| 词条 | Trondheim Airport, Øysand |
| 释义 |
| name = Trondheim Airport, Øysand | nativename = | image = | image-width = | caption = | IATA = | ICAO = | type = Military | owner = | operator = Luftwaffe | city-served = Trondheim, Norway | location = Øysand, Melhus | metric-elev = y | elevation-m = | elevation-f = | coordinates = {{coord|63.3323|N|010.2274|E|region:NO|display=inline,title}} | pushpin_map = Norway | pushpin_relief = yes | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_label = Øysand | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_mapsize = 300 | pushpin_image = | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Norway | website = | metric-rwy = y | r1-number = | r1-length-f = | r1-length-m = | r1-surface = }} Trondheim Airport, Øysand ({{lang-no|Trondheim flyplass, Øysand}}) was a military air base situated at Øysand in Melhus, Norway. Established by Luftwaffe in 1940, remained in use throughout the Second World War, until 1945. The airfield consisted of a wooden runway measuring {{convert|1800|by|60|m|sp=us}}. The airport was little used and only a squadron of meteorological observation aircraft where stationed there. Its main role thus remained as a backup of the larger air stations of Ørland and Værnes. Øysand was proposed as the site to build the German exclave Nordstern, but the plans never materialized. HistoryPlanning of Øysand commenced on 6 May 1940, just a month after the German invasion of Norway. Surveying was carried out by geologist K. Richter on behalf of Luftwaffe. He considered both Øysand and Høstad in Byneset and found the former to be most suitable. Richter proposed three different runway configurations, varying between {{convert|1800|and|1200|m|sp=us}} in length.[1] There was no German contractors available in Trøndelag at the time and therefore Luftwaffe organized construction with Norwegian workers, bused from Trondheim every day. The local school, chapel and youth center were requisitioned for storage space.[2] The work was sufficient by August 1940 that the airport could be used. It was a "field airport", so that it was not intended to have a garrison,[3] receiving a {{convert|1800|by|60|m|sp=us|adj=on}} runway.[4] German soldiers initially stayed at surrounding farms, until the 1941 opening of the barracks.[3] A radio station was first established at Øyås, later moved to Finnset.[5] Only in the summer of 1944 was the airfield upgraded to a firm, wooden structure,[7][6] This was because of difficulties in procuring sufficient wood for the runway.[3] Øysand's role was mostly to act as a reserve airport for Ørland and Værnes. It had a major ammunition storage and was commonly used to restock Junkers Ju 88s. Ju 52 transporters were another common sight.[7] Ten dummy aircraft of Messerschmitt Bf 109 fighters were placed to fool intelligence.[8] The German Army used the airfield on occasion for training. This included a 1942 training with flame fougasses.[9] The airport was selected as the ground aerodrome to serve any German aircraft carriers when these were in the Trondheimsfjord. However, the termination of the carrier program caused these plans to be shelved. A fixed wooden surface was installed on the runway in mid-1944,[10] allowing Øysand to play a role in the North Atlantic weather war.[11] From November 1944,[10] Wetterstaffel 3 was stationed at Øysand,[11] using Ju 88 and Ju 188 aircraft[12] for meteorological observations in the North Atlantic.[11] The Kriegsmarine established a major presence in Norway, but was cut off without a major naval port and dry dock. Øysand was proposed as a suitable site for such naval base, which would have been built up as a major air force and naval site. Estimates for the plans, which were named Nordstern, were for a population of 250,000 of exclusively Germans.[13] However, all that was ever realized at Øysand was the airfield and a small army base, as well as a series of prison camps.[14] FacilitiesThe airport was situated at Øysand in Melhus, a flat agricultural peninsula in Gaulosen, the delta of the river Gaula.[15] The airport originally featured a wooden runway measuring {{convert|1800|by|60|m|sp=us|adj=on}}.[4] This was later upgraded and given wooden surface measuring {{convert|1175|by|100|m|sp=us}}.[10] Taxiways were built in a fan-shape out from the runway, leading to aircraft shelters. These received earthwork walls to protect them for enemy fire.[4] A radio station at Finnset received two antennas and was manned with between two and five people at any time.[16] The air defense consisted of a 20 mm gun situated just south of Reitbakken, as well as machine gun positions in Øyberget.[3] The airfield was also covered by the artillery position between Nypan and Kvammen, which had an 88 mm gun, a 10.5 cm gun and a 12.8 cm gun. However, these were not primarily aimed at air defense but rather as part of the coastal artillery. However, they had excellent coverage of the air space of Øysand.[9] Accidents and incidents
References1. ^Brovold: 23 2. ^Brovold: 24 3. ^1 2 3 Brovold: 26 4. ^1 2 Brovold: 28 5. ^Brovold: 29 6. ^Brovold: 27 7. ^Brovold: 34 8. ^Brovold: 35 9. ^1 2 Brovold: 37 10. ^1 2 3 Hafsten: 319 11. ^1 2 Brovold: 38 12. ^Hafsten: 225 13. ^Spotts: 331 14. ^Brovold: 7 15. ^Brovold: 10 16. ^Brovold: 30 17. ^Brovold: 39 Bibliography
7 : Airports in Trøndelag|Luftwaffe airports in Norway|Melhus|1940 establishments in Norway|1945 disestablishments in Norway|Airports established in 1940|Military installations in Trøndelag |
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