferred to the local church. 6. ^{{cite web|language=Portuguese|title=Carta Administrativa Oficial de Portugal|url=http://www.igeo.pt/produtos/cadastro/caop/caop_vigor.htm|author=Instituto Geográfico Português|accessdate=3 September 2012|year=2012|publisher=|location=Portugal}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/quality/door/list.html;jsessionid=pL0hLqqLXhNmFQyFl1b24mY3t9dJQPflg3xbL2YphGT4k6zdWn34!-370879141?&recordStart=0&filter.dossierNumber=&filter.comboName=&filterMin.milestone__mask=&filterMin.milestone=&filterMax.milestone__mask=&filterMax.milestone=&filter.country=PT&filter.category=&filter.type=&filter.status=REGISTERED&recordPerPage=100| title=European Commission PDO database|accessdate=4 September 2012}} 8. ^{{cite web|language=|title=Commission Regulation (EC) N.º 1107/96|url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:1996:148:0001:0010:EN:PDF|author=European Commission|accessdate=7 September 2012|date=12 June 1996|publisher=Official Journal of the European Union|location=Brussels, Belgium}} 9. ^{{cite web|title=Commission Regulation (EC) N.º 730/2008|url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:200:0008:0009:EN:PDF|author=Commission of the European Communities|accessdate=3 September 2012|date=29 July 2008|publisher=Official Journal of the European Communities|location=Brussels, Belgium}} 10. ^{{cite web|title=Commission Regulation (EC) N.º 730/2008|url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:200:0008:0009:EN:PDF|author=European Commission|accessdate=3 September 2012|date=29 July 2008|publisher=Official Journal of the European Union|location=Brussels, Belgium}} 11. ^{{cite web|title=Commission Regulation (EC) N.º 1495/2002|url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2002:225:0011:0012:EN:PDF|author=European Commission|accessdate=3 September 2012|date=22 August 2002|publisher=Official Journal of the European Union|location=Brussels, Belgium}} 12. ^{{cite web|title=Commission Regulation (EC) N.º 1107/1996|url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:1996:148:0001:0010:EN:PDF|author=Commission of the European Communities|accessdate=3 September 2012|date=21 June 1996|publisher=Official Journal of the European Communities|location=Brussels, Belgium}} 13. ^{{cite web|title=Commission Regulation (EC) N.º 617/2003|url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2003:089:0003:0004:EN:PDF|author=European Commission|accessdate=3 September 2012|date=5 April 2003|publisher=Official Journal of the European Union|location=Brussels, Belgium}} 14. ^{{cite web|title=Commission Regulation (EC) N.º 944/2008|url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:258:0054:0055:EN:PDF|author=European Commission|accessdate=3 September 2012|date=26 September 2008|publisher=Official Journal of the European Union|location=Brussels, Belgium}} 15. ^{{cite web|language=Portuguese|title=Portaria n.º 695/2009 de 29 de Junho|url=http://www.dre.pt/pdf1s/2009/06/12300/0421004213.pdf|author=Ministério da Agricultura, do Desenvolvimento Rural e das Pescas|accessdate=3 September 2012|date=29 June 2009|publisher=Diário da República|location=Portugal}} 16. ^{{cite web|title=Commission Regulation (EC) N.º 2396/97|url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:1997:331:0003:0004:EN:PDF|author=Commission of the European Communities|accessdate=3 September 2012|date=3 December 1997|publisher=Official Journal of the European Communities|location=Brussels, Belgium}} 17. ^{{cite web|title=Commission Regulation (EC) N.º 510/2006 |url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:C:2012:052:0022:0024:EN:PDF |author=Commission of the European Communities|accessdate=11 April 2014|date=2 February 2012|publisher=Official Journal of the European Communities|location=Brussels, Belgium}} 18. ^1 {{cite web|title=Commission Regulation (EC) N.º 943/2008|url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:258:0052:0053:EN:PDF|author=European Commission|accessdate=3 September 2012|date=26 September 2008|publisher=Official Journal of the European Union|location=Brussels, Belgium}} 19. ^1 {{cite web|title=Monte da Tumba |url=http://www.igespar.pt/en/patrimonio/pesquisa/geral/patrimonioimovel/detail/69701 |author=|accessdate=21 March 2014|date=|publisher=IGESPAR|location=Lisbon, Portugal |language=Portuguese}} 20. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{citation |url=http://www.torrao.freguesias.pt/ |title=Património (in "Turismo e Lazer")|language=Portuguese |accessdate=22 March 2014 |year=2012 |location=Torrão (Alcácer do Sal), Portugal |editor=Junta de Freguesia |publisher=Junta de Freguesia de Torrão}} 21. ^{{citation|url=http://www.monumentos.pt/Site/APP_PagesUser/SIPA.aspx?id=3423 |title=Calçadinha Romana (IPA.00003423/PT041501040019) |publisher=SIPA – Sistema de Informação para o Património Arquitectónico |editor=SIPA |location=Lisbon, Portugal |language=Portuguese |first=Albertina |last=Belo |year=1997 |accessdate=22 March 2014}} 22. ^1 2 3 {{citation|url=http://www.monumentos.pt/Site/APP_PagesUser/SIPA.aspx?id=4660 |title=Convento de Santo António/Igreja e Convento de São Francisco (IPA.00004660/PT041501040016) |publisher=SIPA – Sistema de Informação para o Património Arquitectónico |editor=SIPA |location=Lisbon, Portugal |language=Portuguese |first=Albertina |last=Belo |year=1998 |accessdate=22 March 2014}} 23. ^{{cite web|title=Igreja de Nossa Senhora da Assunção |url=http://www.igespar.pt/en/patrimonio/pesquisa/geral/patrimonioimovel/detail/73703 |author=|accessdate=21 March 2014|date=|publisher=IGESPAR|location=Lisbon, Portugal |language=Portuguese}} 24. ^1 {{citation|url=http://www.monumentos.pt/Site/APP_PagesUser/SIPA.aspx?id=4625 |title=Capela de São João dos Azinhais/Capela de Arranas (IPA.00004625/PT041501040026) |publisher=SIPA – Sistema de Informação para o Património Arquitectónico |editor=SIPA |location=Lisbon, Portugal |language=Portuguese |first=Albertina |last=Belo |year=1997 |accessdate=22 March 2014}} 25. ^{{cite web|title=Ermida de São João dos Azinhais |url=http://www.igespar.pt/en/patrimonio/pesquisa/geral/patrimonioimovel/detail/72002 |author=|accessdate=21 March 2014|date=|publisher=IGESPAR|location=Lisbon, Portugal |language=Portuguese}} 26. ^{{citation|url=http://www.monumentos.pt/Site/APP_PagesUser/SIPA.aspx?id=4679 |title=Capela de São João Napomoceno/Capela de São João da Ponte (IPA.00004625/PT041501040026) |publisher=SIPA – Sistema de Informação para o Património Arquitectónico |editor=SIPA |location=Lisbon, Portugal |language=Portuguese |first=Albertina |last=Belo |year=1998 |accessdate=22 March 2014}} 27. ^1 2 {{citation|url=http://www.monumentos.pt/Site/APP_PagesUser/SIPA.aspx?id=4679 |title=Convento de Nossa Senhora da Graça / Convento de Clarissas do Torrão/Convento das Freiras (IPA.00010473/PT041501040047) |publisher=SIPA – Sistema de Informação para o Património Arquitectónico |editor=SIPA |location=Lisbon, Portugal |language=Portuguese |first=Albertina |last=Belo |first2=Rosário |last2=Gordalina |first3=Rosário |last3=Gordalina |year=2007 |accessdate=22 March 2014}} 28. ^{{cite web|title=Igreja e Convento de São Francisco |url=http://www.igespar.pt/en/patrimonio/pesquisa/geral/patrimonioimovel/detail/72003 |author=|accessdate=21 March 2014|date=|publisher=IGESPAR|location=Lisbon, Portugal |language=Portuguese}} 29. ^1 {{citation|url=http://www.monumentos.pt/Site/APP_PagesUser/SIPA.aspx?id=4676 |title=Ermida de Nossa Senhora do Bom Sucesso e a casa dos romeiros (IPA.00004676/PT041501040037) |publisher=SIPA – Sistema de Informação para o Património Arquitectónico |editor=SIPA |location=Lisbon, Portugal |language=Portuguese |first=Albertina |last=Belo |first2=Cecília |last2=Matias |year=2001|accessdate=22 March 2014}} 30. ^{{cite web|title=Ermida de Nossa Senhora do Bom Sucesso |url=http://www.igespar.pt/en/patrimonio/pesquisa/geral/patrimonioimovel/detail/71316 |author=|accessdate=21 March 2014|date=|publisher=IGESPAR|location=Lisbon, Portugal |language=Portuguese}} External links{{Commons category|Torrão (Alcácer do Sal)|Torrão}}{{Portal|Portugal}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Torrao}} 2 : Towns in Portugal|Parishes of Alcácer do Sal |
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