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词条 Topcoder
释义

  1. History

  2. Topcoder community

      Design    Development    Data science    Competitive programming    Specialized sub-communities  

  3. Topcoder Open

  4. Notable clients and projects

      ConsenSys    Eli Lilly and Company    Fujitsu    Harvard Medical School    IARPA    IBM    Mozilla    NASA    Spigit    Topcoder Veterans Community  

  5. Notes

  6. References

  7. External links

{{merge from|Topcoder Open|discuss=Talk:Topcoder#Proposed merge with Topcoder Open|date=June 2018}}{{Infobox company
| name = Topcoder, Inc.
| logo = Topcoder Logo (Full).png
| vector_logo =
| type =
| genre =
| foundation = April 2001
| founder = Jack Hughes
| location_city = Indianapolis, IN
| location_country = USA
| origins =
| key_people =
| area_served =
| industry = Information Technology Staffing
Software
Outsourcing services
| products =
| operating_income =
| net_income =
| parent = Wipro
| subsid =
| owner =
| slogan =
| homepage = {{url|www.topcoder.com}}
| dissolved =
| footnotes =
}}

Topcoder (formerly TopCoder) is a crowdsourcing company with an open global community of designers, developers, data scientists, and competitive programmers. Topcoder pays community members for their work on the projects and sells community services to corporate, mid-size, and small-business clients.[1][2][3][4] Topcoder also organizes the annual Topcoder Open tournament and a series of smaller regional events.

History

Topcoder was founded in 2001 by Jack Hughes, Chairman and Founder of the Tallan company.[1][2][3] The name was formerly spelt as "TopCoder" until 2013. Topcoder ran regular competitive programming challenges, known as Single Round Matches or "SRMs," where each SRM was a timed 1.5-hour algorithm competition and contestants would compete against each other to solve the same set of problems. The contestants were students from different secondary schools or universities. Cash prizes ranging from $5,000 to $10,000 per match were secured from corporate sponsors and awarded to tournament winners to generate interest from the student community.[1]

As the community of designers, developers, data scientists, and competitive programmers involved in Topcoder grew, the company started to offer software development services to 3rd party clients, contracting individual community members to work on specific tasks. Most of the revenue, though, still came from consulting services provided to clients by Topcoder employees.[1][3] From 2006 onwards, Topcoder held design competitions, thus offering design services to their clients.[1] In 2006 Topcoder also started to organize Marathon Matches (MM) – one week long algorithmic contests.[5][6]

In an attempt to optimize expenses, Topcoder introduced new competition tracks in 2007-2008 and delegated more work from its employees to the community. By 2009, the size of Topcoder's staff had been reduced to 16 project managers servicing 35 clients, while the community did most of the actual work via crowdsourcing. Topcoder representatives claim that at this point their community had about 170k registered members, and the company's annual revenue was approximately $19 million.[1][3][7]

In 2013, Topcoder was acquired by Appirio, and the Topcoder community (of around 500 thousand at the time), was merged, under the Topcoder brand, with the 75k member crowdsourcing community Cloudspokes, created and managed by Appirio.[3][8][9][10][11][12][13]

In 2016, Topcoder, along with Appirio, was acquired by Wipro as a part of a $500 million deal and continued to operate as a separate company under its brand.[3][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] That year it also reached the milestone of 1 million registered members.[21]

Since the end of 2017, Topcoder has continued to offer its enterprise clients the Hybrid Crowd platform, as a way to protect intellectual property in crowdsourcing projects. In addition to the public Topcoder community, the Hybrid Crowd platform allows for the creation of certified and private crowdsourcing communities. Its certified communities include members of public Topcoder communities who are vetted for a customer's specific requirements, such as signing an additional NDA, completing a background check, or meeting any other particular certifications. The private communities may include an enterprise's employees and contractors. As the first user of Hybrid Crowd, Wipro integrated its internal (employee-only) crowdsourcing platform TopGear with Topcoder.[22][23][24][25][26]

In 2018, Topcoder celebrated its 100th Marathon Match which was held on the platform.[27][28]

Topcoder community

Estimated size of Topcoder community

DateNum. registered members
200210 000[3] – 20 000[1]
2003~30 000[1]
2004~40 000[1]
2005~60 000[1]
2006~90 000[1]
2007~120 000[1]
2008~160 000[1] – 170 000[7]
2009~220 000[1]
2013~500 000[9][29] – 600 000[30]
2014~700 000[31]
2015~850 000[32]
2016~1 000 000[21]
2018~1 200 000[33]

Topcoder community is the primary source of the workforce behind all Topcoder projects. It is open and global: anybody, with a few legal restrictions dictated by US laws, and listed in Community Terms, can join and compete, without any financial commitment to Topcoder. Also, participation in challenges organized in the interests of commercial clients generally requires the community member to sign a non-disclosure agreement. Intellectual property for the winning submissions to commercial challenges is passed to the client, in exchange for monetary prizes paid to the winners.[34][35]

While the majority of community members participate in Topcoder challenges as regular competitors, those who become recognized for their performance, and involvement in community life (via communication in Topcoder forums, attending Topcoder events, etc.), are offered additional roles in the community, which include: copilots (technical coordinators of challenges), problem writers, reviewers, etc.[34] Since the end of 2014 till the end of 2017, a Community Advisory Board (CAB) was selected from active community members for a one-year term to help improve communications between Topcoder company and its community.[36][37][38][39] In 2018 the CAB was replaced by the Topcoder MVP (Most Valuable Player) program.[40][41]

There are four primary segments of each Topcoder community, open to every member: Design, Development, Data Science, and Competitive Programming.[34] Also, since the end of 2017, Topcoder, as a part of their Hybrid Crowd offering, creates sub-communities dedicated to specific clients/projects. The sub-communities may require members to meet additional eligibility criteria before joining.[22]

Design

Topcoder design community is focused on:[42]

  • Information Architecture
    • Wireframes – With customer ideas, application and business requirements as input, competitors are challenged to create a black-and-white interactive user experience guide, able to showcase the logic and user-experience with the further application, without spending time on the exact look and feel.
    • Idea Generation – Competitors are asked to develop an idea proposed by the customer, with a written report or visual presentation as deliverables.
  • UI/UX/CX Design
    • Applications and Web Design – Competitors develop graphical designs for customer application or website; the deliverables are the actual design specifications (graphical images with associated measurements, font details, etc.) for software developers.
    • Design Concept – More informal design challenges, where participants should turn client idea into a design, which is not meant to be used for the actual development without further processing.
    • Icons design
    • Presentation Design – Infographics, print materials, PowerPoint presentations.

Two particular types of Topcoder design challenges are LUX (Live User Experience, 24 – 48 hours long) and RUX (Rapid User Experience, three days long). In both cases, more substantial prizes compared to regular design challenges with the similar goals, are offered in exchange for the shorter timeline. Short timelines allow Topcoder managers to demonstrate to customers how crowdsourcing works on real cases, during live, and few-days meetings with the clients.[42]

Development

Software development segment of Topcoder community is focused on:[43]

  • Bug Bash – Challenges concentrate on fixes of numerous small bugs in an existing software product.
  • Code – Generic software development challenges, typically with five day competition phase, and four more days for review, appeals and appeal responses. Usually, two prizes are offered, ~$600 - $1200 for the winner, and half of that for the second place.
  • First-to-Finish (F2F) – Rapid software development challenges with no fixed timeline for the competition phase. The first participant who submits a solution satisfying the specifications wins the only prize. In case of defects in a submission, that competitor is provided with review feedback as soon as possible, and allowed to submit again, with no penalty for the failed submission. Typically, such challenges have a small scope, compared to other challenge types.
  • Quality Assurance – Challenges focused on testing and search for bugs in the provided software products.[44]
  • UI Prototype – Challenges focused on frontend development. Typically, they are reviewed by scorecards paying more attention to the exact match with provided visual design specifications, and include additional phases for final fixes, compared to the regular code challenges.

Data science

There are several types of data science challenges at Topcoder; typically, they are longer than software development challenges and focused on data science and algorithms, rather than on end-user software products:[45]

  • Marathon Match (MM)[45] – A week-long algorithmic contest, in which submissions are judged objectively by an automated scoring function that feeds a live leaderboard, and multiple submission from the same competitor is encouraged during the match with no penalty. Programming languages allowed in MMs are C++, Java, Python, C#.NET, VB.NET. Topcoder has organized Marathon Matches since 2006,[5] and 100th MM was held in April 2018.[27][28] There are few similar types of challenges (Banner Match, Mini-Marathon Match), different by length and allowed programming languages.
  • Data Science First to Finish – Algorithmic contests scored by an automated scoring function, where the first competitor that reaches the specified score thresholds wins.
  • Data Science Sprint – A series of rapid data-science challenges, scored by a manual scoring function, and with no leaderboard.
  • Data Visualization – Subjectively-judged competition that asks to analyze data and propose the best way to visualize them, along with trends and/or peculiarities in data that should be highlighted. The output of such challenges serves as input into design competition that outputs the actual visualizations of the data.
  • Data Science Ideation – A challenge to discover new data/approaches/ideas for a problem with the help of a community.

Competitive programming

The Competitive Programming track of Topcoder community rotates around Single Round Matches (SRMs) – timed 1.5-hour competitions in which all participants compete online trying to solve the same set of problems as fast as possible. These were the first type of challenges at Topcoder.[1][46]

Specialized sub-communities

The following table includes the list of Topcoder sub-communities dedicated to specific technologies and/or clients (within their Hybrid Crowd offering). See {{slink|TopCoder#Notable_Clients_and_Projects}} section for further information on these sub-communities.

NamePartnersType[47]Focus
Blockchain Community[81][82][83]ConsenSyspublicBlockchain technology projects, with focus on Ethereum platform
Cognitive Community[84][85]IBMpublicCognitive computing, with a particular focus on IBM Watson services.
Veterans Community[86][87][88]Operation CodeOnly for US military veteransEducational and paid software development projects for US military veterans.

Topcoder Open

Topcoder Open (TCO) is an annual design, software development, data science and competitive programming championship, organized by Topcoder, and hosted in different venues around the US. Each year, the most successful participants of each competition track included into TCO are selected and invited for a free one-week trip to on-site finals, where they compete for prizes, and also socialize with each other, helping to build community spirit among the most active members. In the first two years, 2001 and 2002, the tournament was titled TopCoder Invitational.

In addition to the main championship, from 2001 to 2007 Topcoder organized an annual TopCoder Collegiate Challenge tournament, for college students only. Also from 2007 to 2010, a TopCoder High School competition was held.

Since 2015, Topcoder Regional events have been held through the year in different countries.

Notable clients and projects

ConsenSys

In 2017, Topcoder entered into a partnership with ConsenSys, an incubator of Ethereum projects, to promote the Topcoder Blockchain Community, and provide ConsenSys with design and development support for their blockchain projects.[48][49][50][51] In particular, Topcoder helps ConsenSys Diligence team in development of Mythril Platform, a SaaS solution for Ethereum security analysis.[52][53][54]

Eli Lilly and Company

It was reported in 2008 that Eli Lilly and Co. would use Topcoder platform to crowdsource development of IT applications for its global drug discovery operations.[55]

Fujitsu

In collaboration with TC3 and Topcoder, in 2019 Fujitsu uses the platform to popularize and promote their Digital Annealer technology for Quantum Computing.[56][57][58]

Harvard Medical School

In 2013, it was reported that researchers from Harvard Medical School, Harvard Business School, and London Business School successfully used Topcoder Community to solve complex biological problems.[59] Researchers say that Topcoder competitors approached the biology-related big-data challenge, and managed to create a more accurate and 1000 times faster alternative of BLAST algorithm.[60][61]

IARPA

Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity organization collaborates with Topcoder to create innovative algorithms for intelligence applications. From July 2017 to February 2018 it ran the Functional Map of the World challenge to develop deep learning algorithms capable of scanning and identifying in satellite imagery different classes of objects, such as airports, schools, oil wells, shipyards, or ports .[62][63] In the ongoing Mercury challenge it aims to create AI methods for automated prediction of critical events, involving military action, non-violent civil unrest, and infectious diseases in Middle East.[64]

IBM

Since 2016 IBM has been collaborating with Topcoder to promote their cloud platform, IBM Cloud, and IBM Watson services, in particular.[65][66][67][68][69][70] Within this partnership, Topcoder has created a dedicated Cognitive sub-community and run numerous educational and customer-oriented challenges.[71][72][73]

Mozilla

In 2018 Mozilla has partnered with Topcoder to run a data science challenge devoted to automatic triaging of bugs in a bug-tracking system with help of AI methods.[74][75]

NASA

In 2010, NASA asked the Topcoder community to optimize the contents of medical kits for future human space exploration missions.[76]

In 2013, NASA Tournament Lab cooperated with Topcoder to run data-science challenges targeting to improve computer vision algorithms for their Robonaut 2 humanoid robot;[77][78][79] in another challenge, Topcoder members were asked to develop algorithms for optimization of ISS solar arrays usage.[80] Also in 2013 Topcoder helped NASA to develop a software solution for tracking food consumption by astronauts.[81]

In another challenge, Topcoder community helped NASA and National Geographic's explorer [https://www.nationalgeographic.org/find-explorers/explorers/4642934E/albert-lin Albert Lin] to develop an algorithm to identify human-build structures in Genghis Khan's homeland.[82][83]

In 2014, Asteroid Data Hunter, Asteroid Tracker, and many other challenges were carried on to develop better algorithms for asteroids detection in space images.[84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103]

In 2015, the Topcoder Data Science community was challenged by NASA, Quakefinder, Harvard Crowd Innovation Lab, and Amazon Web Services, to come up with an algorithm that finds correlations between ultra-low frequency electromagnetic signals emanating from the earth, and subsequent moderate and large earthquakes.[104][105]

In 2017, NASA, HeroX, and Topcoder announced a challenge to optimize their computational-intensive software solution for fluid dynamics, FUN3D,[106][107][108][109][110] which was cancelled later due to a high number of applicants (more than 1,800) during the registration, coupled with concerns about control over the public distribution of the software to optimize.[111]

In 2018, a data science challenge is running currently to develop better algorithms for tracking of RFID-tagged items within the International Space Station.[112][113]

Spigit

An exclusive partnership between Topcoder and [https://www.spigit.com/ Spigit], a provider of full lifecycle idea management software, was announced in July 2018.[114]

Topcoder Veterans Community

At the end of 2017 Topcoder, together with Operation Code non-profit charity, announced the launch of Topcoder Veterans Community, that will focus on helping US military veterans to make their way into tech careers in software development via education programs and paid crowdsourcing challenges.[115][116][117][118]

== See also ==

  • ACM International Collegiate Programming Contest
  • CodeChef
  • CodeFights
  • Codeforces
  • Facebook Hacker Cup
  • Google Code Jam
  • HackerRank
  • ICFP Programming Contest
  • Internet Problem Solving Contest
  • Kaggle
  • Online judge
  • SPOJ
  • UVa Online Judge

Notes

1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 {{Cite journal|last=|first=|vauthors=Lakhani KR, Garvin DA, Lonstein E|date=January 2010|title=TopCoder (A): Developing Software through Crowdsourcing|url=https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=38356|journal=Harvard Business School Case|volume=|pages=610-032|via=}}
2. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/peter-diamandis/topcoders-5-steps-to-buil_b_2916499.html|title=TopCoder’s 5 Steps to Building a Global Workforce Community|last1=DIamandis|first1=Peter|date=March 20, 2013|website=The Huffington Post|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|accessdate=15 April 2016}}
3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{Cite web|url=http://www.sramanamitra.com/2018/01/02/genesis-to-acquisition-mike-morris-ceo-of-topcoder-part-1/|title=Genesis to Acquisition: Mike Morris, CEO of Topcoder|last=Mitra|first=Sramana|date=January 2, 2018|website=One Million by One Million Blog|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=March 30, 2018}}
4. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnwinsor/2019/02/20/dont-retrain-your-team-instead-tap-the-expertise-of-gig-workers-on-demand/#13344ecd8960|title=Don't Retrain Your Team - Instead, Tap The Expertise Of Git Workers On Demand|last=Winsor|first=John|date=February 20, 2019|website=Forbes|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=February 21, 2019}}
5. ^1 {{Cite web|url=https://www.topcoder.com/blog/marathon-match-how-it-all-began/|title=Marathon Matches: How They All Began|last=|first=|date=April 10, 2018|website=Topcoder Blog|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=April 12, 2018}}
6. ^The first Marathon Match at Topcoder took place from May 10 to May 17, 2006: https://community.topcoder.com/tc?module=MatchDetails&rd=10015
7. ^1 {{Cite news|url=https://www.infoworld.com/article/2653445/applications/topcoder-eyeing-smb-market.html|title=TopCoder eyeing SMB market|last=Kanaracus|first=Chris|date=October 15, 2008|work=InfoWorld|access-date=April 4, 2018|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}}
8. ^{{Cite news|url=https://hub.appirio.com/tech-blog/appirio-is-making-big-changes-to-the-topcoder-community-and-improving-the-member-experience|title=Appirio is Making Big Changes to the Topcoder Community and Improving the Member Experience|last=Klemp|first=Nicole|date=November 19, 2015|work=|access-date=April 4, 2018|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}}
9. ^1 TechCrunch report {{cite web|url=https://techcrunch.com/2013/09/17/appirio-buys-topcoder-to-add-more-crowdsourcing-and-500k-developers-and-designers-to-its-cloudspokes-network|title=Appirio Buys TopCoder To Add More Crowdsourcing, And 500K Developers And Designers, To Its CloudSpokes Network|last=Lunden|first=Ingrid|date=September 17, 2013|website=TechCrunch|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|accessdate=2014-01-15}}
10. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/appirio-officially-unifies-cloudspokes-and-topcoder/|title=Appirio officially unifies CloudSpokes and topcoder|last=Clancy|first=Heather|date=January 21, 2014|work=ZD Net|access-date=April 4, 2018|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}}
11. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.itnews.com/article/2115211/development/topcoder-merges-appirio-cloudspokes.html|title=Topcoder lets developers compete to build the best app for your business|last=Weinberger|first=Matt|date=January 15, 2014|work=IT News|access-date=April 8, 2018|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}}
12. ^{{Cite news|url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/appirio-relaunches-topcoder-140000263.html|title=Appirio Relaunches Topcoder|last=|first=|date=January 15, 2014|work=Marketwire|access-date=April 8, 2018|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}}
13. ^{{Cite news|url=https://tbkconsult.com/appirio-acquires-topcoder-creating-the-worlds-largest-professional-development-and-design-community/|title=Appirio Acquires Topcoder, Creating The World's Largest Professional Development And Design Community|last=Vanbecelaere|first=Luc|date=October 11, 2013|work=TBKconsult|access-date=April 10, 2018|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}}
14. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.topcoder.com/blog/wipro-acquires-appirio-a-topcoder-community-members-perspective/|title=Wipro Acquires Appirio - A Topcoder Community Member's Perspective|last=Kheterpal|first=Gaurav|date=October 24, 2016|work=Topcoder Blog|access-date=April 4, 2018|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}}
15. ^{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/deals/-ma/Appirios-TopCoder-too-is-a-big-catch-for-Wipro/articleshow/54970568.cms|title=Appirio's TopCoder too is a big catch for Wipro|last=Phadnisi|first=Shilpa|date=October 21, 2016|work=The Times of India|access-date=April 4, 2018|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}}
16. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.topcoder.com/blog/news-item-wipro-acquires-appirio/|title=News Item: Wipro Acquires Appirio|last=Morris|first=Mike|date=October 20, 2016|work=Topcoder Blog|access-date=April 4, 2018|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}}
17. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.pcworld.com/article/3133413/wipro-is-buying-cloud-consultant-appirio-for-500m.html|title=Wipro is buying cloud consultant Appirio for $500M|last=Sayer|first=Peter|date=October 20, 2016|work=PCWorld|access-date=April 4, 2018|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}}
18. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www2.staffingindustry.com/row/Editorial/Daily-News/India-Wipro-to-acquire-cloud-services-company-Appirio-39788|title=India - Wipro to Acquire Cloud Services Company, Appirio|last=|first=|date=October 24, 2016|work=Staffing Industry Analysts|access-date=April 8, 2018|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}}
19. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.horsesforsources.com/abid-HfS-interview_301116|title=Wipro bids for As-a-Service... with Abid|last=Fersht|first=Phil|date=November 29, 2016|work=Horses for Sources|access-date=April 14, 2018|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}}
20. ^{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/ites/with-the-acquisition-of-appirio-wipro-expects-to-stay-ahead-of-the-game/articleshow/55020652.cms|title=With the acquisition of Appirio, Wipro expects to stay ahead of the game|last=Mendonca|first=Jochelle|date=October 24, 2016|work=The Economic Times|access-date=April 14, 2018|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}}
21. ^1 {{Cite news|url=https://www.topcoder.com/blog/1-million-members-strong/|title=Topcoder Community: 1 Million Members Strong|last=|first=|date=May 8, 2016|work=Topcoder Blog|access-date=April 4, 2018|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}}
22. ^1 {{Cite news|url=https://www.wipro.com/newsroom/press-releases/2017/topcoder-launches-hybrid-crowd-to-deliver-new-levels-of-on-demand-talent-to-the-enterprise/|title=Topcoder Launches Hybrid Crowd to Deliver New Levels of On-Demand Talent to the Enterprise|last=|first=|date=December 12, 2017|work=Wipro Newsroom|access-date=April 14, 2018|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}}
23. ^{{Cite news|url=http://smartinvestor.business-standard.com/market/interviews-438102-interviewsdet-We_have_put_in_the_basic_ingredients_to_execute_well_Wipro_COO.htm#.WtJt6nVuYUE|title=We have put in the basic ingredients to execute well: Wipro COO|last=Peermohamed|first=Alnoor|date=January 25, 2017|work=SmartInvestor.in|access-date=April 14, 2018|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|last2=Krishnan|first2=Raghu}}
24. ^{{Cite news|url=https://research.nelson-hall.com/sourcing-expertise/it-services/?avpage-views=blog&type=post&post_id=722|title=Wipro Converging its Crowdtesting Activities Around QaaS & Topcoder|last=Raviart|first=Dominique|date=October 4, 2017|work=Nelson Hall|access-date=April 14, 2018|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}}
25. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/LNwDEZfTOVghZcdibAJypM/Wipros-Top-Gun-A-new-work-construct-in-the-digital-age.html|title=Wipro's Top Gear: A new work construct in the 'digital' age|last=Pai|first=Siddharth|date=June 6, 2017|work=Live Mint|access-date=April 14, 2018|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}}
26. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/peterbendorsamuel/2017/12/18/wipro-launches-hybrid-crowd-in-move-to-capture-digital-expertise/#7155a586732a|title=Wipro Launches Hybrid Crowd In Move To Capture Digital Expertise|last=Bendor-Samuel|first=Peter|date=December 18, 2017|work=Forbes|access-date=April 29, 2018}}
27. ^1 {{Cite news|url=https://www.topcoder.com/blog/marathon-match-100-prizes-t-shirts/|title=Marathon Match 100 with Prizes & T-Shirts|last=|first=|date=April 11, 2018|work=Topcoder Blog|access-date=|archive-url=|archive-date=April 12, 2018|dead-url=}}
28. ^1 {{Cite news|url=https://www.topcoder.com/blog/marathon-match-100-winners/|title=Marathon Match 100: Winners and More!|last=|first=|date=May 4, 2018|work=Topcoder Blog|access-date=May 8, 2018}}
29. ^In 2013, ~500k registered members was the estimated size of Topcoder community before its merge with ~75k members strong CloudSpokes community. Hence, after the merge the size of resulting community became ~575 000 registered members.
30. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.marketwired.com/press-release/leaders-in-change-and-innovation-to-keynote-topcoder-open-innovation-summit-1841086.htm|title=Leaders in Change and Innovation to Keynote TopCoder Open Innovation Summit|last=|first=|date=October 15, 2013|work=Market Wired|access-date=April 18, 2018|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}}
31. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/appirio-and-industry-leaders-host-2014-topcoder-open-to-celebrate-how-developers-are-changing-the-world-280765642.html|title=Appirio and Industry Leaders Host 2014 Topcoder Open to Celebrate How Developers Are Changing the World|last=|first=|date=October 29, 2014|work=CISION PR Newswire|access-date=April 16, 2018|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}}
32. ^{{Cite news|url=https://hub.appirio.com/news/top-programmers-and-designers-travel-to-compete-in-the-2015-topcoder-open-india-regional-event|title=Top programmers and Designers Travel to Compete in the 2015 Topcoder Open India Regional Event|last=|first=|date=August 20, 2015|work=Appirio Newsroom|access-date=April 16, 2018|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}}
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113. ^{{Cite web|url=https://solutions.topcoder.com/nasa-iss-rfid-localization|title=NASA International Space Station RFID Localization Challenge|last=|first=|date=|website=Topcoder|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=September 28, 2018}}
114. ^{{Cite news|url=https://globenewswire.com/news-release/2018/07/10/1535365/0/en/Spigit-Announces-Exclusive-Partnership-with-Topcoder-to-Accelerate-and-Optimize-Execution-of-Digital-Transformation-Initiatives.html|title=Spigit Announces Exlusive Partnership with Topcoder to Accelerate and Optimize Execution of Digital Transofmation Initiatives|last=|first=|date=July 10, 2018|work=Globe Newswire|access-date=July 10, 2018}}
115. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://veterans.topcoder.com/|title=Topcoder Veterans Community|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
116. ^{{Cite web|url=https://operationcode.org/|title=Operation Code|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
117. ^1 {{Cite news|url=https://www.wipro.com/newsroom/press-releases/2017/topcoder-launches-crowdsourcing-community-to-help-us-military-veterans-transition-to-technology-jobs/|title=Topcoder Launches Crowdsourcing Community to Help U.S. Military Veterans Transition to Technology Jobs|last=|first=|date=December 14, 2017|work=Wipro Press Release|access-date=April 8, 2017|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}}
118. ^1 {{Cite news|url=http://www.computerworld.in/media-releases/topcoder-provides-employment-oppurtunities-us-military-veterans|title=Topcoder provides employment opportunities for US Military veterans|last=|first=|date=December 18, 2017|work=Computer World|access-date=April 8, 2018|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}}

References

{{reflist}}

External links

  • {{Official website|http://www.topcoder.com}}
{{Finance links
| name = Topcoder, Inc.
| symbol =
| sec_cik = 1156077
| hoovers = TopCoder_Inc.1b2bee26272178e8
| google = 5757753
| yahoo = 125/125740
}}

2 : Companies established in 2001|Programming contests
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