| 词条 | Traffic in Souls |
| 释义 |
| name = Traffic in Souls | image = Traffic in Souls poster.jpg | image size = | caption = Theatrical poster | director = George Loane Tucker | producer = Walter MacNamara Jack Cohn (uncredited) | writer = Walter MacNamara (scenario) | story = George Loane Tucker | starring = Jane Gail Ethel Grandin William H. Turner Matt Moore | music = Philip Carli (1994 release) | cinematography = Henry Alder Leach | editing = Jack Cohn (uncredited) | studio = Independent Moving Pictures | distributor = Universal Film Manufacturing Company | released = {{Film date|1913|11|24}} | runtime = 88 min | country = United States | language = Silent (English intertitles) | budget = $5700 | gross = }}Traffic in Souls (also released as While New York Sleeps) is a 1913 American silent crime drama film focusing on forced prostitution (white slavery) in the United States. Directed by George Loane Tucker and starring Jane Gail, Ethel Grandin, William H. Turner, and Matt Moore, Traffic in Souls is an early example of the narrative style in American films. The film consists of six reels which was longer than most American film of the era.[1] A copy of Traffic in Souls is preserved at the Library of Congress and the Film Preservation Associates.[1] In 2006, the film was added to the National Film Registry for preservation in the Library of Congress because it "presaged the Hollywood narrative film" and drew attention through its riveting depiction of the methods used to entrap young women into prostitution.[2] PlotThe storyline concerns two young Swedish women immigrants who are approached by men soliciting for white slavery under the guise of a legitimate work offer. In the scenes filmed at Battery Park, after the women are transported there from Ellis Island, real immigrants can be seen in the background.[3] The entire film takes place over the course of three days and consists of a prologue; the main narrative in which one of the sisters is kidnapped by a pimp and the other sister and her boyfriend rush to rescue her in time and the pimp is killed; and an epilogue in which the viewer finds out the consequences from a trashed news article. The film concludes with a joke ending, an ending to a thriller that at the time was not the cliché it has become now.[4] Cast
ProductionTraffic in Souls was based on a story by the film's director George Loane Tucker. The scenario was written by Walter MacNamara who also served as producer with Jack Cohn.[5] Executive producers include King Baggot, Herbert Brenon, William Robert Daly, and Carl Laemmle. The film was shot and produced by Universal Film Manufacturing Company in Fort Lee, New Jersey, where many early film studios in America's first motion picture industry were based at the beginning of the 20th century.[6][7][8] Additional footage was shot on location at Ellis Island and Manhattan. Its subjects were working women who had immigrated to the United States, and it was released at a time when the country was undergoing a "moral panic" over the issue of prostitution.[9] The film's release eventually resulted in the adding of "white slavery" to the list of topics banned under the Hays Code.[10][11] Release{{expand section|date=April 2018}}Traffic in Souls opened on November 24, 1913 at Lou Fields's Theatre at 1215 Broadway in New York City. The film was made for $5700, and reportedly earned $400,000 during its theatrical run, helping to make Universal a major player among movie studios.[1]Reception{{expand section|date=April 2018}}Author and film critic Leonard Maltin awarded the film two and a half out of four stars, calling it "a trashy, corny guilty pleasure."[12] Home mediaTraffic in Souls was released on VHS by Kino International in with a piano score by Philip Carli in 1994.[5][13] Flicker Alley released the film, along with The Italian (1915) and three shorts, as part of a two DVD set entitled Perils of the New Land in August 2008. Film historian Shelley Stamp provided expert audio commentary for the 2008 release.[14]References1. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://silentera.com/PSFL/data/T/TrafficInSouls1913.html|title=Silent Era : Progressive Silent Film List|work=silentera.com}} 2. ^{{cite press release|title=Films Added to National Film Registry for 2006|publisher=Library of Congress|date=December 27, 2006|url=https://www.loc.gov/today/pr/2006/06-234.html|accessdate=November 27, 2011}} 3. ^{{cite journal|last=Grieveson|first=Lee|title=Policing the cinema: Traffic in Souls at Ellis Island, 1913|journal=Screen|volume=38|issue=2|pages=149–171|url=http://screen.oxfordjournals.org/content/38/2/149.extract|accessdate=November 27, 2011|doi=10.1093/screen/38.2.149|year=1997}} 4. ^{{cite book| last1 = Grieveson| first1 = Lee| last2 = Krèamer| first2 = Peter| title = The Silent Cinema reader| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ziffYp9d8I4C&pg=PA226| year = 2004| publisher = Routlege| location = New York| isbn = 978-0-415-25284-3| pages = 226–237 }} 5. ^1 {{cite book|last=Eagan|first=Daniel|title=America's Film Legacy: The Authoritative Guide to the Landmark Movies in the National Film Registry|year=2010|publisher=A&C Black|isbn=978-0-826-42977-3|page=30}} 6. ^{{cite book| last = Koszarski| first = Richard| title = Fort Lee: The Film Town| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=5w0r8YKan04C| year = 2004| publisher = Indiana University Press| isbn = 978-0-86196-652-3 }} 7. ^{{Cite web|title = Studios and Films|publisher = Fort Lee Film Commission| url = http://www.fortleefilm.org/studios.html| accessdate = 2011-05-30}} 8. ^{{cite book| title = Fort Lee: Birthplace of the Motion Picture Industry| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ViR3b72xkK0C| year = 2006| publisher = Arcadia Publishing| isbn = 978-0-7385-4501-1 }} 9. ^{{cite journal|last=Olund|first=Eric|title=Traffic in Souls: the 'new woman,' whiteness and mobile self-possession|journal=Cultural Geographies|date=October 2007|volume=16|issue=4|pages=485–504|doi=10.1177/1474474009340088|url=http://cgj.sagepub.com/content/16/4/485.short|archive-url=https://archive.is/20130201170747/http://cgj.sagepub.com/content/16/4/485.short|dead-url=yes|archive-date=2013-02-01|accessdate=November 27, 2011}} 10. ^1 {{cite journal|last=Brewster|first=Ben|title='Traffic in Souls': An Experiment in Feature-Length Narrative Construction|journal=Cinema Journal|date=Autumn 1991|volume=31|issue=1|pages=37–56|doi=10.2307/1225161|jstor=1225161}} 11. ^{{cite journal|last=Matsubara|first=Hiroyuki|title=The 1910s Anti-Prostitution Movement and the Transformation of American Political Culture|journal=The Japanese Journal of American Studies|year=2006|issue=17|pages=56|url=http://www.soc.nii.ac.jp/jaas/periodicals/JJAS/PDF/2006/No.17-053.pdf|access-date=2011-11-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426005136/http://www.soc.nii.ac.jp/jaas/periodicals/JJAS/PDF/2006/No.17-053.pdf#|archive-date=2012-04-26|dead-url=yes|df=}} 12. ^{{cite book|author1=Leonard Maltin|author2=Spencer Green|author3=Rob Edelman|title=Leonard Maltin's Classic Movie Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hLtaAAAAYAAJ|date=January 2010|publisher=Plume|isbn=978-0-452-29577-3|page=699}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://silentera.com/video/trafficInSoulsHV.html|title=Flicker Alley 2008 DVD edition|publisher=silentera.com|accessdate=May 5, 2015}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/12/movies/homevideo/12dvds.html|title=New DVDs: 'Perils of the New Land'|last=Kehr|first=Dave|date=August 11, 2008|publisher=nytimes.com|accessdate=May 5, 2015}} External links{{commonscat}}
14 : 1913 films|1910s crime films|1910s drama films|American films|American black-and-white films|American crime drama films|American silent feature films|Ellis Island|Films about prostitution in the United States|Films set in New York City|Films shot in Fort Lee|Films shot in New York City|United States National Film Registry films|Universal Pictures films |
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