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词条 Tourism in Germany
释义

  1. History

      Statistics    Surveys  

  2. Countryside

      Health    Regions    Theme routes    Winter sport  

  3. Cities

     Berlin  Munich  Hamburg  Gallery   Events    Trade fairs  

  4. Most visited...

      Protected areas    Landmarks    Theme parks  

  5. See also

  6. References

  7. External links

Germany is the ninth most visited country in the world,[1][2] with a total of 407.26 million overnights during 2012.[3] This number includes 68.83 million nights by foreign visitors, the majority of foreign tourists in 2009 coming from the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and Switzerland (see table). Additionally, more than 30% of Germans spend their holiday in their own country.

According to Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Reports, Germany is ranked 3 out of 136 countries in the 2017 report, and is rated as one of the safest travel destinations worldwide.

In 2012, over 30.4 million international tourists arrived in Germany, bringing over US$38 billion in international tourism receipts to the country.[4] Domestic and international travel and tourism combined directly to contribute over EUR43.2 billion to the German GDP. Including indirect and induced impacts, the industry contributes 4.5% of German GDP and supports 2 million jobs (4.8% of total employment).[5] The ITB Berlin is the world's leading tourism trade fair.[6]

According to surveys, the top three reasons for tourists to come to Germany, are the German culture, outdoor activities and countryside, and the German cities.

History

The history of tourism in Germany goes back to cities and landscapes being visited for education and recreation. From the late 18th century onwards, cities like Dresden, Munich, Weimar and Berlin were major stops on a European Grand tour.

Spas and Seaside resorts on the North and Baltic Sea (e.g. Rugia and Usedom islands, Heiligendamm, Norderney and Sylt islands) particularly developed during the 19th and early 20th century, when major train routes were built to connect the seaside spas to urban centers. An extense bathing and recreation industry materialized in Germany around 1900. At rivers and close to natural landscapes (along the Middle Rhine valley and in Saxon Switzerland for example) many health spas, hotels and recreational facilities were established since the 19th century.

Since the end of World War II tourism has expanded greatly, as many tourists visit Germany to experience a sense of European history and the diverse German landscape. The country features 14 national parks, including the Jasmund National Park, the Vorpommern Lagoon Area National Park, the Müritz National Park, the Wadden Sea National Parks, the Harz National Park, the Hainich National Park, the Saxon Switzerland National Park, the Bavarian Forest National Park and the Berchtesgaden National Park. In addition, there are 14 Biosphere Reserves, as well as 98 nature parks.

The countryside has a pastoral aura, while the bigger cities exhibit both a modern and classical feel. Small and medium-sized cities often preserved their historical appearance and have old towns with remarkable architectural heritage - these are called Altstadt in German.

Statistics

The table below shows the distribution of national and international visitor nights spent in each of the sixteen states of Germany in 2017.

Germany overall had 178.23 million visitor nights in 2017, of which 37.45 million were of foreign guests (21.01 percent). With 94.3 million nights spent in hotels, hostels or clinics, Bavaria has the most visitors. With 18.472 nights per 1.000 inhabitants, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern has the highest density of tourists per population (German median: 5.568 nights per 1.000 people).[7]

state# of nights
in 2017
in million		of whom
foreign visitors
in million		nights per
1.000
inhabitants
Germany 178.23 37.45 5.568
Baden-Württemberg 52.93 11.39 4.833
Bavaria 94.36 19.12 7.298
Berlin 31.15 13.98 8.714
Brandenburg 13.09 0.962 5.247
Bremen 2.44 0.49 3.607
Hamburg 13.82 3.44 7.635
Hesse 34.1 7.67 5.489
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 29.75 1.0 18.472
Lower Saxony 43.49 3.73 5.474
North Rhine-Westphalia 51.51 11 2.879
Rhineland-Palatinate 22.22 5.24 5.466
Saarland 3.08 0.46 3.099
Saxony 19.51 2.05 4.781
Saxony-Anhalt 8.13 0.63 3.638
Schleswig-Holstein 29.89 2.01 10.372
Thuringia 9.92 0.62 4.600

Most visitors arriving to Germany on short term basis are from the following countries of nationality:[8][9]

RankCountry20142016
1Netherlands}} 4,237,865 4,477,100
2Switzerland}} 2,778,455 3,115,456
3United States}} 2,371,086 2,558,495
4United Kingdom}} 2,415,477 2,551,061
5Austria}} 1,725,259 1,818,872
6France}} 1,617,901 1,725,854
7Italy}} 1,642,443 1,651,933
8Denmark}} 1,466,561 1,592,500
9Belgium}} 1,310,693 1,424,482
10China}} 1,256,800 1,363,979
Total international arrivals32,999,298 35,555,391

Surveys

The official body for tourism in Germany is the German National Tourist Board (GNTB), represented worldwide by National Tourist Offices in 29 countries. Surveys by the GNTB include perceptions and reasons for holidaying in Germany, which are as follows: culture (75%), outdoors/countryside (59%), cities (59%), cleanliness (47%), security (41%), modernity (36%), good hotels (35%), good gastronomy/cuisine (34%), good accessibility (30%), cosmopolitanism/hospitality (27%), good shopping opportunities (21%), exciting nightlife (17%) and good price/performance ratio (10%) (multiple answers were possible).

Countryside

Health

{{See also|List of spa towns in Germany|List of seaside resorts in Germany}}

About 242 million nights, or two-thirds of all nights spent in hotels in Germany, are spent in spa towns.[10] Germany is well known for health tourism, with many of the numerous spa towns having been established at a hot spring, offering convalescence (German: Kur) or preventive care by means of mineral water and/or other spa treatment. Spa towns and seaside resorts carry official designations such as Mineral and mud spas (Mineral- und Moorbäder), Healthy climate resorts (Heilklimatische Kurorte), Kneipp cure resorts (Kneippkurorte = water therapy resorts), Seaside resorts (Seebäder), Climatic resorts (Luftkurorte), and Recreation resorts (Erholungsorte). The largest and most well known resorts also have casinos, most notably at Bad Wiessee, Baden-Baden (Kurhaus), Wiesbaden (Kurhaus), Aachen, Travemünde and Westerland (Kurhaus).

Regions

{{See also|Geography of Germany|List of national parks in Germany}}

The most visited tourist regions in Germany are the East Frisian and North Frisian Islands, the Baltic Sea coasts of Holstein, Mecklenburg and Vorpommern, the Rhine Valley, the Bavarian and Black Forest, and the Bavarian Alps.

The table below shows the five most visited rural districts in 2008:[11]

rankdistrict# of nights in 2008
1 Nordfriesland 6.96 million
2 Rügen 5.57 million
3 Oberallgäu 5.29 million
4 Ostholstein 5.27 million
5 Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald 4.41 million

Other popular regions include

  • in the North: Usedom, Holstein Switzerland, the Lüneburg Heath, Harz and Mecklenburg Lake District
  • in the West: Teutoburg Forest, Sauerland, Eifel and the Moselle Valley
  • in the East: Saxon Switzerland, Thüringer Wald, Erzgebirge and the Elbe Valley
  • in the South: Taunus, Spessart, Rhön, Odenwald and Allgäu.

Theme routes

Since the 1930s, local and regional governments have set up various theme routes, to help visitors get to know a specific region and its cultural or scenic qualities. The table below shows some of the most prominent theme routes. Other popular German theme routes include parts of the European Route of Brick Gothic and European Route of Industrial Heritage, the Harz-Heide Road, Bertha Benz Memorial Route and Bergstrasse.

List of theme routes (incomplete)
Route Established Theme Length
German Wine Road (Deutsche Weinstraße)1935 Palatinate wine route85 km
German Avenue Road (Deutsche Alleenstraße)1993 Tree-sided avenues and lush countrysides2900 km
Romantic Road (Romantische Straße)1950 Romanticism366 km
Black Forest High Road (Schwarzwaldhochstraße)1952 Black Forest60 km
Castle Road (Burgenstraße)1954 Castles in Germany1,000 km
Road of Weser Renaissance (Straße der Weserrenaissance) Weser Renaissance350 km
Romanesque Road (Straße der Romanik)1993 Romanesque architecture1,195 km
German Ferries Route2004 Fords, ferries, bridges and tunnels250 km
German Timber-Frame Road1990 Timber framing (Fachwerk)3,000 km
German Clock Road (Deutsche Uhrenstrasse) Cuckoo clock Manufacturers, clock-face paintings workshops,
museums, Black Forest and Baar villages, landscapes		320 km
Industrial Heritage Trail (Route der Industriekultur) Industrial heritage of the Ruhr area400 km
German Fairy Tale Route (Deutsche Märchenstraße) Fairy tales and legends of the Brothers Grimm600 km

Winter sport

{{See also|List of ski resorts in the German Alps|List of ski resorts in the German Central Uplands}}

The main winter sport regions in Germany are the Bavarian Alps and Northern Limestone Alps, as well as the Ore Mountains, Harz Mountains, Fichtel Mountains and Bavarian Forest within the Central Uplands. First class winter sport infrastructure is available for alpine skiing and snowboarding, bobsledding and cross-country skiing.

In most regions, winter sports are limited to the winter months November to February. During the Advent season, many German towns and cities host Christmas markets.

Cities

{{See also|Metropolitan regions in Germany}}

In terms of numbers of overnight stays, travel to the twelve largest cities in Germany more than doubled between 1995 and 2005, the largest increase of any travel destination.[12]{{Citation needed|date=July 2010}} This increase mainly arises from growth of cultural tourism, often in conjunction with educational or business travel. Consequently, the provision and supply of more and higher standards of cultural, entertainment, hospitality, gastronomic, and retail services also attract more international guests.

The table below shows the ten most visited cities in Germany in 2012. Other cities and towns with over 1 million nights per year are Rostock, Hannover, Bremen, Cuxhaven, Bonn, Freiburg, Münster, Lübeck, Wiesbaden, Essen and Regensburg.

{{bar box
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|caption=Top ten city destinations in 2016 by number of overnight stays (millions)[3]
|width=475px
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Berlin

{{See also|List of sights in Berlin}}

Berlin has a yearly total of about 135 million day visitors, which puts it in third place among the most-visited city destinations in the European Union. Berlin had 781 hotels with over 125,000 beds in June 2012.[13] The city recorded 20.8 million overnight hotel stays and 9.1 million hotel guests in 2010.[14] In the first half of 2012, there was an increase of over 10% compared to the same period the year before.[13]

Munich

{{See also|:Category:Tourist attractions in Munich}}

Hamburg

{{See also|:Category:Tourist attractions in Hamburg|List of museums and cultural institutions in Hamburg}}

In 2007, more than 3,985,105 visitors with 7,402,423 overnight stays visited the city.[15] The tourism sector employs more than 175,000 people full-time and brings in revenue of €9.3 billion, making the tourism industry a major economic force in the Hamburg Metropolitan Region. Hamburg has one of the fastest-growing tourism industries in Germany. From 2001 to 2007, the overnight stays in the city increased by 55.2% (Berlin +52.7%, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania +33%).[16]

A typical Hamburg visit includes a tour of the city hall and the grand church St. Michaelis (called the Michel), and visiting the old warehouse district (Speicherstadt) and the harbour promenade (Landungsbrücken). Sightseeing buses connect these points of interest. As Hamburg is one of the world's largest harbours many visitors take one of the harbour and/or canal boat tours (Große Hafenrundfahrt, Fleetfahrt) which start from the Landungsbrücken. Major destinations also include museums.

The area of Reeperbahn in the quarter St. Pauli is Europe's largest red light district and home of strip clubs, brothels, bars and nightclubs. The Beatles had stints on the Reeperbahn early in their careers. Others prefer the laid-back neighbourhood Schanze with its street cafés, or a barbecue on one of the beaches along the river Elbe. Hamburg's famous zoo, the Tierpark Hagenbeck, was founded in 1907 by Carl Hagenbeck as the first zoo with moated, barless enclosures.[17]

Gallery

Events

The table below shows some of the largest annually recurring events in Germany:


type		eventlocationseason# of visitorsnotes
Volksfest Oktoberfest Munich September/October 6.0 million
Volksfest Cannstatter Volksfest Stuttgart September/October 4.2 million locally called "Cannstatter Wasen"
Volksfest Libori Paderborn End of July 1.7 million 9 days, one of the biggest and oldest city center fests
Fair Largest Fair on the Rhine Düsseldorf July/August 4.0 million
Sailing regatta Kiel Week Kiel July/August 3.5 million
Maritime festival Hanse Sail Rostock 2nd weekend of August 1.1 million one of Europe's biggest events for sailors
World Marathon Major Berlin Marathon Berlin September
Carnival parade Cologne Carnival Cologne February 1.5 million number of visitors for Rosenmontagszug
Gay pride Cologne Pride Cologne June/July 1.2 million
contemporary art exhibitionQuadriennale Düsseldorf|de}} Düsseldorf September/January only held once every 4 years
contemporary art exhibition documenta Kassel Kassel 0.9 million only held once every 5 years
Techno music festival Love Parade varies June/July 1.6 million canceled following the Love Parade disaster in 2010
Rock music festival Bochum Total Bochum June/July/August 1.0 million
Rock music festival Rock am Ring and Rock im Park Nürburgring & Nuremberg May/June 0.8 million
Classical music Schleswig-Holstein Musik Festival throughout Schleswig-Holstein July/August 0.2 million
Anniversary Port of Hamburg birthday Hamburg May 7 1.0 million
Fireworks showKölner Lichter|de}} Cologne July 1.0 million
Rhine river fireworks Rhein in Flammen Bonn May 0.5 million
Wine festival Wurstmarkt Bad Dürkheim 2nd—3rd weekend
in September		 0.6 million
Film festival Berlinale (Berlin International Film Festival) Berlin February 0.5 million Film festival
Note: This list only includes the largest, annually recurring events in selected categories. This list may be incomplete.

Trade fairs

Germany is home to several of the world's largest trade fairgrounds, and many of the international exhibitions are considered trend-setters or industry leaders. Thousands of national and international trade fairs, conventions and congresses are held in Germany annually. In 2008, 10.3 million people visited the 150 largest trade fairs alone. More than half of these visitors come from abroad, more than one third from countries outside Europe. The table below shows some of the most visited trade fairs.

trade fair groundcitytrade fairindustry# of visitors[18][19]notes
Messe FrankfurtFrankfurt, Main Internationale Automobilausstellung (IAA) motor show850,000 in 2009 held in Hanover every other year as a truck show
Frankfurt, Main Frankfurt Book Fair books 300,000 in 2008
ISH heating, ventilation and air conditioning 201,000 in 2009 biennial
Messegelände Hanover CeBIT computer expo 334,000 87,000 foreign visitors
Hanover Hannover Messe industrial technology 250,000 in 2011 world's biggest industrial fair
Messe München Munich BAUMA construction machinery 530,000 in 2013 triennial
Munich BAU architecture, materials, systems engineering 212,000 in 2009 biennial
Messe Berlin Berlin International Green Week (IGW) sustainable agriculture 425,000 9,000 foreign visitors
Berlin Internationale Funkausstellung (IFA) consumer electronics 240,000 in 2012
Messe Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Drupa print media 390,000 230,000 foreign visitors, quadrennial
Düsseldorf Boot Düsseldorf boats 267.000 43,000 foreign visitors
Düsseldorf Kunststoffmesse (K) plastics 242,000 in 2007 triennial
koelnmesse Cologne gamescom video games 345,000 in 2015 organised by Leipzig Trade Fair until 2008 as Games Convention
Note: This list only includes trade fairs with 250,000 visitors per year or more. This list may be incomplete.

Most visited...

Protected areas

The table below shows the most visited protected areas in Germany.

RankProtected areaLocationType# of visitors in 2002[20]# of visitors in 2008
1Western Pomerania Lagoon Area National Park Mecklenburg-VorpommernNational park2.50 million3.00 million[21]
2 Saxon Switzerland National Park Saxony National park2.15 million2.90 million[22]
3 Bavarian Forest National Park Bavaria National park2.00 million
4 Jasmund National Park Mecklenburg-Vorpommern National park2.00 million
5 Lower Saxony Wadden Sea National Park 1 Lower Saxony National park2.00 million
6 Berchtesgaden National Park Bavaria National park1.50 million
7 Harz National ParkLower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt National park1.50 million
8Schleswig-Holstein Wadden Sea National Park1 Schleswig-Holstein National park1.50 million
9 Mainau Island Baden-Württemberggarden island1.30 million

Note: This list only includes protected areas with 1 million or more visitors per year. This list may be incomplete.

1 World Heritage Site in Germany

Landmarks

{{Citations broken|section|date=December 2012}}

The German Tourism Association (Deutscher Tourismusverband) irregularly publishes statistics on the most visited landmarks. With an average of over 6 million visitors entering Cologne Cathedral per year, the cathedral is Germany's most visited landmark. Second and third places go to the Reichstag building in Berlin and the Hofbräuhaus in Munich. Other much visited architectural landmarks include the Drosselgasse in Rüdesheim (3.0m), the medieval old towns of Rothenburg ob der Tauber (2.5m), Regensburg (2.0m), Frauenkirche in Dresden (2.5m), Bad Münstereifel (2m), the Brandenburg Gate in Berlin and the Holsten Gate in Lübeck 1.

ranklandmarklocationsubject# of visitors in 2002[20]# of visitors in 2007
1 Cologne Cathedral 1 Cologne Gothic Cathedral 6.0 million 6.0 million[23] (2004)
2 Reichstag building Berlin Bundestag 2.70 million 2.70 million[24] (2006)
3 Hofbräuhaus Munich Brewery 1.80 million[25]
4 Heidelberg Castle Heidelberg Renaissance architecture 1.30 million
5 Neuschwanstein Castle Schwangau Bavarian King Ludwig II's castle 1.25 million 1.36 million[26]
6Zwinger and Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister Dresden Dresden State Art Collections 1.20 million
7 Fernsehturm Berlin TV and observation tower 1.10 million
8 Aachen Cathedral 1 Aachen Holy Roman Imperial Cathedral 1.0 million 1.5 million[27]

Note: This list only includes physical landmarks with 1.0 million visitors per year or more. This list may be incomplete.

1 World Heritage Site in Germany

Theme parks

The table below shows some of the most visited theme parks or related facilities in Germany.

NameLocationType# of visitors in 2002[20]# of visitors in 2008
Europa-Park Rust Amusement park 3.5 million 4.0 million[28]
Berlin Zoological Garden Berlin Zoo3.0million
VW Autostadt Wolfsburg Automobile park 2.1 million
Nürburgring Nürburg Formula One park 2.0 million
Therme Erding Erding Water park 1.5 million
Movie Park Germany Bottrop Amusement park 1.3 million
Legoland Deutschland Günzburg Miniature park 1.3 million
Leipzig Zoological Garden "Zoo of the future" Leipzig Zoo 1.2 million 2.1 million
Phantasialand Brühl Amusement park 1.75 million
Heide Park Resort Soltau Amusement park 1.6 million
Deutsches Museum Munich Museum 1.4 million
Hamburg Planetarium Hamburg Planetarium 0.4 million
Note: This list only includes the largest theme parks/facilities in selected categories. This list may be incomplete.

See also

{{Portal|Germany|European Union}}
  • Transport in Germany
  • Public holidays in Germany
  • List of museums in Germany
  • List of world's largest cuckoo clocks
  • Economy of Germany
  • Cuisine of Germany
  • Tourism in East Germany
  • German tourism industry
  • List of World Heritage Sites in Germany

References

1. ^{{cite journal |url=http://www.unwto.org/facts/eng/pdf/barometer/UNWTO_Barom11_iu_april_excerpt.pdf |title=Interim Update |journal=UNWTO World Tourism Barometer |accessdate=26 June 2011 |date=April 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101005051/http://www.unwto.org/facts/eng/pdf/barometer/UNWTO_Barom11_iu_april_excerpt.pdf |archivedate=1 January 2015 |df= }}
2. ^{{cite web |url=http://dtxtq4w60xqpw.cloudfront.net/sites/all/files/pdf/unwto_highlights13_en_hr_0.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2013-07-11 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004212850/http://dtxtq4w60xqpw.cloudfront.net/sites/all/files/pdf/unwto_highlights13_en_hr_0.pdf |archivedate=2013-10-04 |df= }}
3. ^1 Zahlen Daten Fakten 2012 (in German), German National Tourist Board
4. ^{{cite web |url=http://dtxtq4w60xqpw.cloudfront.net/sites/all/files/pdf/unwto_highlights13_en_lr_0.pdf |title=Tourism Highlights 2013 edition |publisher=UNWTO |accessdate=2013-11-26 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131127174556/http://dtxtq4w60xqpw.cloudfront.net/sites/all/files/pdf/unwto_highlights13_en_lr_0.pdf |archivedate=2013-11-27 |df= }}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://wttc.org/site_media/uploads/downloads/germany2013_1.pdf |title=2013 Travel & Tourism Economic Impact Report Germany |publisher=WTTC |accessdate=2013-11-26 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203001157/http://wttc.org/site_media/uploads/downloads/germany2013_1.pdf |archivedate=2013-12-03 |df= }}
6. ^{{cite web|title=ITB Berlin: The World's Leading Travel Trade Show|url=http://www.expodatabase.com/tradeshow/itb-berlin-the-worlds-leading-travel-trade-show-908.html|website=expodatabase.com|publisher=M+A Expo Database|accessdate=13 September 2016}}
7. ^[https://www.destatis.de/DE/Publikationen/Thematisch/BinnenhandelGastgewerbeTourismus/Tourismus/TourismusinZahlen1021500177005.xlsx?__blob=publicationFile DeStatis: Tourism in Numbers], 2017
8. ^[https://www.destatis.de/DE/Publikationen/Thematisch/BinnenhandelGastgewerbeTourismus/Tourismus/TourismusinZahlen.html Tourismus in Zahlen 2014], Statistisches Bundesamt
9. ^[https://www.destatis.de/DE/Publikationen/Thematisch/BinnenhandelGastgewerbeTourismus/Tourismus/MonatserhebungTourismus2060710161125.xls?__blob=publicationFile Tourismus in Zahlen 2016], Statistisches Bundesamt
10. ^Overnight stays by groups of communities, Statistisches Bundesamt, Wiesbaden
11. ^{{cite web |title=Tourismus- und Hotelatlas 2009-2010 |publisher=Georg & Ottenströer |language=German |url=http://georg-ic.de/cms/upload/marktstudien/TourismusHotelatlas_2009-2010_GO.pdf |page=8 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=no }}
12. ^Städte- und Kulturtourismus in Deutschland {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060819165317/http://www.deutschertourismusverband.de/content/files/anhang_staedtestudie.pdf |date=2006-08-19 }}, German Tourism Association (DTV)
13. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://press.visitberlin.de/en/feature/strong-tourism-and-convention-destination-berlin|title=Strong tourism and convention destination Berlin|website=visitBerlin|accessdate=13 August 2012}}{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/pms/2011/11-02-18.pdf |title=Berlin-Tourismus 2010 mit neuem Rekord |website=Amt für Statistik |accessdate=19 February 2011 |language=German |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719085426/http://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/pms/2011/11-02-18.pdf |archivedate=19 July 2011 |df= }}
15. ^{{Citation |author=Staff |publisher=Hamburg Tourismus GmbH |url=http://www.hamburg-tourism.de/fileadmin/files/B2B/Zahlen_und_Fakten/Tourismusmonitor/Newsletter/Newsletter_Nr18.pdf |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20080910140737/http://www.hamburg-tourism.de/fileadmin/files/B2B/Zahlen_und_Fakten/Tourismusmonitor/Newsletter/Newsletter_Nr18.pdf |dead-url=yes |archive-date=10 September 2008 |format=PDF |title=Newsletter Nr. 18 |date=29 February 2008 |accessdate=13 August 2008 |df= }} {{de icon}}
16. ^{{Citation |publisher=Behörde für Kultur, Sport und Medien |url=http://www.hamburg.de/daten-fakten/349180/aktuelles.html |title=Umsatzbringer und Jobmotor Tourismus |author=Staff |date=11 July 2008 |accessdate=13 August 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100809030041/http://www.hamburg.de/daten-fakten/349180/aktuelles.html |archivedate=9 August 2010|language=de}}
17. ^{{Cite news |publisher=National Audubon Society |work=Audubon Magazine |title=The New Zoo |url=http://audubonmagazine.org/features0111/newzoo.html |author=Rene S. Ebersole |date=November 2001 |accessdate=1 October 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070906144905/http://www.audubonmagazine.org/features0111/newzoo.html |archivedate=6 September 2007 |df= }}
18. ^Euro Fair Statistics 2008 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718201111/http://www.auma.de/_pages/d/16_Download/download/FKM/EuroFairStatistics_2008.pdf |date=2011-07-18 }}, Society for Voluntary Control of Fair and Exhibition Statistics (FKM)
19. ^Audited Trade Fair and Exhibition Figures 2008 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227081636/http://www.auma.de/_pages/e/12_Download/download/TradeFairPreparation/FKM_Report2008.pdf |date=2012-02-27 }}, Society for Voluntary Control of Fair and Exhibition Statistics (FKM)
20. ^1 2 Deutscher Tourismusverband, German Tourism Association (DTV)
21. ^[https://www.welt.de/welt_print/article2577691/Sorgen-im-Nationalpark-Touristen-stoeren-Kraniche-an-Rastplaetzen.html Mehr als drei Millionen Besucher jährlich], Die Welt, 15 October 2008
22. ^Immer mehr Besucher im Nationalpark {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100421075109/http://www.mdr.de/sachsen/7157047.html |date=2010-04-21 }}, Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk, 12. March 2010
23. ^Der Kölner Dom {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20070630004752/http://www.hr-online.de/website/specials/wissen/index.jsp?rubrik=6572&key=standard_document_2641096 |date=2007-06-30 }}, Hessischer Rundfunk
24. ^Das Parlament{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=no }}, February 2008
25. ^Zapfhahn 2007{{Dead link|date=August 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, Hofbräuhaus, page 9
26. ^[https://archive.is/20120729235957/http://www.epochtimes.de/articles/2008/02/22/244076.html epochtimes.de]
27. ^Tourismus-Barometer, Aachen district, 2008
28. ^Europa-Park Facts {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004120252/http://presse.europapark.de/lang-en/m359/Startseite-oben/Press-kit-2009.c818/d7350.html |date=2011-10-04 }}, March 2010
  1. Statistisches Bundesamt Deutschland (Federal Statistical Office)
  2. DZT / World Travel Monitor
  3. World Tourism Organization

https://www.deutschertourismusverband.de/fileadmin/Mediendatenbank/Dateien/ZDF_2016.pdf

External links

{{Wikivoyage|Germany}}{{Commons category-inline|Tourism in Germany}}
  • Official Germany tourism website {{de icon}} {{ar icon}} {{cs icon}} {{dk icon}} {{en icon}} {{es icon}} {{fi icon}} {{fr icon}} {{he icon}} {{hu icon}} {{it icon}} {{ja icon}} {{ko icon}} {{nl icon}} {{no icon}} {{pl icon}} {{pt icon}} {{ru icon}} {{sl icon}} {{sv icon}} {{zh icon}}
  • {{dmoz|Regional/Europe/Germany/Travel_and_Tourism|Germany travel and tourism}}
  • [https://www.tourism.de Germany Travel Guide (tourism.de)]
{{Germany topics}}{{Tourism in Europe}}

2 : Tourism in Germany|Tourism in Europe by country
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