“Tree of Liberty (newspaper)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Tree of Liberty (newspaper)

释义

References
Bibliography

{{Infobox newspaper
| name = Tree of Liberty
| image = File:Tree of Liberty 1802-02-13.jpg
| image_size = 200px
| caption = Front page, 13 February 1802
| type = Weekly newspaper
| founder = John D. Israel
| foundation = {{Start date|1800|08|16|df=y}}^[1]
| political = Democratic-Republican
| language = English
| ceased publication = circa 1810^[1]
| publishing_country = United States
| publishing_city = Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
}}

The Tree of Liberty, published weekly from 1800 to about 1810, was the second newspaper in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.^[2] John D. Israel established the paper and issued it from a building owned by Hugh Henry Brackenridge.{{sfn|Field|1937|p=233}} Israel's columns promoted the Democratic-Republican politics of Thomas Jefferson while denouncing Federalists and their local organ, the Pittsburgh Gazette.{{sfn|Field|1937|pp=233, 261}}

With the issue of 24 December 1805, Walter Forward assumed control of the paper with the participation of his friends Henry Baldwin and Tarleton Bates.{{sfn|Field|1937|p=234}}{{sfn|Van Trump|Cannon|1974|p=310}} In that time of disunity among Pennsylvania's Democratic-Republicans, the Tree sided with the moderate wing of the party supporting Governor Thomas McKean and clashed with the Commonwealth, a mouthpiece for the party's radical anti-McKean faction.{{sfn|Van Trump|Cannon|1974|pp=310–311}} Abuse from the Commonwealth led to Bates assaulting that paper's editor with a whip, and finally to the death of Bates in a duel.{{sfn|Van Trump|Cannon|1974|pp=311–314}} The Tree changed hands from Forward to William Foster in April 1807,^[3] after which it remained in publication for approximately three years.^[2]

References

1. ^¹{{cite web|website=Chronicling America|title=About The Tree of liberty|publisher=Library of Congress|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84026246/ |accessdate=21 September 2014}}
2. ^¹{{cite journal|last=Iacone|first=Audrey Abbott|journal=Pittsburgh History|title=Early Printing in Pittsburgh, 1786–1856|volume=73|issue=2|date=Summer 1990|page=68|url=https://journals.psu.edu/wph/article/view/4199/4016 }}
3. ^{{cite news|newspaper=The Commonwealth|location=Pittsburgh|date=29 April 1807|title=[untitled]|at=p. 2, col. 1}}

Bibliography

{{cite journal|last=Field|first=Alston G.|journal=The Western Pennsylvania Historical Magazine|volume=20|issue=4|date=December 1937|title=The Press in Western Pennsylvania to 1812|pages=231–264|url=http://journals.psu.edu/wph/article/view/59222/58947 |ref=harv}}
{{cite journal|last1=Van Trump|first1=James D.|last2=Cannon|first2=James Brian|journal=The Western Pennsylvania Historical Magazine|volume=57|issue=3|date=July 1974|title=An Affair of Honor: Pittsburgh's Last Duel|pages=307–315|url=http://journals.psu.edu/wph/article/view/3278/3109 |ref=harv}}

4 : Defunct newspapers of Pittsburgh|Defunct weekly newspapers|Publications established in 1800|1800 establishments in Pennsylvania

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