“Tony Penikett”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Antony David John "Tony" Penikett (born November 14, 1945) is a mediator and negotiator and former politician in Yukon, Canada, who served as Premier of Yukon from 1985 to 1992.

Early life and political activity

Born in Sussex, England, on November 14, 1945 and educated at St Albans School in Hertfordshire, England, and in Alberta and Ontario, Penikett began his Yukon working life as an asbestos mine labourer at Clinton Creek, Yukon, where he became active in his union as a shop steward and chair of the grievance committee.

An activist with the New Democratic Party (NDP), Penikett was campaign manager in the 1972 election for Wally Firth, the first indigenous northern MP ever elected to the House of Commons.^[1] He was the party's candidate in Yukon in the 1974 federal election, but was not elected.^[1]

Penikett became a member of the New Democratic Party's federal council in 1973 and served as executive assistant to Ed Broadbent from 1975 to 1977.^[2] He then returned to Yukon, where he was elected to Whitehorse City Council in 1977.^[2]

Premier of Yukon

He was first elected to the Yukon Legislative Assembly in 1978, representing the constituency of Whitehorse West as a member of the Yukon New Democratic Party. He was the party's only MLA elected that year.

In 1981, Penikett succeeded Fred Berger as leader of the party. Under his leadership, independent MLA Maurice Byblow crossed the floor to join the party, and Roger Kimmerly won a by-election for the party in October.^[3] With the party having surpassed the Yukon Liberal Party in seats, Penikett became Leader of the Opposition.^[3]

The party won six seats in the 1982 election, retaining Official Opposition status.^[4]

In the 1985 territorial election, the party won eight seats, forming a minority government with Penikett serving as government leader.^[5] Four of the party's eight MLAs were of First Nations descent, with a by-election win by Danny Joe in 1987 bringing First Nations representation in the government to five out of nine;^[6] this remains the all-time historical record for First Nations representation in a Canadian legislature.^[6] Joe's by-election win also lifted the party to majority government status.^[6]

Penikett fought the federal government for a better deal for the territory in Canadian confederation and for control over its natural resources.^[7] He and Dennis Patterson, premier of the Northwest Territories, also fought for a greater role at First Minister's conferences.^[8] Penikett's government negotiated and signed an umbrella agreement for First Nations land claims,^[9] negotiated the first four agreements with individual First Nations,^[10] and developed an economic development strategy for the Yukon in consultation with citizens.

Penikett also brought forward the Yukon Human Rights Act, which banned discrimination on the basis of age, race, gender or sexual orientation.^[6] It was only the second such act passed anywhere in Canada.^[6]

The NDP formed a majority government after the 1989 election, winning nine seats.^[11] Later that year, Penikett took on the title of Premier,^[12] the first government leader in the territory to be given that title, in a bid to increase the territory's clout in relations with the federal and provincial governments.^[13]

Penikett's government opposed the Meech Lake Accord, believing it would make it impossible for the Yukon to ever become a province.^[14] According to Penikett, the accord violated the rights of Yukon residents by granting to each existing province an absolute veto over the creation of a new province, as well as by giving provinces, but not territories, consultation rights on the appointment of new Senators and new Supreme Court justices,^[15] and would condemn northerners to "forever be second-class citizens".^[16] Penikett's government fought the accord in court, although its case was dismissed by the Yukon Court of Appeal.^[17] During the subsequent Charlottetown Accord negotiations, Penikett raised many of the same concerns that he had during Meech,^[18] although he ultimately supported the final deal.^[19]

After seven years in power, the NDP was defeated in the 1992 election by the conservative Yukon Party.^[20] Penikett's successor, John Ostashek, dropped Penikett's use of the title "Premier", reverting to the older form "Government Leader",^[20] although the "Premier" title was reinstituted in 1996 by Piers McDonald and has remained in use ever since.^[20]

On April 25, 1994 Penikett announced his resignation as leader of the Yukon NDP,^[21] and was succeeded by Piers McDonald at a party convention in May 1995. There was an attempt later in 1994 to draft Penikett as a candidate in the federal New Democratic Party's 1995 leadership contest, but he declined to run.^[22]

He remained in the legislature as the MLA for Whitehorse West until September 27, 1995, when he resigned to accept a position as a policy advisor in the office of Saskatchewan Premier Roy Romanow.^[2]

Later career

After two years as an advisor in the cabinet planning unit with the Government of Saskatchewan, in 1998 he was appointed by the government of British Columbia to lead contract negotiations with the province's public sector unions.^[23]

Between 1998 and 2000, Penikett and his colleague John Calvert negotiated 32 public sector accords (on early retirement, pay equity and joint trusteeship of pension plans) with public sector employer organizations and unions representing 250,000 provincial public employers. This is to date the largest number of social contracts ever negotiated in Canada.

From 2001 to 2005, Penikett was a senior fellow on native treaty issues and a visiting professor for the Undergraduate Semester in Dialogue at Simon Fraser University. He has also worked at the Walter and Duncan Gordon Foundation, and for West Coast Environmental Law.

Penikett was appointed as the University of Washington's Canada Fulbright Chair in Arctic Studies for 2013-14. For the duration of this award, he will be located at the Henry M. Jackson School of International Studies, and conducting a “Comparative Study of Canadian and U.S. Approaches to Issues of Arctic Governance in the 21st Century.”

Personal life

Penikett is the father of actor Tahmoh Penikett,^[6] best known for his work as Karl Agathon in Battlestar Galactica and Paul Ballard in Dollhouse. His twin daughters Sarah and Stephanie Penikett have also appeared on television, in Psych and The L-Word.^[6] Their mother, Lulla Sierra Johns,^[6] is a member of the White River First Nation.^[6]

Penikett is the author of Reconciliation: First Nations Treaty Making in British Columbia (Douglas & McIntyre, 2006); two television films, The Mad Trapper (BBC TV, London, 1972) and La Patrouille Perdu (ORTF, Paris, 1974); and several plays.

References

1. ^¹"No all-candidates meetings in Yukon: Opponent wary of Tory hatchet man". The Globe and Mail, June 22, 1974.
2. ^¹²³"Penikett gets Regina post". Vancouver Sun, September 27, 1995.
3. ^¹"NDP's by-election win makes it Opposition". The Globe and Mail, October 15, 1981.
4. ^"The voters are few, but they're serious". The Globe and Mail, June 19, 1982.
5. ^"The NDP rise to power in the Yukon". The National (CBC Television), May 14, 1985.
6. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷⁸"Penikett recalls years of dominance from the left". Whitehorse Star, May 17, 2010.
7. ^"North of 60, hopes linked to command of resources". The Globe and Mail, February 1, 1988.
8. ^"Status low at provincial talks: Yukon, NWT leaders remain outsiders". The Globe and Mail, August 20, 1988.
9. ^"Deal signed to settle Yukon Indian claim". The Globe and Mail, May 30, 1989.
10. ^Richard Gwyn, "Yukon offers model of native government". Toronto Star, October 21, 1992.
11. ^"Yukon NDP comes out of wilderness". The Gazette, February 22, 1989.
12. ^"Yukon leader Penikett takes title of Premier". The Globe and Mail, October 13, 1989.
13. ^"Territories' leaders battle to be heard". The Globe and Mail, November 10, 1989.
14. ^Tony Penikett, "Meech Lake Accord freezes out Canada's North". The Globe and Mail, October 28, 1987.
15. ^"Yukon leader pledges fight over accord". The Globe and Mail, July 17, 1987.
16. ^"Territories demand a share in benefits of Meech accord". The Globe and Mail, November 28, 1987.
17. ^"Rights of Yukoners not violated by Meech Lake deal, court rules". The Globe and Mail, December 24, 1987.
18. ^"Northern leaders denounce `betrayal'". Edmonton Journal, July 30, 1992.
19. ^"CONSTITUTIONAL DEAL: NDP approves pact". Ottawa Citizen, August 31, 1992.
20. ^¹²"New Yukon leader rejects Penikett's 'Premier' moniker". The Globe and Mail, October 21, 1992.
21. ^"For a new NDP chief, look north again?" The Globe and Mail, May 12, 1994.
22. ^Jeffrey Simpson, "The NDP prepares to size up the pretenders to McLaughlin's throne". The Globe and Mail, January 20, 1995.
23. ^"Veteran negotiator enters native disputes". The Globe and Mail, June 18, 1998.