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词条 Travancore Tamil Nadu Congress
释义

  1. History

  2. Notes

  3. References

{{EngvarB|date=February 2014}}{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2014}}

The Travancore Tamil Nadu Congress (TTNC) was a political party in the Indian state of Travancore-Cochin. The party was led by A. Nesamony.[1]

History

The Kingdom of Travancore was a princely state of India. Its population included an ethnic Malayalees majority and a Tamil minority; the latter suffered linguistic discrimination in education,[1] and leaders of Tamil organisations expressed concern about disadvantage from lack of economic development.[2][3] The Tamil minority formed several political parties, one of them being Travancore Tamil Nadu Congress.[4]

The party's original platform was the formation of a separate Tamil state within Travancore.[5] The party contested the first Travancore constituent assembly election in 1948 and won 14 seats in the 120-seat legislature.[6]

In 1949, as part of the integration of India, Kingdom of Travancore merged with Kingdom of Cochin, another princely state, to form Travancore-Cochin.[7] Rajpramukh became the Governor. The Travancore Tamil Nadu Congress party won 9[9] or 10[8] seats in the first Travancore-Cochin assembly election. In the assembly, it supported the Indian National Congress to form a ruling coalition. It withdrew this support after 19 months because of differences with Congress over policy regarding Tamil-speaking parts of the state.[9] In the second assembly election in 1954, TTNC won 12 seats.[6] In the same year, TTNC called for the merger of Tamil-dominated taluks such as Thovalai, Agasteeswaram, Kalkulam, Vilavancode, Neyyatinkarai, Shenkottai, Devikulam and Peermade with Madras state.[10] In August 1954, a street protest organised by the TTNC in support of these mergers took a violent turn. Police attempting to maintain control opened fire on protesters. Four people were killed and about a dozen sustained injuries.[11]

Following the recommendations of the States Reorganisation Commission, the States Reorganisation Act, 1956 restructured Indian regional jurisdictions. In this process, some Tamil regions (present day Kanyakumari district{{efn|Kanyakumari district consists of former Travancore taluks such as Agastheeswaram, Kallkkulam, Thovalai and Vilavancode[15]}}) of Travancore-Cochin merged with Madras state (present day Tamil Nadu{{efn|Madras state renamed as Tamil Nadu on 14 January 1969[12]}}) on 1 November 1956.[13][14] Other Tamil-majority areas remained in Travancore–Kochin, including Neiyatrinkarai South, Nedumankadu East, Devikulam and Peermedu. Following this reorganisation, the Travancore Tamil Nadu Congress successfully fielded a candidate in the Travancore–Kochin state election; once in the Assembly, he lobbied for amalgamation of further Tamil areas into the Tamil Nadu state.[15]

After the merger of the regions, the leaders dissolved the party in 1957 and joined the ruling Congress party.[16]

Notes

{{notelist}}

References

1. ^1 {{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/remembering-marshal-nesamony/article4057148.ece | title=Remembering Marshal Nesamony | work=The Hindu | date=2 November 2012 | accessdate=3 February 2014}}
2. ^{{cite book|author1=Kumari Thanthai, Marshall A. Nesamony|author2=Dr.Peter, Dr. Ivy Peter,|author3=Peter|title=Liberation of the Oppressed a Continuous Struggle|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p_nHft2p3moC&pg=PA244|publisher=History Kanyakumari District|page=244|id=GGKEY:4WSDDCN93JK}}
3. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/veteran-congress-leader-dennis-dead/article4837949.ece | title=Veteran Congress leader Dennis dead | work=The Hindu | date=22 June 2013 | accessdate=22 February 2014}}
4. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.kanniyakumarihistory.com/kkhistory.html | title=Kanniyakumari History | publisher=History council of Kanniyakumari district | accessdate=21 February 2014}}
5. ^{{cite book|author1=Kumari Thanthai, Marshall A. Nesamony|author2=Dr.Peter, Dr. Ivy Peter,|author3=Peter|title=Liberation of the Oppressed a Continuous Struggle|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p_nHft2p3moC&pg=PA135|publisher=History Kanyakumari District|page=135|id=GGKEY:4WSDDCN93JK}}
6. ^1 {{cite web | url=http://kerala.gov.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3776&Itemid=3022 | title=History of Kerala Legislature | publisher=Government of Kerala | accessdate=3 February 2014 | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6CF88hkac?url=http://kerala.gov.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3776&Itemid=3022 | archivedate=17 November 2012 | df=dmy-all }}
7. ^{{cite book|author1=John Jeya Paul|author2=Keith E. Yandell|title=Religion and Public Culture: Encounters and Identities in Modern South India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x3GuKnZTGG4C&pg=PA189|year=2000|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-0-7007-1101-7|page=189}}
8. ^{{cite book|last=Chander|first=N. Jose|title=Coalition Politics: The Indian Experience|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|date=2004|pages=74|isbn=9788180690921}}
9. ^1 {{cite book|author=Meera Srivastava|title=Constitutional Crisis in the States in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DAroH5ZqPgsC&pg=PA50|year=1980|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|page=50|id=GGKEY:0BS5QYU7XF2}}
10. ^{{cite news | url=http://www.theweekendleader.com/Causes/912/Idukki-for-TN.html | title=Historically and demographically, Peermedu and Devikulam taluks belong to TN | work=The weekendleader | date=6 January 2012 | accessdate=3 February 2014}}
11. ^{{cite book|author=Manisha|title=Profiles of Indian Prime Ministers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lSCyVxEg2t4C&pg=PA311|year=2010|publisher=Mittal Publications|isbn=978-81-7099-976-8|page=311}}
12. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/history/history.htm | title=Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly History | publisher=Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly | accessdate=20 February 2014}}
13. ^1 {{cite web | url=http://www.tn.gov.in/district_details/573 | title=Nagercoil | publisher=Government of Tamil Nadu | accessdate=18 February 2014}}
14. ^{{cite news | url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/Floral-tributes-on-Kumari-TN-merger-day-to-Nesamony/2013/11/01/article1867432.ece | title=Floral tributes on Kumari-TN merger day to Nesamony | work=The New Indian Express | date=1 November 2011 | accessdate=3 February 2014 | quote=November 1, the day of merger of Kanyakumari district with Tamil Nadu}}
15. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.theweekendleader.com/Causes/912/Idukki-for-TN.html#sthash.zIoI2iPJ.dpu|title=Historically and demographically, Peermedu and Devikulam taluks belong to TNf|last=Arunachalam|first=S|date=6 January 2012|work=The Weekend Leader|accessdate=20 May 2014}}
16. ^{{cite book|author1=Kumari Thanthai, Marshall A. Nesamony|author2=Dr.Peter, Dr. Ivy Peter,|author3=Peter|title=Liberation of the Oppressed a Continuous Struggle|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p_nHft2p3moC&pg=PA130|publisher=History Kanyakumari District|page=130|id=GGKEY:4WSDDCN93JK}}

6 : Political parties in Travancore-Cochin|Defunct political parties in India|Political parties established in 1947|Political parties disestablished in 1957|1947 establishments in India|1957 disestablishments in India
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