“Toru Kumon”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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Toru Kumon

释义

References

{{nihongo|Toru Kumon|公文公|Kumon Tōru|extra=November 17, 1914 – July 25, 1995}} was a Japanese mathematics educator, born in Kōchi Prefecture, Japan.^[1] He graduated from the College of Science at Osaka University with a degree in mathematics and taught high school mathematics in his home town of Osaka.^[1] In 1954, his son, Takeshi, performed poorly in a Year 2 mathematics test. Prompted by his wife, Teikonisila

, Toru closely examined Takeshi's textbooks and believed they lacked the proper opportunity for a child to practice and master a topic. As a result, he began to hand write worksheets each day for his son. By the time Takeshi was in Year 6, he was able to solve differential and integral calculus usually seen in the final years of high school. This was the beginning of the Kumon Method of Learning and by the end of his life he went to help.

As a result of Takeshi's progress, other parents became interested in Kumon's ideas, and in 1956, the first Kumon Center was opened in Osaka, Japan.{{cn|date=August 2014}} In 1958, Toru Kumon founded the Kumon Institute of Education, which set the standards for the Kumon Centers that began to open around the world.^[1]

The Kumon Programs are designed to strengthen a student's fundamental maths and language skills by studying worksheets tailored to a student's ability. The method also aims for students to learn independently and to study advanced material beyond their school grade level.

Students progress once they demonstrate mastery of a topic. Kumon defined mastery as being able to achieve an excellent score on the material in a given time. Kumon strongly emphasised the concepts of time and accuracy.{{cn|date=August 2014}}

Even in his later years, Toru Kumon gave lectures on his method of learning including the importance of having students learn material that is suited to their ability and not their age and the benefits of allowing students to learn material well ahead of their grade level.

Toru Kumon died in Osaka on July 25, 1995 at the age of 81 from pneumonia.^[2] There is a Toru Kumon museum in Osaka, Japan and a Kumon Foundation Day celebrated on October 20 each year. Asteroid 3569 Kumon is named after him.^[3]

References

1. ^¹²{{cite web|url=http://kumongroup.com/eng/toru/index.html|title=The Birth of Kumon: The Story of Toru Kumon|publisher=Kumon Group|accessdate=2014-08-13}}
2. ^{{cite news |first = Robert Mcg.|last = Thomas, Jr.|authorlink = Robert McG. Thomas|title = Toru Kumon, Innovator, 81, In Math Studies|date = 1995-07-27|url = https://www.nytimes.com/1995/07/27/obituaries/toru-kumon-innovator-81-in-math-studies.html|work = The New York Times|accessdate = 2010-07-05}}
3. ^{{citation|title=Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Volume 1|first=Lutz|last=Schmadel|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|year=2003|isbn=9783540002383|page=300|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VoJ5nUyIzCsC&pg=PA300}}.

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