词条 | Torx | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
Torx (pronounced {{IPAc-en|t|ɔr|k|s}}), developed in 1967[1] by Camcar Textron,[2] is the trademark for a type of screw head characterized by a 6-point star-shaped pattern. A popular generic name for the drive is star, as in star screwdriver or star bits. The official generic name, standardized by the International Organization for Standardization as ISO 10664, is hexalobular internal.[3] This is sometimes abbreviated in databases and catalogs as 6lobe (starting with the numeral 6, not the capital letter, G). Torx Plus is an improved head profile. Torx screws are commonly found on automobiles, motorcycles, bicycle brake systems (disc brakes), hard disk drives, computer systems and consumer electronics. Initially, they were sometimes used in applications requiring tamper resistance, since the drive systems and screwdrivers were not widely available; as drivers became more common, tamper-resistant variants, as described below, were developed.[4] Torx screws are also becoming increasingly popular in construction industries. Principles of operationBy design, Torx head screws resist cam-out better than Phillips head or slot head screws.[1] Whereas the tendency of Phillips drivers to cam out under excessive torque has been listed as a feature preventing damage to the screw-head or driver,[5] Torx heads were designed to prevent cam-out. The development of better torque-limiting automatic screwdrivers for use in factories allowed this change. Rather than rely on the tool to slip out of the screw head when a desired torque level is reached (which risks damage to the driver tip, screw head, and/or workpiece), torque-limiting driver designs achieve a desired torque consistently. The Torx design allows for a higher torque to be exerted than a similarly sized conventional hex socket head without damaging the head and/or the tool.[1] The diagram depicts the interaction between the male and female components of a conventional hex drive and a Torx drive. The clearance between the components is exaggerated for clarity. The green circle, passing through the six points of contact between the two components, represents the direction of the rotational force being exerted at each of those points. Because the plane of contact is not perpendicular to this circle, a radial force is also generated which tends to "burst" the female component and "crush" the male one. If this radial force component is too great for the material to withstand, it will cause the corners to be rounded off one or both components or will split the sides of the female part. The magnitude of this force is proportional to the cotangent of the angle (depicted in orange) between the green circle and the contact plane. For the Torx type of design, the angle is much closer to 90º than in the case of the hex head, and so for a given torque the potentially damaging radial force is much lower. This property allows the head of the fastener to be smaller for the same required torque, which can be an advantage in applications where space to accommodate the head is limited. The disadvantage on older Torx heads is that the smaller internal "splines" can corrode relatively easily and cause the Torx driver to slip and damage the head, making it more difficult to remove than the traditional hexagon head. Sizing{{Screws}}Torx head sizes are described using the capital letter "T" followed by a number ranging from T1 to T100.[6] A smaller number corresponds to a smaller point-to-point dimension of the screw head (diameter of circle circumscribed on the cross-section of the tip of the screw driver). Common sizes include T10, T15, and T25, while T5.5, T35, and T47 tend to see specialized use. Only the proper driver can drive a specific head size without risk of damaging the driver or screw. The same series of Torx drivers is used to drive SAE, metric and other thread system fasteners, reducing the number of bit sizes required. The "external" variants of Torx head sizes (see below) are described using the capital letter "E" followed by a number ranging from E4 to E44.[7] The "E" numbers are different from the "T" numbers of the same size: for example, an E4 Torx socket fits a T20 head.[6]
Variants
Competitive variantsAW drive is a similar hexalobular type screw head to Torx, with a tapered profile to aid in centering, developed by the Würth Group in Germany.[24] Available in five sizes: AW 10, AW 20, AW 25, AW 30 and AW 40.[25]GallerySee also
References1. ^1 2 {{US patent|3584667}}, Bernard F Reiland, "Coupling arrangement and tools for same", filed 1967-03-21 2. ^Camcar eventually became part of Textron Fastening Systems in the 1990s. In 2006 Textron Fastening Systems was sold to Platinum Equities, LLC, of Beverly Hills, California. They renamed the company Acument Global Technologies, which as of 2010 includes Avdel, Camcar, Ring Screw, and others. In 2014, Acument was sold from Platinum Equity to Fontana Gruppo. 3. ^{{citation |title=ISO 10664:2005 |url=http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=40257 |publisher=ISO.org |accessdate=2012-01-14}} 4. ^{{cite journal|author1=Paul Sharke |title=Fast and Secure: how much proof is tamperproof? |journal=Mechanical Engineering |date=June 2005 |volume=127 |issue=6 |page=32 |url=http://www.memagazine.org/backissues/membersonly/june05/features/fastand/fastand.html |accessdate=2012-01-14 |issn=0025-6501 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070209152751/http://www.memagazine.org/backissues/membersonly/june05/features/fastand/fastand.html |archivedate=2007-02-09 |df= }} 5. ^{{cite web | url = http://pdfpiw.uspto.gov/.piw?PageNum=7&docid=02474994&IDKey=14D96AF311E8&HomeUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fpatft.uspto.gov%2Fnetacgi%2Fnph-Parser%3FSect2%3DPTO1%2526Sect2%3DHITOFF%2526p%3D1%2526u%3D%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html%2526r%3D1%2526f%3DG%2526l%3D50%2526d%3DPALL%2526S1%3D2474994.PN.%2526OS%3DPN%2F2474994%2526RS%3DPN%2F2474994| title = US Patent #2,474,994 Claims, Page 7}} 6. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|url=http://www.wihatools.com/Marketing/torxspec.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151226084217/http://www.wihatools.com/Marketing/torxspec.htm |archive-date=2015-12-26 |title=Chart of Torx fasteners and tools |publisher=Wiha Tools USA |accessdate=2012-01-14 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 7. ^1 {{cite web|title=TORX Drive System |url=http://www.textronfasteningsystems.com/PDFs/torx.pdf |publisher=Textron Fastening Systems |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070102194628/http://www.textronfasteningsystems.com/PDFs/torx.pdf |archive-date=2007-01-02 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 8. ^{{cite web|title=16pc torx bit set|url=http://amtechdiy.com/product/L3220-16pc-torx-bit-set/|publisher=Amtech Tools|accessdate=24 February 2017}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sourcingmap.com/pcs-t35-313-torx-head-screwdriver-link-12-square-mechanic-drive-socket-p-268675.html|title=2 Pcs T35 3/13 Torx Head Screwdriver Link 1/2 Square Mechanic Drive Socket|publisher=}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://buy1.snapon.com/catalog/item.asp?item_ID=636916&group_ID=674869|title=FTX47E, Socket Driver, TORX, GM-Style, T47|publisher=}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.rodneydickman.com/torxsockets.html|title=Fiero Torx Sockets|publisher=}} 12. ^1 {{cite web|title=TORX PLUS Drive System|url=http://www.acument.com/pdfs/Catalog_TORX_PLUS_DS.pdf|publisher=Acument}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.wihatools.com/300seri/366_IP_serie.htm |title=TORX PLUS Long arm L-Keys |publisher=Wiha Tools USA |accessdate=14 July 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007065658/http://www.wihatools.com/300seri/366_IP_serie.htm |archive-date=7 October 2015 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.instructables.com/id/When-a-Phillips-is-not-a-Phillips-Plus-So-Much-Mor/step70/Torx-Plusreg-Security/|title=When a Phillips is not a Phillips Plus So Much More!|date=16 March 2010|work=Instructables|author=Egon Pavlis}} 15. ^{{cite web|title=Fastening Solutions|url=http://www.acument.com/pdfs/Catalog_Fastening_Solutions.pdf|publisher=Acument}} 16. ^{{cite web|title=Tamper-Resistant TORX PLUS Drive System |url=http://www.textronfasteningsystems.com/PDFs/TP_tech/Tampresisttorxplus.pdf |publisher=Textron Fastening Systems |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061110014752/http://www.textronfasteningsystems.com/PDFs/TP_tech/Tampresisttorxplus.pdf |archive-date=2006-11-10 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.lasertools.co.uk/item.aspx?cat=1246&item=748|title=TS Star Bits (5 Sided) 1/4"D 7pc - Part No. 3389 - Part of the TS Star/Torx* Plus range from Laser Tools|publisher=|accessdate=14 July 2016}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.wihatools.com/700seri/716_IPR_serie.htm |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151213093852/http://www.wihatools.com/700seri/716_IPR_serie.htm |archive-date=13 December 2015 |title=Security TORX PLUS Insert Bits |publisher=Wiha Tools USA |accessdate=14 July 2016 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 19. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.acument.com/licensing/licensed-products/torx-plus-maxx-drive-system/|title=TORX PLUS® MAXX Drive System|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}} 20. ^{{cite patent |country=US |number=6951158 |status=patent|title=System comprising a screw and a tool therefor|invent1=Jone Edland|gdate=2005-10-04}} 21. ^{{cite web|title=TTAP Fastener|url=https://www.acument.com/licensing/licensed-products/ttap/|publisher=Acument Global Technologies|accessdate=26 February 2017}} 22. ^{{cite web|title=Torx TTAP Advantages|url=http://ttapdrive.com/system/advantages|publisher=TTAP Drive AS|accessdate=26 February 2017}} 23. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.acument.com/markets/industrial/|title=Acument Industrial fastening systems|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}} 24. ^{{cite web|title=Technical Information on Fasteners: Design recommendations 11.1 Inside drives for screws – AW drive (AW-Antrieb) |url=http://wueko.wuerth.com/medien/produktinfo0000-EN/pdfNEW/09199.pdf|publisher=Adolf Würth GmbH & Co. KG |accessdate=2 March 2017}} 25. ^{{cite web|title=Construction Range Overview (Fasteners: Introducing the AW Drive System, p3)|url=http://wurth.co.nz/construction-snapshot/files/assets/common/downloads/page0005.pdf|publisher=Würth New Zealand|date=2016}} External links
1 : Screws |
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