| 词条 | Tuapse field |
| 释义 |
| name = Tuapse field | image = | caption = | country = Russia | region = | location = Black Sea | block = | offonshore = offshore | location_map = Russia | location_map_width = | location_map_text = | relief = | coordinates = | coordinates_ref = | operator = Rosneft | owner = | partners = Rosneft ExxonMobil | contractors = | discovery = | start_development = | start_production = | peak_year = | abandonment = | peak_of_production_oil_bbl/d = | peak_of_production_oil_tpy = | oil_production_bbl/d = | oil_production_tpy = | production_year_oil = | est_oil_bbl = 7200 | est_oil_t = | recover_oil_bbl = | recover_oil_t = | est_gas_bft = | est_gas_bcm = | recover_gas_bcm = | formations = }} The Tuapse field is a large offshore oil field located in the Black Sea, roughly {{convert|4,300|mi2|km2|order=flip}} in size and between {{convert|1000|and|2000|m}} underwater, containing between {{convert|2.2|and|7.2|Goilbbl}} of oil.[1][2] HistoryIn August 2003, Rosneft was awarded a license to explore the field, allowing the company to carry out surveys and small-scale exploratory drilling.[3] In February 2011, Rosneft and ExxonMobil reached a preliminary agreement to develop the field; the agreement was officially announced on 30 August 2011 as part of a US$3.2 billion joint venture between the two companies that also included the development of the East-Prinovozemelsky field in the Arctic Kara Sea.[2] Under the terms of the contract, Rosneft will own two-thirds of the joint venture, with Exxon controlling the remainder.[4] After Russia annexed Crimea in 2014, the US imposed sanctions that blocked the partnership.[6] ExxonMobil was later granted a limited waiver to maintain "administrative actions" in the joint venture, and in March 2017 applied to the US government for a full waiver that would allow it to resume drilling in partnership with Rosneft.[5] The request was denied in April, leaving ExxonMobil with little chance of beginning drilling before the joint venture agreement expired at the end of the year.[6] References1. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.npr.org/2011/08/30/140070260/exxon-in-multibillion-dollar-russian-arctic-deal | title=Exxon In Multibillion-Dollar Russian Arctic Deal | publisher=NPR | date=30 August 2011 | accessdate=2 September 2011}} {{Portal|Russia|Energy}}{{ExxonMobil}}{{Black Sea Energy}}{{coord missing|Russia}}2. ^1 {{cite news | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/exxonmobil-signs-russian-oil-pact/2011/08/30/gIQApIvypJ_story.html | title=ExxonMobil signs Russian oil pact | newspaper=The Washington Post | date=30 August 2011 | accessdate=2 September 2011}} 3. ^{{cite web | url= http://www.rosneft.com/Upstream/Exploration/southern_russia/tuapsinsky_trough/ | title= Tuapse Trough | publisher=Rosneft | accessdate=2 September 2011}} 4. ^{{cite web | url=http://in.reuters.com/article/2011/09/01/us-rosneft-exxon-idINTRE77T2OM20110901 | title=Exxon, Rosneft tie up in Russian Arctic, U.S. | publisher=Reuters India | date=1 September 2011 | accessdate=2 September 2011}} 5. ^1 {{cite web | url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/exxon-seeks-u-s-waiver-to-work-in-russia-despite-sanctions-1492620677 | title=Exxon Seeks U.S. Waiver to Resume Russia Oil Venture | publisher=The Wall Street Journal | date=19 April 2017 | accessdate=19 April 2017}} 6. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-administration-won-t-waive-sanctions-for-oil-project-exxon-planned-in-russia-1492796961 | title=Trump Administration Won't Waive Sanctions for Oil Project Exxon Planned in Russia | publisher=The Wall Street Journal | date=21 April 2017 | accessdate=21 April 2017}} 2 : Black Sea energy|Oil fields of Russia |
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