1. ^Erica J. Peters Appetites and Aspirations in Vietnam: Food and Drink in the Long ... 2011 "At the turn of the twentieth century in the city of Nam Định, the poet Trần Tế Xương mocked Vietnamese who served the colonial administration: they had reached the high life, so now they could start their day drinking milk and milk and end it with champagne. Champagne is an obvious symbol, with its resonances of excess and indulgence. But in colonial Indochina milk bore equal cultural weight, with resonances of whiteness and middle-class health."
2. ^Jane Bradley Winston, Leakthina Chan-Pech Ollier Of Vietnam: Identities in Dialogue 2001 - Page 26 "But some authors used the practice as a symbol of all that was wrong with modern Vietnamese. The poet Tran Te Xuong mocked Vietnamese who served the colonial administration instead of becoming scholars, saying scornfully that they had made the wise choice..."
3. ^Truong Buu Lâm Colonialism Experienced: Vietnamese Writings on Colonialism, 1900-1931-2000 Page 94 "The satirist-poet Tran Te Xuong, also known as Tu Xuong, expressed that dichotomy with a great deal of conviction using concrete images: 'Let us face it, what good are the Confucian letters Even with a doctorate or a master, you still will stay..." "