| 词条 | Tropical Storm Boris (2014) |
| 释义 |
| Name=Tropical Storm Boris | Type=Tropical storm | Year=2014 | Basin=EPac | Image location=Boris Suomi NPP Jun 3 2014.jpg | Alt=Satellite image of a large, somewhat disorganized mass of clouds near a landmass | Image name=Tropical Storm Boris at peak intensity on June 3 | Formed={{start-date|June 2, 2014}} | Dissipated={{end-date|June 4, 2014}} | 1-min winds=40 | Pressure=998 | Fatalities=6 total | Damages=46.8 | Areas=Southwestern Mexico, Guatemala | Hurricane season=2014 Pacific hurricane season | Related= }} Tropical Storm Boris was a weak and short-lived tropical cyclone that brought rainfall to the Isthmus of Tehuantepec and surrounding areas in June 2014. The second named storm of the season, Boris developed from the interaction of a low-level trough and a Kelvin wave south of Mexico late on June 2. Initially a tropical depression, the system moved generally northward and strengthened into Tropical Storm Boris by midday on June 3. About six hours later, Boris peaked with maximum sustained winds of 45 mph (75 km/h) – indicative of a weak tropical storm. By early on June 4, interaction with land caused the storm to weaken, deteriorating to a tropical depression. Later that day, Boris degenerated into an area of remnant low pressure, before fully dissipating over the Gulf of Tehuantepec on June 5. As Boris approached land, tropical cyclone warnings and watches were issued, school classes were canceled, and evacuations occurred in Southwestern Mexico and portions of Guatemala. The precursor to Boris and the storm itself brought heavy rainfall to area. In Mexico, overflowing streams left minor damage in Chiapas; four people were injured when a house partially collapsed. One death was reported in the country when a tree fell at a high school in Xalapa. Flooding in Guatemala forced 198 people to flee their homes. A mudslide caused five deaths and injured seven others. Overall, 20 mudslides were reported, damaging 13 roads. Additionally, 223 homes were damaged, including 11 severely. More than 5,000 people were left isolated in Quetzaltenango after a portion of the main road to the city was inundated by water. Meteorological history{{storm path|Boris 2014 track.png}}Early on May 30, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) began monitoring an area of disturbed weather, perhaps in connection to a tropical wave, several hundred miles south of southeastern Mexico for tropical development within a five-day period.[1][2] Within an increasingly favorable environment for formation, the disturbance was assigned a medium chance of becoming a tropical cyclone within the next 48 hours later that day,[3] and a high chance of development on May 31 as it became increasingly better organized.[4] In conjunction with a ship observation and satellite intensity estimates, the disturbance acquired enough organization to be deemed a tropical depression at 2100 UTC on June 2.[5] Over the subsequent hours after its formation, little change in organization was noted, with multiple low-level centers rotating within a broader circulation positioned on the south side of the deepest convection.[6] However, a pair of Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) passes early on June 3 revealed sustained winds just above the tropical storm threshold, and the depression was subsequently upgraded to Tropical Storm Boris.[7] Despite initial forecasts of several days over water,[5] the center of circulation moved quickly northward in response to an upper-level low west of the system, and the bulk of Boris's deep convection moved ashore near Chiapas, Mexico around 0600 UTC on June 4.[8] However, the cyclone's northward motion slowed, and the low-level circulation remained offshore, failing to ever make landfall.[9] Thereafter, the system degenerated into a trough of low pressure about 80 mi (130 km) east-northeast of Salina Cruz, Mexico.[10] Preparations and impactA few tropical cyclone warnings and watches were issued as Tropical Storm Boris approached Southwestern Mexico. At 21:00 UTC on June 2, a tropical storm watch was posted from Salina Cruz, Oaxaca, to the Mexico–Guatemala border, which was upgraded to a tropical storm warning early the following day. The tropical storm warning was discontinued by 09:00 UTC on June 4. In Chiapas, 122 municipalities were placed on alert and schools were suspended in four of them.[11] All but four municipalities in Chipas were placed on "yellow" alert, while the remaining four were placed on "orange" alert.[12] Statewide, around 16,000 were evacuated.[13] Education services were suspended for 30 municipalities in Oaxaca.[14] Comisión Nacional del Agua warned residents to expect up to {{convert|27.56|in|mm|abbr=on}} of precipitation in Chiapas and Oaxaca, {{convert|19.69|in|mm|abbr=on}} of rain in Veracruz and Tabasco, and {{convert|11.81|in|mm|abbr=on}} in Campeche and Quintana Roo.[15] Due to the threat of mudslides in Guatemala, classes were suspended in nine school districts, affecting 1.25 million pupils. "Orange" and "yellow" alerts were also posted for the entire country.[16] A total of 434 emergency response teams were set up to deal with landslides.[18] Boris and its precursor disturbance brought heavy precipitation to Guatemala, peaking at {{convert|9.27|in|mm|abbr=on}} in Mazatenango, Suchitepéquez. Over 5,000 people were left isolated in Quetzaltenango, after heavy rainfall left about {{convert|2624.67|ft|m|abbr=on}} of the main road to the city inundated with water.[17] Five people were killed in a mudslide, seven were hurt, and 55 were evacuated in Guatemala. A total of 223 homes were damaged, including 11 severely.[16] Twenty landslides were reported,[18] resulting in damage to 13 roads. One hundred ninety-eight people sought shelter.[19] Throughout Southwestern Mexico, rainfall amounts of {{convert|4|to|8|in|mm|abbr=on}} were common, though the highest total observed was {{convert|17.91|in|mm|abbr=on}} at Tres Picos, Chiapas. In that state, some streams overflowed their banks,[20] resulting in minor damage.[21] There, four minor injuries occurred when a house partially collapsed.[22] Inland, in Xalapa, a high school student died and three others were wounded when a tree fell on campus.[23] Overall, damage totaled to MXN$700 million pesos ($46.77 million USD),[24] including MXN$689 million pesos ($46.03 million USD) to infrastructure.[25] Following the storm, aid was quickly provided to victims. Authorities authorized the delivery of 41,700 mats, and {{convert|15000|L|abbr=on}} of water.[26] See also{{portal|Tropical cyclones}}
References1. ^{{cite web|last=Landsea|first=Christopher W.|title=Tropical Weather Discussion|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/text/TWDEP/2014/TWDEP.201405301443.txt|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|work=National Hurricane Center|date=May 30, 2014|accessdate=June 10, 2014|location=Miami, Florida}} 2. ^{{cite web|last=Avila|first=Lixion A.|title=Tropical Weather Outlook|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/text/TWOEP/2014/TWOEP.201405301131.txt|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|work=National Hurricane Center|date=May 30, 2014|accessdate=June 10, 2014|location=Miami, Florida}} 3. ^{{cite web|last=Blake|first=Eric S.|title=Tropical Weather Outlook|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/text/TWOEP/2014/TWOEP.201405302334.txt|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|work=National Hurricane Center|date=May 30, 2014|accessdate=June 10, 2014|location=Miami, Florida}} 4. ^{{cite web|last=Blake|first=Eric S.|title=Tropical Weather Outlook|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/text/TWOEP/2014/TWOEP.201405312330.txt|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|work=National Hurricane Center|date=May 30, 2014|accessdate=June 10, 2014|location=Miami, Florida}} 5. ^1 {{cite report|last=Brown|first=Daniel P.|title=Tropical Depression Two-E Discussion Number 1|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2014/ep02/ep022014.discus.001.shtml|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|work=National Hurricane Center|date=June 2, 2014|accessdate=June 10, 2014|location=Miami, Florida}} 6. ^{{cite report|last=Brown|first=Daniel P.|title=Tropical Depression Two-E Discussion Number 4|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2014/ep02/ep022014.discus.004.shtml|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|work=National Hurricane Center|date=June 3, 2014|accessdate=June 10, 2014|location=Miami, Florida}} 7. ^{{cite report|last=Brown|first=Daniel P.|title=Tropical Storm Boris Discussion Number 5|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2014/ep02/ep022014.discus.005.shtml|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|work=National Hurricane Center|date=June 3, 2014|accessdate=June 10, 2014|location=Miami, Florida}} 8. ^{{cite report|last=Avila|first=Lixion A.|title=Tropical Depression Boris Discussion Number 7|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2014/ep02/ep022014.discus.007.shtml|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|work=National Hurricane Center|date=June 3, 2014|accessdate=June 10, 2014|location=Miami, Florida}} 9. ^{{cite report|last=Brown|first=Daniel P.|title=National Hurricane Center Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Boris (EP022014)|url={{NHC TCR url|id=EP022014_Boris}}|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|work=National Hurricane Center|date=August 12, 2014|accessdate=September 6, 2014|location=Miami, Florida|format=PDF}} 10. ^{{cite report|last=Blake|first=Eric S.|title=Tropical Storm Boris Public Advisory Number 9|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2014/ep02/ep022014.public.009.shtml|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|work=National Hurricane Center|date=June 4, 2014|accessdate=June 10, 2014|location=Miami, Florida}} 11. ^{{cite news | url=http://laprensa.mx/notas.asp?id=282985 | newspaper=La Prensa | date=June 2, 2014 | accessdate=June 2, 2014 | title=Suspenden clases en Chiapas por posible huracán |trans-title=Classes suspended in Chiapas for possible hurricane | language=es}} 12. ^{{cite news | url=http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/estados/2014/chiapas-depresion-tropical-alerta-1014680.html | title=Chiapas eleva alerta por depresión tropical 2-E |trans-title=Chiapas raises alert for Tropical Depression 2-E | date=June 3, 2013 | accessdate=June 3, 2014 | newspaper=El Universal | language=es}} 13. ^{{cite news | url=http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/estados/2014/chiapas-boris-evacuados-1014809.html | title=Evacuan a 16 mil chiapanecos por tormenta Boris |trans-title=16,000 evacuated in Chiapas prior to Boris | date=June 3, 2013 | accessdate=June 3, 2014 | newspaper=El Universal | language=es}} 14. ^{{cite news | url=http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/estados/2014/boris-oaxaca-municipios-clases-1014837.html | title=Oaxaca: suspenden clases 50 municipios por Boris |trans-title=Oaxaca: classes suspended for 50 municipalities due to Boris | date=June 3, 2013 | accessdate=June 3, 2014 | newspaper=El Universal | language=es}} 15. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.excelsior.com.mx/nacional/2014/06/03/963022|title=Se forma Boris, segunda tormenta tropical|date=June 6, 2014|newspaper=Excélsior|accessdate=September 2, 2014|location=Mexico City, Mexico}} 16. ^1 {{cite news | url=http://www.agn.com.gt/index.php/component/k2/item/16522-autoridades-suspenden-clases-en-9-departamentos-de-guatemala-por-lluvias | title=Autoridades suspenden clases en 9 departamentos de Guatemala por lluvias | trans-title=Classes suspended by authorities in 9 of Guatemala's provinces due to rain | date=June 2, 2014 | accessdate=June 2, 2014 | newspaper=Agency Guatemala de Noticas | language=es | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140607000839/http://www.agn.com.gt/index.php/component/k2/item/16522-autoridades-suspenden-clases-en-9-departamentos-de-guatemala-por-lluvias | archivedate=June 7, 2014 | df= }} 17. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.prensalibre.com/noticias/comunitario/Se_forma_tormenta-tropical-Boris-occidente_del_pais-lluvia-clima-insivumeh-conred_0_1150085033.html|title=Tormenta Boris se dirige a la costa mexicana|date=June 3, 2014|newspaper=Prensa Libre|accessdate=September 2, 2014| language=es}} 18. ^1 {{cite news | url=http://www.agn.com.gt/index.php/component/k2/item/16522-autoridades-suspenden-clases-en-9-departamentos-de-guatemala-por-lluvias | newspaper=Alaniza Metropolitan News | date=June 2, 2014 | accessdate=June 2, 2014 | title=Guatemala confirma la formación de una depresión tropical en el Pacífico | trans-title=Guatemala confirms the formation of a tropical depression in the Pacific | language=es | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140607000839/http://www.agn.com.gt/index.php/component/k2/item/16522-autoridades-suspenden-clases-en-9-departamentos-de-guatemala-por-lluvias | archivedate=June 7, 2014 | df= }} 19. ^{{cite news | url=http://www.teletica.com/Noticias/55422-Lluvias-provocadas-por-depresion-tropical-dejan-100-mil-afectados-en-Guatemala.note.aspx | newspaper=Teleticas Noticas | date=June 2, 2014 | accessdate=June 2, 2014 | title=Lluvias provocadas por depresión tropical dejan 100 mil afectados en Guatemala | trans-title=Rains brought by tropical depression leave 100,000 affected in Guatemala | language=es | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606214455/http://www.teletica.com/Noticias/55422-Lluvias-provocadas-por-depresion-tropical-dejan-100-mil-afectados-en-Guatemala.note.aspx | archivedate=June 6, 2014 | df= }} 20. ^{{cite news | url=http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/estados/2014/chiapas-militares-arroyos-rios-1014664.html | title=Supervisan ríos y arroyos ante lluvias en Chiapas |trans-title=Rivers and streams monitored for rainfall in Chiapas | date=June 3, 2013 | accessdate=June 3, 2014 | newspaper=El Universal | language=es}} 21. ^{{cite news | title=Chiapas reporta saldo blanco ante lluvias de Boris | url=http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/estados/2014/chiapas-saldo-blanco-boris-1014926.html | accessdate=June 10, 2013 | date=June 4, 2014 | newspaper=El Universal | language=es}} 22. ^{{cite news | url=http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/estados/2014/lluvias-causan-derrumbes-en-chiapas--1014881.html | title= Lluvias causan derrumbes en Chiapas |trans-title=Rains cause landslides in Chiapas | date=June 4, 2013 | accessdate=June 4, 2014 | newspaper=El Universal | language=es}} 23. ^{{cite news | url=http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/primera-plana/2014/impreso/inundaciones-y-un-muerto-por-lluvias-45577.html | title= Inundaciones y un muerto, por lluvias |trans-title=Showers, flooding, and deaths | date=June 4, 2013 | accessdate=June 4, 2014 | newspaper=El Universal | language=es}} 24. ^{{cite news|url=http://tribunacampeche.com/local/2014/07/10/deja-boris-danos-por-700-millones-de-pesos|newspaper=Tribunaca Campeche|accessdate=February 27, 2015|date=June 10, 2014|title=Deja Boris danos por 700 milliones de pesos}} 25. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.milenio.com/estados/Boris-peridas_de_mas_de_689_mdp-declaratoria_de_desastre_0_332367162.html|date=June 26, 2014|title=Boris dehas prdidas por mas de 689 mdp en infraestructura en Campeche|access-date=February 27, 2015|newspaper=Milenio}} 26. ^{{cite news | title=Entregan ayuda a damnificados por Boris en Chiapas | url=http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/estados/2014/ayuda-damnificados-boris-chiapas-1015441.html | date=June 6, 2013 | accessdate=June 10, 2014 | newspaper=El Universal | language=es}} External links{{Commons category}}
4 : 2014 Pacific hurricane season|Hurricanes in Guatemala|Pacific hurricanes in Mexico|Eastern Pacific tropical storms |
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